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Design Patterns

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8 views

Design Patterns

Uploaded by

ayahisham8888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design Patterns - Study Notes

1. Overview

 Definition: General solutions for common software design problems. Not direct code, but
reusable templates.
 Purpose: Simplify development, improve reusability and maintainability, and encourage
best practices.

2. Benefits of Design Patterns

 Proven solutions to recurring problems.


 Improve code structure and readability.
 Enhance collaboration by following standard approaches.

3. Components of a Pattern

 Intent: Describes the problem and solution.


 Motivation: Explains why the pattern exists.
 Structure: Diagram showing relationships.
 Code Example: Implementation in a programming language.

4. Types of Patterns

1. Creational Patterns

 Focus: Object creation mechanisms.


 Examples:
o Factory Method
o Builder
o Singleton

2. Structural Patterns

 Focus: Object and class composition.


 Examples:
o Adapter
o Decorator
3. Behavioral Patterns

 Focus: Communication between objects.


 Examples:
o Observer
o Strategy

5. Key Patterns

5.1 Factory Method

 Purpose: Replace direct object creation with factory methods.


 Example:
o Abstract Class: Logistics.
o Subclasses: RoadLogistics (returns Truck), SeaLogistics (returns Ship).
 Benefits: Adds new types of logistics without modifying existing code.

5.2 Builder

 Purpose: Step-by-step construction of complex objects.


 Example:
o HouseBuilder builds houses with various features.
 Benefits: Avoids large constructors and unnecessary parameters.

5.3 Singleton

 Purpose: Ensures a class has only one instance.


 Use Case: Database connections, configuration management.
 Key Idea: Private constructor and static access method.

5.4 Adapter

 Purpose: Converts one interface into another.


 Example:
o Converts XML data into JSON for a third-party library.
 Benefits: Enables compatibility between incompatible systems.

5.5 Decorator

 Purpose: Adds new functionality dynamically.


 Example:
o A Coffee object can have decorators like Milk or Chocolate.
 Benefits: Flexible extension of object behavior.
5.6 Observer

 Purpose: Establishes a subscription mechanism.


 Example:
o A Customer subscribes to a Store for product updates.
 Benefits: Reduces unnecessary checks and spam notifications.

5.7 Strategy

 Purpose: Encapsulates algorithms for interchangeability.


 Example:
o A football match has strategies like Attack or Defend.
 Benefits: Simplifies algorithm management and reduces code duplication.

6. Comparison Table

Pattern Category Purpose Example


Factory Method Creational Flexible object creation Logistics app with Truck and Ship
Step-by-step object
Builder Creational Building customizable House objects
construction
Singleton Creational Single instance enforcement Database connection
Adapter Structural Interface compatibility XML to JSON conversion
Decorator Structural Adding behavior dynamically Coffee with Milk or Chocolate
Customers subscribed to store
Observer Behavioral Subscription-based notification
updates
Strategy Behavioral Algorithm interchangeability Football match strategies

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