Lithuania

Lithuania,[b] officially the Republic of Lithuania,[c] is a

country in the Baltic region of Europe.[d] It is one of three Republic of Lithuania
Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, Lietuvos Respublika (Lithuanian)
bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and
south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of
Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border
with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of
65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), with a population of 2.88
Flag
million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major Coat of arms
cities include Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys.
Anthem:
Lithuanians belong to the linguistic group of the Balts and Tautiška giesmė
speak Lithuanian. "National Hymn"

For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea 0:00 / 0:00
were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s,
Lithuanian lands were united for the first time by
Mindaugas, who formed the Kingdom of Lithuania on 6
July 1253. Subsequent expansion and consolidation resulted
in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which by the 14th century
was the largest country in Europe. In 1386, the Grand
Duchy entered into a de facto personal union with the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The two realms were
united into the bi-confederal Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth in 1569, forming one of the largest and
most prosperous states in Europe. The Commonwealth
lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries Location of Lithuania (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey)
gradually dismantled it between 1772 and 1795, with the – in the European Union (green) –
Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory. [Legend]

Towards the end of World War I, Lithuania declared Capital Vilnius

and largest city 54°41′N 25°19′E
Independence in 1918, founding the modern Republic of
Lithuania. In World War II, Lithuania was occupied by the Official languages Lithuanian[1]
Soviet Union, then by Nazi Germany, before being Ethnic groups 82.6% Lithuanians
reoccupied by the Soviets in 1944. Lithuanian armed (2024[2]) 6.3% Poles
resistance to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 5.0% Russians
1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal 2.1% Belarusians
dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first 1.7% Ukrainians
Soviet republic to break away when it proclaimed the 2.3% others
restoration of its independence.
Religion (2021[3]) 79.4% Christianity
Lithuania is a developed country with a high income and an 74.2% Catholicism
5.2% other
advanced economy. Lithuania is a member of the European Christian
Union, the Council of Europe, the eurozone, the Nordic 6.1% no religion
Investment Bank, the Schengen Agreement, NATO, and 0.8% others
OECD. It also participates in the Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) 13.7% no answer
regional co-operation format.
Demonym(s) Lithuanian

Government Unitary semi-

presidential
Etymology republic[4][5][6][7]
• President Gitanas Nausėda
• Prime Minister Gintautas Paluckas
• Seimas Speaker Saulius Skvernelis
Legislature Seimas

Formation
• First mentioned 9 March 1009
Lithuania's name in writing (Litua, on • Grand Duchy 1236
line 7), 1009 • Coronation of 6 July 1253
Mindaugas
• Union with Poland 2 February 1386
The spelling of Lithuania was a later addition to the original
• Commonwealth 1 July 1569
Latinate Lituania since 1800 as a form of hyperforeignism created
(such as the word author being a superseding form of older • Partitioned 24 October 1795
autor) influenced by Greek loanwords with the theta; it is • Independence 16 February 1918
ultimately from Lithuanian: Lietuva.[24] The first known reinstated
record of Lietuva is in a 9 March 1009 story of Saint Bruno • Soviet occupation 19 June 1940
in the Quedlinburg Chronicle.[25] The Chronicle recorded a • Independence 11 March 1990
restored
Latinized form of the name Lietuva: Litua[26] (pronounced
[litua]). Due to lack of reliable evidence, the true meaning Area
of the name is unknown and scholars still debate it. There • Total 65,300 km2
(25,200 sq mi) (121st)
are a few plausible versions.[27]
• Water (%) 1.98 (2015)[8]
Lietava, a small river not far from Kernavė, the core area of Population
the early Lithuanian state and a possible first capital of the • 2024 estimate 2,885,891[9] (135th)
eventual Grand Duchy of Lithuania, is usually credited as • Density 44/km2 (114.0/sq mi)
the source of the name.[28] However, the river is very small (138th)
and some find it improbable that such a small and local GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate
object could have lent its name to an entire nation. On the • Total $144.585 billion[10]
other hand, such naming is not unprecedented in world (88th)
history.[29] • Per capita $50,600[10] (39th)

Artūras Dubonis proposed another hypothesis,[30] that GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate
Lietuva relates to the word leičiai (plural of leitis). From the • Total $81.979 billion[10]
(78th)
middle of the 13th century, leičiai were a distinct warrior
• Per capita $28,407[10] (40th)
social group of the Lithuanian society subordinate to the
Lithuanian ruler or the state itself. The word leičiai is used Gini (2022) 36.2[11]
in 14–16th century historical sources as an ethnonym for medium inequality

HDI (2022) 0.879[12]

very high (37th)

Currency Euro (€) (EUR)

Time zone UTC+2 (EET)

• Summer (DST) UTC+3 (EEST)
Lithuanians (but not Samogitians) and is still used, usually Date format yyyy-mm-dd[a][13][14]
poetically or in historical contexts, in the Latvian language,
Drives on Right
which is closely related to Lithuanian.[31][32][33]
Calling code +370

ISO 3166 code LT

History
Internet TLD .lt

Early history and Baltic tribes

The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded about
10,000 years ago.[34][35] The first people settled in the territory of
Lithuania after the last glacial period in the 10th millennium BC:
Kunda, Neman and Narva cultures.[36] They were traveling hunters. In
the 8th millennium BC the climate became warmer and forests
developed. The inhabitants of what is now Lithuania travelled less and
engaged in local hunting, gathering and fresh-water fishing. The Indo-
Baltic amber was a valuable trade Europeans, who arrived in the 3rd – 2nd millennium BC, mixed with
item, transported from the region of the local population and formed various Baltic tribes.[37] The Baltic
modern-day Lithuania to the Roman tribes did not maintain close cultural or political contacts with the
Empire through the Amber Road. Roman Empire,[38] while maintaining trade contacts via the amber
road.

From the 9th to the 11th centuries, coastal Balts were subjected to raids
by the Vikings.[39] Lithuania comprised mainly the culturally different
regions of Samogitia (known for its early medieval skeletal burials),
and further east Aukštaitija, or Lithuania Proper (known for its early
Ancient Kernavė hillforts
medieval cremation burials). The area was remote and unattractive to
outsiders, including traders, which accounts for its separate linguistic,
cultural and religious identity and delayed integration into general European patterns and trends.[40]
Traditional Lithuanian pagan customs and mythology, with many archaic elements, were long preserved.
Rulers' bodies were cremated up until the conversion to Christianity: the descriptions of the cremation
ceremonies of the grand dukes Algirdas and Kęstutis have survived.[41]

Kingdom of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish–Lithuanian

Commonwealth
The first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD.[44] Facing the German threat,
Mindaugas in the middle of the 13th century united a large part of the Baltic tribes and founded the State of
Lithuania, while in 1253 he was crowned as the Catholic King of Lithuania.[45][46] Moreover by taking
advantage of the weakened territory of the former Kievan Rus' due to the Mongol invasion, Mindaugas
incorporated Black Ruthenia into Lithuania.[45] After Mindaugas' assassination in 1263, pagan Lithuania was
again a target of the Christian crusades of the Teutonic Knights and Livonian Order.[47] Traidenis during his
reign (1269–1282) reunified all Lithuanian lands and achieved military successes against the Crusaders,
fighting alongside other Baltic tribes, but was unable to militarily assist the Old Prussians in their Great
Uprising.[48] Traidenis' main residence was in Kernavė.[48]
 From the late 13th century members of the Lithuanian Gediminids
dynasty began ruling Lithuania, who consolidated a hereditary
monarchy and the status of Vilnius as permanent capital city,
christianized Lithuania and by incorporating East Slavs' territories (e.g.
principalities of Minsk, Kyiv, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Smolensk, etc.)
significantly expanded the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's territory, which
reached ~650,000 km2 in the first half of the 14th century.[49] At the
end of the 14th century Lithuania was the largest country in
Europe.[42][43] In 1385, Lithuania formed a dynastic union with Poland
through the Union of Krewo.[49] Furthermore, in the late 14th–15th
centuries patrilineal members of the Lithuanian ruling Gediminids
dynasty ruled not only Lithuania and Poland, but Hungary, Croatia,
Bohemia, and Moldavia.[50][51] The German attacks on Lithuania were
ceased with a decisive Polish–Lithuanian victory in the Battle of
Grunwald in 1410 and by concluding the Treaty of Melno in 1422.[49]
Changes in the territory of Lithuania
from the 13th to 15th century. At its In the 15th century the strengthened Grand Duchy of Moscow renewed
peak, Lithuania was the largest the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars for the Lithuanian-controlled Eastern
state in Europe.[42][43] Orthodox territories.[49] Due to the unsuccessful beginning of the
Livonian War, loss of land to the Tsardom of Russia, and pressure by
monarch Sigismund II Augustus, a supporter of a close Polish–
Lithuanian union, the Lithuanian nobility agreed to conclude the Union
of Lublin in 1569 with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, which
created a new federative Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with a joint
monarch (holding both titles of the King of Poland and Grand Duke of
Lithuania), but Lithuania remained a separate state from Poland with its
own territory (~300 000 km2), coat of arms, management apparatus,
laws, courts, seal, army, treasury, etc.[52][49] After concluding the real
Trakai Island Castle, the former
union Lithuania and Poland jointly managed to reach military successes
residence of the Grand Dukes.
during the Livonian War, occupation of Moscow (1610), war with
Trakai was the capital of the
medieval state. Sweden (1600–1611), Smolensk war with Russia (1632–1634),
etc.[49][52] In 1588, Sigismund III Vasa personally confirmed the Third
Statute of Lithuania where it was stated that Lithuania and Poland have
equal rights within the Commonwealth and ensured the separation of
powers.[53] The real union strongly intensified the Polonization of
Lithuania and Lithuanian nobility.[54]

Panorama of Vilnius in 1600 The mid-17th century was marked with disastrous military loses for
Lithuania as during the Deluge most of the territory of Lithuania was
annexed by the Tsardom of Russia and even Lithuania's capital Vilnius
was fully captured for the first time by a foreign army and ravaged.[55] In 1655, Lithuania unilaterally seceded
from Poland, declared the Swedish King Charles X Gustav as the Grand Duke of Lithuania and fell under the
protection of the Swedish Empire.[56] However, by 1657 Lithuania was once again a part of the Polish–
Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Lithuanian revolt against the Swedes.[57] Vilnius was recaptured
from the Russians in 1661.[58]

In the second half of the 18th century the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was three times partitioned by
three neighboring countries which completely dissoluted both independent Lithuania and Poland from the
political map in 1795 after a failed Kościuszko Uprising and short-lived recapture of capital Vilnius in
1794.[49] Most of Lithuania's territory was annexed by the Russian Empire, while Užnemunė was annexed by
Prussia.[49]

Efforts to restore statehood

Following the annexation the Russian Tsarist authorities implemented
Russification policies in Lithuania, which then made a part of a new
administrative region Northwestern Krai.[60] In 1812 Napoleon during the
French invasion of Russia has established the puppet Lithuanian
Provisional Governing Commission to support his war efforts, however
after Napoleon's defeat the Russian rule was reinstated in Lithuania.[60]

During the November Uprising (1830–1831) the Lithuanians and Poles

jointly attempted to restore their statehoods, however the Russian victory
resulted in stricter Russification measures: the Russian language was
Emilia Plater leading peasant
introduced in all government institutions, Vilnius University was closed in
scythemen during the 1831
1832, and theories that Lithuania had been a "Western Russian" state since Uprising against Russian
its establishment were propagated.[60] Subsequently, the Lithuanians once Empire; often nicknamed as a
again tried to restore statehood by participating in the January Uprising Lithuanian Joan of Arc[59]
(1863–1864), but yet another Russian victory resulted in even stronger
Russification policies with the introduction of the Lithuanian press ban,
pressure on the Catholic Church in Lithuania and Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky's repressions.[60][61]

Simonas Daukantas promoted a return to Lithuania's pre-Commonwealth traditions, which he depicted as a

Golden Age of Lithuania and a renewal of the native culture, based on the Lithuanian language and customs.
With those ideas in mind, he wrote already in 1822 a history of Lithuania in Lithuanian – Darbai senųjų
lietuvių ir žemaičių (The Deeds of Ancient Lithuanians and Samogitians), though it was not published at that
time.[62] A colleague of S. Daukantas, Teodor Narbutt, wrote in Polish a voluminous Ancient History of the
Lithuanian Nation (1835–1841), where he likewise expounded and expanded further on the concept of historic
Lithuania, whose days of glory had ended with the Union of Lublin in 1569. Narbutt, invoking German
scholarship, pointed out the relationship between the Lithuanian and Sanskrit languages.[63]

The Lithuanians resisted Russification through an extensive network of Lithuanian book smugglers, secret
Lithuanian publishing and homeschooling.[64] Moreover, the Lithuanian National Revival, inspired by
Lithuanian history, language and culture, laid the foundations for the reestablishment of an independent
Lithuania.[65] The Great Seimas of Vilnius was held in 1905 and its participants adopted resolutions which
demanded a wide autonomy for Lithuania.[60]

Restored statehood and occupations

During World War I the German Empire annexed Lithuanian territories from the Russian Empire and they
became a part of Ober Ost.[66] In 1907, the Lithuanians organized the Vilnius Conference which adopted a
resolution, featuring the aspiration for the restoration of Lithuania's sovereignty and military alliance with
Germany and elected the Council of Lithuania.[66] In 1918, the short-lived Kingdom of Lithuania was
proclaimed; however on 16 February 1918 the Council of Lithuania adopted the Act of Independence of
Lithuania which restored Lithuania as democratic republic with its capital in Vilnius and separated that state
from all state relations that existed with other nations.[66] In 1918–1920 the Lithuanians defended the
statehood of Lithuania during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence with Bolsheviks, Bermontians and
Poles.[66] The aims of the newly restored Lithuania clashed with Józef Piłsudski's plans to create a federation
(Intermarium) in territories previously ruled by the Jagiellonians.[67] The
Lithuanian authorities prevented the 1919 Polish coup attempt in Lithuania
and in 1920 during the Żeligowski's Mutiny the Polish forces captured
Vilnius Region and established a puppet state of the Republic of Central
Lithuania, which in 1922 was incorporated into Poland.[66] Consequently,
Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania where the Constituent
Assembly of Lithuania was held and other primary Lithuanian institutions
operated until 1940.[68] In 1923, the Klaipėda Revolt was organized which Members of the Council of
unified the Klaipėda Region with Lithuania.[69] The 1926 Lithuanian coup Lithuania after signing the Act of
d'état replaced the democratically elected government and president with Independence of Lithuania in
1918
an authoritarian regime led by Antanas Smetona.[69]

In the late 1930s Lithuania has accepted the 1938 Polish ultimatum, 1939
German ultimatum and transferred the Klaipėda Region to Nazi Germany
and following the beginning of the World War II concluded the Soviet–
Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty.[70] In 1940 Lithuania has accepted
the Soviet ultimatum and recovered the control of historical capital
Vilnius, however the acceptance resulted in the Soviet occupation of
Lithuania and its transformation into the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist
Republic.[70] In 1941 during the June Uprising in Lithuania it was Lithuanian Armed Forces
attempted to restore independent Lithuania and the Red Army was returning to Vilnius in 1939
expelled from its territory, however in a few days Lithuania was occupied
by Nazi Germany.[70] In 1944 Lithuania was re-occupied by the Soviet
Union and Soviet political repressions along with Soviet deportations from Lithuania resumed.[70] Thousands
of Lithuanian partisans and their supporters attempted to militarily restore independent Lithuania, but their
resistance was eventually suppressed in 1953 by the Soviet authorities and their collaborators.[70] Jonas
Žemaitis, the chairman of the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters, was captured and executed in 1954, his
successor as chairman Adolfas Ramanauskas was brutally tortured and executed in 1957.[71][72] Since the late
1980s Sąjūdis movement sought for the restoration of independent Lithuania and in 1989 the Baltic Way was
held.[70]

1990–present

On 11 March 1990, the Supreme Council announced the restoration of Lithuania's independence.[73] After refusal
to revoke the Act, Soviet forces stormed the Seimas Palace while Lithuanians defended the democratically elected
Council. The Act, the first such declaration in the USSR, later was a model and inspiration to other Soviet
republics, and strongly influenced the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
On 11 March 1990, the Supreme Council announced the restoration of Lithuania's independence. Lithuania
became the first Soviet-occupied state to announce the restitution of independence.[74] On 20 April 1990, the
Soviets imposed an economic blockade by ceasing to deliver supplies of raw materials to Lithuania.[75] Not
only domestic industry, but also the population started feeling the lack of fuel, essential goods, and even hot
water. Although the blockade lasted for 74 days, Lithuania did not renounce the declaration of
independence.[76]

Gradually, economic relations were restored. However, tensions peaked again in January 1991. Attempts were
made to carry out a coup using the Soviet Armed Forces, the Internal Army of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
and the USSR Committee for State Security (KGB). Because of the poor economic situation in Lithuania, the
forces in Moscow thought the coup d'état would receive strong public support.[77] People flooded to Vilnius to
defend the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania and independence. The coup ended with a few
casualties and material loss. The Soviet Army killed 14 people and injured hundreds. A large part of the
Lithuanian population participated in the January Events.[78][79][76] On 31 July 1991, Soviet paramilitaries
killed 7 Lithuanian border guards on the Belarusian border in what became known as the Medininkai
Massacre.[76] On 17 September 1991, Lithuania was admitted to the United Nations.[76]

On 25 October 1992, citizens voted in a referendum to adopt the current constitution.[76] On 14 February 1993,
during the direct general elections, Algirdas Brazauskas became the first president after the restoration of
independence.[76] On 31 August 1993 the last units of the former Soviet Army left Lithuania.[80]

On 31 May 2001, Lithuania joined the World Trade Organization (WTO).[81] Since March 2004, Lithuania has
been part of NATO.[82] On 1 May 2004, it became a full member of the European Union,[83] and a member of
the Schengen Agreement in December 2007.[84] On 1 January 2015, Lithuania joined the eurozone and
adopted the European Union's single currency.[85] On 4 July 2018, Lithuania officially joined the OECD.[86]
Dalia Grybauskaitė was the first female President of Lithuania (2009–2019) and the first to be re-elected for a
second consecutive term.[87] On 24 February 2022, Lithuania declared a state of emergency in response to the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[88] Together with seven other NATO member states, it invoked NATO
Article 4 to hold consultations on security.[89] On 11–12 July 2023, the 2023 NATO summit was held in
Vilnius.[90]

Geography
Lithuania is located in the Baltic region of
Europe[d] and covers an area of 65,300 km2
(25,200 sq mi).[91] It lies between latitudes 53° and
57° N, and mostly between longitudes 21° and 27°
E (part of the Curonian Spit lies west of 21°). It has
around 99 kilometres (61.5 mi) of sandy coastline,
only about 38 kilometres (24 mi) of which face the
open Baltic Sea, less than the other two Baltic
states. The rest of the coast is sheltered by the
Curonian sand peninsula. Lithuania's major warm-
water port, Klaipėda, lies at the narrow mouth of
the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuanian: Kuršių marios),
a shallow lagoon extending south to Kaliningrad. Physical map and geomorphological subdivision of
Lithuania
The country's main and largest river, the Nemunas River, and some of its tributaries carry international
shipping.

Lithuania lies at the edge of the North European Plain. Its landscape was smoothed by the glaciers of the last
ice age, and is a combination of moderate lowlands and highlands. Its highest point is Aukštojas Hill at 294
metres (965 ft) in the eastern part of the country. The terrain features numerous lakes (Lake Vištytis, for
example) and wetlands, and a mixed forest zone covers over 33% of the country. Drūkšiai is the largest,
Tauragnas is the deepest and Asveja is the longest lake in Lithuania.

After a re-estimation of the boundaries of the continent of Europe in 1989, Jean-George Affholder, a scientist
at the Institut Géographique National (French National Geographic Institute), determined that the geographic
centre of Europe was in Lithuania, at 54°54′N 25°19′E, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lithuania's capital city
of Vilnius.[92] Affholder accomplished this by calculating the centre of gravity of the geometrical figure of
Europe.

Climate
Lithuania has a temperate climate with both maritime and continental influences. It is defined as humid
continental (Dfb) under the Köppen climate classification (but is close to oceanic in a narrow coastal zone).

Average temperatures on the coast are −2.5 °C (27.5 °F) in January and 16 °C (61 °F) in July. In Vilnius, the
average temperatures are −6 °C (21 °F) in January and 17 °C (63 °F) in July. During the summer, 20 °C
(68 °F) is common during the day, while 14 °C (57 °F) is common at night; in the past, temperatures have
reached as high as 30 or 35 °C (86 or 95 °F). Some winters can be very cold. −20 °C (−4 °F) occurs almost
every winter. Winter extremes are −34 °C (−29 °F) in coastal areas and −43 °C (−45 °F) in the east of
Lithuania.

The average annual precipitation is 800 mm (31.5 in) on the coast, 900 mm (35.4 in) in the Samogitia
highlands, and 600 mm (23.6 in) in the eastern part of the country. Snow occurs every year, and it can snow
from October to April. In some years, sleet can fall in September or May. The growing season lasts 202 days in
the western part of the country and 169 days in the eastern part. Severe storms are rare in the eastern part of
Lithuania but common in the coastal areas.

The longest records of measured temperature in the Baltic area cover about 250 years. The data show warm
periods during the latter half of the 18th century, and that the 19th century was a relatively cool period. An
early 20th-century warming culminated in the 1930s, followed by a smaller cooling that lasted until the 1960s.
A warming trend has persisted since then.[93]

Lithuania experienced a drought in 2002, causing forest and peat bog fires.[94]

Biodiversity and conservation

After the restoration of Lithuania's independence in 1990, the Aplinkos apsaugos įstatymas (Environmental
Protection Act) was adopted already in 1992. The law provided the foundations for regulating social relations
in the field of environmental protection, established the basic rights and obligations of legal and natural
persons in preserving the biodiversity inherent in Lithuania, ecological systems and the landscape.[96]
Lithuania agreed to cut carbon emissions by at least 20% of 1990 levels by 2020 and by at least 40% by 2030,
together with all European Union members. Also, by 2020 at least 20% (27% by 2030) of the country's total
energy consumption should be from the renewable energy sources.[97] In 2016, Lithuania introduced especially
effective container deposit legislation, which resulted in collecting 92% of all packagings in 2017.[98]
Lithuania does not have high mountains and its landscape is dominated by
blooming meadows, dense forests and fertile fields of cereals. However, it
stands out by the abundance of hillforts, which previously had castles
where the ancient Lithuanians burned altars for pagan gods.[99] Lithuania
is a particularly watered region with more than 3,000 lakes, mostly in the
northeast. The country is also drained by numerous rivers, most notably
the longest Nemunas.[99] Lithuania is home to two terrestrial ecoregions: Lithuanian flatlands with lakes,
Central European mixed forests and Sarmatic mixed forests.[100] swamps and forests. Lithuania
has thousands of lakes.
Forest has long been one of the most important natural resources in
Lithuania. Forests occupy one-third of the country's territory and timber-
related industrial production accounts for almost 11% of industrial
production in the country.[101] Lithuania has five national parks,[102] 30
regional parks,[103] 402 nature reserves,[104] 668 state-protected natural
Sand dunes of the Curonian Spit
heritage objects.[105] near Nida, which are the highest
drifting sand dunes in Europe
Lithuanian ecosystems include natural and semi-natural (forests, bogs, (UNESCO World Heritage
wetlands and meadows), and anthropogenic (agrarian and urban) Site)[95]
ecosystems. Among natural ecosystems, forests are particularly important
to Lithuania, covering 33% of the country's territory. Wetlands (raised
bogs, fens, transitional mires, etc.) cover 7.9% of the country, with 70%
of wetlands having been lost due to drainage and peat extraction
between 1960 and 1980. Changes in wetland plant communities
resulted in the replacement of moss and grass communities by trees and
shrubs, and fens not directly affected by land reclamation have become
drier as a result of a drop in the water table. There are 29,000 rivers
with a total length of 64,000 km in Lithuania, the Nemunas River basin
occupying 74% of the territory of the country. Due to the construction
of dams, approximately 70% of spawning sites of potential The white stork is the national bird
catadromous fish species have disappeared. In some cases, river and of Lithuania, which has the highest-
lake ecosystems continue to be impacted by anthropogenic density stork population in
Europe.[106][107]
eutrophication.[108]

Agricultural land comprises 54% of Lithuania's territory (roughly 70%

of that is arable land and 30% meadows and pastures), approximately 400,000 ha of agricultural land is not
farmed, and acts as an ecological niche for weeds and invasive plant species. Habitat deterioration is occurring
in regions with very productive and expensive lands as crop areas are expanded. Currently, 18.9% of all plant
species, including 1.87% of all known fungi species and 31% of all known species of lichens, are listed in the
Lithuanian Red Data Book. The list also contains 8% of all fish species.[108]

The wildlife populations have rebounded as the hunting became more restricted and urbanization allowed
replanting forests (forests already tripled in size since their lows). Currently, Lithuania has approximately
250,000 larger wild animals or 5 per each square kilometre. The most prolific large wild animal in every part
of Lithuania is the roe deer, with 120,000 of them. They are followed by boars (55,000). Other ungulates are
the deer (~22,000), fallow-deer (~21,000) and the largest one: moose (~7,000). Among the Lithuanian
predators, foxes are the most common (~27,000). Wolves are, however, more ingrained into the mythology as
there are just 800 in Lithuania. Even rarer are the lynxes (~200). The large animals mentioned above exclude
the rabbit, ~200,000 of which may live in the Lithuanian forests.[109]

Government and politics

Government
Since Lithuania declared the restoration of its independence on 11
March 1990, it has maintained strong democratic traditions. It held
its first independent general elections on 25 October 1992, in which
56.75% of voters supported the new constitution.[110] There were
intense debates concerning the constitution, particularly the role of
the president. A separate referendum was held on 23 May 1992 to
Seimas — Parliament of Lithuania
gauge public opinion on the matter, and 41% of voters supported the
restoration of the President of Lithuania.[110] Through compromise,
a semi-presidential system was agreed on.[4]

The Lithuanian head of state is the president, directly elected

for a five-year term and serving a maximum of two terms.
The president oversees foreign affairs and national security,
and is the commander-in-chief of the military.[111] The
president also appoints the prime minister and, on the latter's
nomination, the rest of the cabinet, as well as a number of
other top civil servants and the judges for all courts except the
Constitutional Court.[111] The current Lithuanian head of
state, Gitanas Nausėda was elected on 26 May 2019 by
unanimously winning in all municipalities of Lithuania in the Gitanas Nausėda,
Gintautas Paluckas,
second election round.[112] He was re-elected in 2024, President since 2019
Prime Minister since 2024
winning more than 74% of the run-off votes.[113]

The judges of the Constitutional Court (Konstitucinis

Teismas) serve nine-year terms. The court is renewed by a third every three years. The judges are appointed by
the Seimas, on the nomination of the President, Chairman of the Seimas, and the Chairman of the Supreme
Court,. The unicameral Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas, has 141 members who are elected to four-year
terms. 71 of the members of its members are elected in single-member constituencies, and the others in a
nationwide vote by proportional representation. A party must receive at least 5% of the national vote to be
eligible for any of the 70 national seats in the Seimas.[114]

Political parties and elections

Lithuania was one of the first countries in the world to grant women a right to vote in the elections. Lithuanian
women were allowed to vote by the 1918 Constitution of Lithuania and used their newly granted right for the
first time in 1919. By doing so, Lithuania allowed it earlier than such democratic countries as the United States
(1920), France (1945), Greece (1952), Switzerland (1971).[115]
Lithuania exhibits a fragmented multi-party system,[116] with a number of small parties in which coalition
governments are common. Ordinary elections to the Seimas take place on the second Sunday of October every
four years.[114] To be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 21 years old on the election day, not
under allegiance to a foreign state and permanently reside in Lithuania.[117] Persons serving or due to serve a
sentence imposed by the court 65 days before the election are not eligible. Also, judges, citizens performing
military service, and servicemen of professional military service and officials of statutory institutions and
establishments may not stand for election.[118] Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats won the
2020 Lithuanian parliamentary elections and gained 50 of 141 seats in the parliament.[119] In October 2020,
the prime ministerial candidate of Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD) Ingrida
Šimonytė formed a centre-right coalition with two liberal parties.[120]

The President of Lithuania is the head of state of the country, elected to

a five-year term in a majority vote. Elections take place on the last
Sunday no more than two months before the end of current presidential
term.[121] To be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 40
years old on the election day and reside in Lithuania for at least three
years, in addition to satisfying the eligibility criteria for a member of
the parliament. Same President may serve for not more than two
terms.[122] Gitanas Nausėda was elected as an independent candidate in
Commemoration of the Act of the
2019 and re-elected in 2024.[112][123] Re-Establishment of the State of
Lithuania in the historical Seimas
Each municipality in Lithuania is governed by a municipal council and hall where it was originally signed in
a mayor, who is a member of the municipal council. The number of 1990. The ceremony is attended by
members, elected on a four-year term, in each municipal council the Lithuanian President, Prime
depends on the size of the municipality and varies from 15 (in Minister, Chairman of the Seimas
municipalities with fewer than 5,000 residents) to 51 (in municipalities and other high-ranking officials.
with more than 500,000 residents). 1,524 municipal council members
were elected in 2015.[124] Members of the council, with the exception
of the mayor, are elected using proportional representation. Starting with 2015, the mayor is elected directly by
the majority of residents of the municipality.[125] Social Democratic Party of Lithuania won most of the
positions in the 2015 elections (372 municipal councils seats and 16 mayors).[126]

As of 2019, the number of seats in the European Parliament allocated to Lithuania was 11.[127] Ordinary
elections take place on a Sunday on the same day as in other EU countries. The vote is open to all citizens of
Lithuania, as well as citizens of other EU countries that permanently reside in Lithuania, who are at least 18
years old on the election day. To be eligible for election, candidates must be at least 21 years old on the
election day, a citizen of Lithuania or a citizen of another EU country permanently residing in Lithuania.
Candidates are not allowed to stand for election in more than one country. Persons serving or due to serve a
sentence imposed by the court 65 days before the election are not eligible. Also, judges, citizens performing
military service, and servicemen of professional military service and officials of statutory institutions and
establishments may not stand for election.[128] Six political parties and one committee representatives gained
seats in the 2019 elections.[129]

Law and law enforcement

The first attempt to codify the Lithuanian laws was in 1468 when the Casimir's Code was compiled and
adopted by Grand Duke Casimir IV Jagiellon.[130] In the 16th century three editions of the Statutes of
Lithuania were created with the First Statute being adopted in 1529, the Second Statute in 1566, and the Third
Statute in 1588.[130] On 3 May 1791, the Europe's first and the world's second
Constitution was adopted by the Great Sejm.[131] The Third Statute was partly
in force in the territory of Lithuania even until 1840, despite the Third Partition
of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795.[130]

In 1934–1935, Lithuania held the first mass trial of the Nazis in Europe, the
convicted were sentenced to imprisonment in a heavy labor prison and capital
punishments.[132]

After regaining of independence in 1990, the largely modified Soviet legal

codes were in force for about a decade. The current Constitution of Lithuania
was adopted on 25 October 1992.[133] In 2001, the Civil Code of Lithuania was
passed in Seimas. It was succeeded by the Criminal Code and Criminal
Procedure Code in 2003. The approach to the criminal law is inquisitorial, as
Statutes of Lithuania were
opposed to adversarial; it is generally characterised by an insistence on
the central piece of
formality and rationalisation, as opposed to practicality and informality. Lithuanian law in 1529–
Normative legal act enters into force on the next day after its publication in the 1795.
Teisės aktų registras, unless it has a later entry into force date.[134]

The European Union law is an integral part of the Lithuanian legal system since 1 May 2004.[135]

Lithuania, after breaking away from the Soviet Union, had a difficult crime situation, however, the Lithuanian
law enforcement agencies fought crime over the years, making Lithuania a reasonably safe country.[136] Crime
in Lithuania has been declining rapidly.[137] Law enforcement in Lithuania is primarily the responsibility of
local Lietuvos policija (Lithuanian Police) commissariats. They are supplemented by the Lietuvos policijos
antiteroristinių operacijų rinktinė Aras (Anti-Terrorist Operations Team of the Lithuanian Police Aras),
Lietuvos kriminalinės policijos biuras (Lithuanian Criminal Police Bureau), Lietuvos policijos kriminalistinių
tyrimų centras (Lithuanian Police Forensic Research Center) and Lietuvos kelių policijos tarnyba (Lithuanian
Road Police Service).[138]

In 2017, there were 63,846 crimes registered in Lithuania. Of these,

thefts comprised a large part with 19,630 cases (13.2% less than in
2016). While 2,835 crimes were serious and very serious (crimes that
may lead to more than six years imprisonment), which is 14.5% less
than in 2016. In total, 129 homicides or attempted homicide occurred
(19.9% less than in 2016), while serious bodily harm was registered
178 times (17.6% less than in 2016). Another problematic crime
Lithuanian police cruiser in contraband cases also decreased by 27.2% from 2016 numbers.
Gediminas Avenue, Vilnius Meanwhile, crimes in electronic data and information technology
security fields noticeably increased by 26.6%.[139] In the 2013 Special
Eurobarometer, 29% of Lithuanians said that corruption affects their
daily lives (EU average 26%). Moreover, 95% of Lithuanians regarded corruption as widespread in their
country (EU average 76%), and 88% agreed that bribery and the use of connections is often the easiest way of
obtaining certain public services (EU average 73%).[140] Though, according to local branch of Transparency
International, corruption levels have been decreasing over the past decade.[141]
Capital punishment in Lithuania was suspended in 1996 and eliminated in 1998.[142] Lithuania has the highest
number of prison inmates in the EU. According to scientist Gintautas Sakalauskas, this is not because of a high
criminality rate in the country, but due to Lithuania's high repression level and the lack of trust of the
convicted, who are frequently sentenced to imprisonment.[143]

Administrative divisions
The current system of
Latvia
administrative division was
established in 1994 and
modified in 2000 to meet the Telšiai County Panevėžys County
requirements of the European Šiauliai County
Union. The country's 10Baltic Sea
counties (Lithuanian: singular – Klaipėda
Utena County
apskritis, plural – apskritys) are County
subdivided into 60 Tauragė County

municipalities (Lithuanian:
Kaunas County
singular – savivaldybė, plural –
savivaldybės), and further Russia Vilnius County Belarus
divided into 500 elderships Marijampolė
County
(Lithuanian: singular –
seniūnija, plural – seniūnijos).
Alytus County
There are also 5 distinct
Poland
cultural regions in Lithuania –
Dzūkija, Aukštaitija, Suvalkija,
Samogitia and Lithuania Minor, which are
recognized by the state.

Municipalities have been the most important unit

of administration in Lithuania since the system of
county governorship (apskrities viršininkas) was
dissolved in 2010.[144] Some municipalities are
historically called "district municipalities" (often
shortened to "district"), while others are called
"city municipalities" (sometimes shortened to
"city"). Each has its own elected government. The
election of municipality councils originally
occurred every three years, but now takes place Map of Cultural regions of Lithuania:
every four years. The council appoints elders to Lithuania Minor (Mažoji Lietuva)
govern the elderships. Mayors have been directly Samogitia (Žemaitija)
elected since 2015; prior to that, they were Highland (Aukštaitija)
appointed by the council.[145] Dainava (Dzūkija)
Sudovia (Suvalkija)
Elderships, numbering over 500, are the smallest
administrative units and do not play a role in
national politics. They provide necessary local public services—for example, registering births and deaths in
rural areas. They are most active in the social sector, identifying needy individuals or families and organizing
and distributing welfare and other forms of relief.[146] Some citizens feel that elderships have no real power
and receive too little attention, and that they could otherwise become a source of local initiative for addressing
rural problems.[147]

GDP GDP per

Area Population
County (billion capita
(km2) (2023)[148]
EUR)[149] (EUR)[149]

Alytus County 5,425 135,367 1.8 13,600

Kaunas County 8,089 580,333 13.7 23,900

Klaipėda County 5,209 336,104 7.0 21,300

Marijampolė County 4,463 135,891 2.0 14,400

Panevėžys County 7,881 211,652 3.6 17,100

Šiauliai County 8,540 261,764 4.6 17,600

Tauragė County 4,411 90,652 1.2 13,200

Telšiai County 4,350 131,431 2.2 16,900

Utena County 7,201 125,462 1.7 13,800

Vilnius County 9,731 851,346 29.4 35,300

Lithuania 65,300 2,860,002 67.4 23,800

Foreign relations
Lithuania became a member of the United Nations on 18 September 1991, and is a signatory to a number of its
organizations and other international agreements. It is also a member of the European Union, the Council of
Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, as well as NATO and its adjunct North Atlantic
Coordinating Council. Lithuania gained membership in the World Trade Organization on 31 May 2001, and
joined the OECD on 5 July 2018,[150] while also seeking membership in other Western organizations.

Lithuania has established diplomatic relations with 149 countries.[151]

In 2011, Lithuania hosted the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Ministerial Council
Meeting. During the second half of 2013, Lithuania assumed the role of the presidency of the European Union.

Lithuania is also active in developing cooperation among northern

European countries. It is a member of the interparliamentary Baltic
Assembly, the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers and the
Council of the Baltic Sea States.

Lithuania also cooperates with Nordic and the two other Baltic
countries through the Nordic-Baltic Eight format. A similar format,
NB6, unites Nordic and Baltic members of EU. NB6's focus is to
discuss and agree on positions before presenting them to the Council of Stamp dedicated to Lithuania's
the European Union and at the meetings of EU foreign affairs ministers. presidency of the European Union.
Post of Lithuania, 2013.
The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) was established in
Copenhagen in 1992 as an informal regional political forum. Its main
aim is to promote integration and to close contacts between the region's countries. The members of CBSS are
Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Russia, and the
European Commission. Its observer states are Belarus, France, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain,
the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ukraine.

The Nordic Council of Ministers and Lithuania engage in political cooperation to attain mutual goals and to
determine new trends and possibilities for joint cooperation. The council's information office aims to
disseminate Nordic concepts and to demonstrate and promote Nordic cooperation.

Lithuania, together with the five Nordic countries and the two other
Baltic countries, is a member of the Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) and
cooperates in its NORDPLUS programme, which is committed to
education.

The Baltic Development Forum (BDF) is an independent nonprofit

organization that unites large companies, cities, business associations
and institutions in the Baltic Sea region. In 2010 the BDF's 12th Lithuania was a member of the
summit was held in Vilnius.[152] United Nations Security Council. Its
representatives are on the right
side.
Poland was highly supportive of Lithuanian independence, despite
Lithuania's discriminatory treatment of its Polish minority.[153][154] The
former Solidarity leader and Polish President Lech Wałęsa criticised the government of Lithuania over
discrimination against the Polish minority and rejected Lithuania's Order of Vytautas the Great.[155] Lithuania
maintains greatly warm mutual relations with Georgia and strongly supports its European Union and NATO
aspirations.[156][157][158] During the Russo-Georgian War in 2008, when the Russian troops were occupying
the territory of Georgia and approaching towards the Georgian capital Tbilisi, President Valdas Adamkus,
together with the Polish and Ukrainian presidents, went to Tbilisi by answering to the Georgians request of the
international assistance.[159][160] Shortly, Lithuanians and the Lithuanian Catholic Church also began
collecting financial support for the war victims.[161][162]

In 2004–2009, Dalia Grybauskaitė served as European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the
Budget within the José Manuel Barroso-led Commission.[163][164]

In 2013, Lithuania was elected to the United Nations Security Council

for a two-year term,[165] becoming the first Baltic country elected to
this post. During its membership, Lithuania actively supported Ukraine
and often condemned Russia for the war in Ukraine, immediately
earning vast Ukrainians esteem.[166][167] As the war in Donbas
progressed, President Dalia Grybauskaitė has compared the Russian
President Vladimir Putin to Josef Stalin and to Adolf Hitler, she has
also called Russia a "terrorist state".[168]
Guests of the 2023 Vilnius (NATO)
summit in the Courtyard of the
In 2018 Lithuania, along with Latvia and Estonia were awarded the
Presidential Palace in Vilnius
Peace of Westphalia Prize – for their exceptional model of democratic
development and contribution to peace in the continent.[169] In 2019
Lithuania condemned the Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria.[170] In December 2021, Lithuania
reported that in an escalation of the diplomatic spat with China over its relations with Taiwan,[171] China had
stopped all imports from Lithuania.[172] According to Lithuanian intelligence agencies, in 2023 there was an
increase in Chinese intelligence activity against Lithuania, including cyberespionage and increased focus on
Lithuania's internal affairs and foreign policy.[173]
The 2023 NATO summit was held in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius.[174]

Military
The Lithuanian Armed Forces is the name for the unified armed forces
of Lithuanian Land Force, Lithuanian Air Force, Lithuanian Naval
Force, Lithuanian Special Operations Force and other units: Logistics
Command, Training and Doctrine Command, Headquarters Battalion,
Military Police. Directly subordinated to the Chief of Defence are the
Special Operations Forces and Military Police. The Reserve Forces are
Lithuanian Army soldiers with their
under command of the Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces. NATO allies during Iron Sword 2014

The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of some 20,000 active personnel,

which may be supported by reserve forces.[175] Compulsory
conscription ended in 2008 but was reintroduced in 2015.[176] The
Lithuanian Armed Forces currently have 30 soldiers and officers
participating in nine international operations and European Union
training missions deployed in Kosovo, Iraq, Central African Republic,
Djibouti, Mozambique, Spain, Italy, and in the United Kingdom,
providing training for Ukrainian soldiers on Operation
Interflex.[177][178] Lithuanian Army soldiers marching
with their dress uniforms in Vilnius.
Lithuania became a full member of NATO in March 2004. Fighter jets An officer stands out with a sword.
of NATO members are deployed in Šiauliai Air Base and provide safety
for the Baltic airspace.

Beginning in summer of 2005, Lithuania was part of the International Security Assistance Force in
Afghanistan (ISAF), leading a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) in the town of Chaghcharan in the
province of Ghor. The PRT included personnel from Denmark, Iceland and the US. There were also special
operation forces units in Afghanistan, placed in Kandahar Province. Since joining international operations in
1994, Lithuania has lost two soldiers: Lt. Normundas Valteris fell in Bosnia, as his patrol vehicle drove over a
mine. Sgt. Arūnas Jarmalavičius was fatally wounded during an attack on the camp of his Provincial
Reconstruction Team in Afghanistan.[179]

The Lithuanian National Defence Policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and
sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land, territorial waters and airspace, and its constitutional order. Its
main strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, and to maintain and expand the capabilities of its
armed forces so they may contribute to and participate in the missions of NATO and European Union member
states.[180]

The defense ministry is responsible for combat forces, search and rescue, and intelligence operations. The
5,000 border guards fall under the Interior Ministry's supervision and are responsible for border protection,
passport and customs duties, and share responsibility with the navy for smuggling and drug trafficking
interdiction. A special security department handles VIP protection and communications security. In 2015
National Cyber Security Centre of Lithuania was created. Paramilitary organisation Lithuanian Riflemen's
Union acts as a civilian self-defence institution.

According to NATO, in 2020, Lithuania allocated 2.13% of its GDP to the national defense.[181] For a long
time, especially after the global financial crisis in 2008, Lithuania lagged behind NATO allies in terms of
defence spending. However, in recent years it has begun to rapidly increase the funding, exceeding the NATO
guideline of 2% in 2019.

Lithuania's president Gitanas Nausėda called for more NATO troops on 22 April 2022, saying NATO should
increase its deployment of troops in Lithuania and elsewhere on Europe's eastern flank following Russia's
invasion of Ukraine, during a meeting in Vilnius.[182]

Economy
Lithuania has an open and mixed economy that is classified as a high-
income economy by the World Bank.[184] As of 2017 the three largest
sectors were – services (67% of GDP), industry (29%) and agriculture
(3%).[185] Lithuania joined NATO in 2004,[186] EU in 2004,[187]
Schengen in 2007[188] and OECD in 2018.[150] On 1 January 2015, the
euro became the national currency, replacing litas at the rate of EUR
1.00 = LTL 3.45280.[189]

Agricultural products and food comprise 18% of exports; other major Real GDP per capita development
sectors include chemical products and plastics (18%), machinery and of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
appliances (16%), mineral products (15%), wood and furniture
(13%).[190] As of 2016 more than half of exports go to 7 countries
including Russia (14%), Latvia (10%), Poland (9%), Germany (8%),
Estonia (5%), Sweden (%) and the UK (4%).[191] Exports equaled 81%
of GDP in 2017.[192]

GDP experienced very high real growth rates for the decade up to 2009,
peaking at 11% in 2007. As a result, the country was often termed a
Baltic Tiger. However, in 2009 due to the 2007–2008 financial crisis,
GDP contracted 15%[193] and unemployment rate reached 17.8% in Lithuanian counties by GDP per
2010.[194] Growth has since been much slower. According to the IMF, capita, 2022[149]

financial conditions are conducive to growth and financial soundness

indicators remain strong. The public debt ratio in 2016 was 40% of
GDP, it had been 15% in 2008.[195]

On average, more than 95% of all foreign direct investment comes from
EU countries. Sweden is historically the largest investor with 20% – 30%
of FDI.[196] FDI into Lithuania spiked in 2017, reaching its highest ever
recorded number of greenfield investment projects. In 2017, Lithuania was
third, after Ireland and Singapore by the average job value of investment Lithuania's GDP per capita
projects.[197] The US was the leading source country in 2017, 25% of total compared to rest of the world
FDI. Next up were Germany and the UK, each representing 11% of total (2022)[183]
project numbers.[198] Based on the Eurostat's data, in 2017, the value of
exports recorded the most rapid growth not only in the Baltic countries,
but across Europe, which was 17%.[199]

Between 2004 and 2016, one out of five Lithuanians emigrated, primarily due to insufficient income for
residents;[200] secondarily seeking to study. Long term emigration and economic growth has resulted in a
shortage in the labor market[201] and growth in salaries being larger than growth in labor efficiency.[202]
Unemployment in 2017 was 8%.[203]
As of 2022, Lithuanian median wealth per adult was $32,000 (mean was $70,000), while total national wealth
was $147bn.[204] As of 2023 Q2, the average monthly gross salary in Lithuania was €2,000.[205]

Lithuania has a flat tax rather than a progressive scheme. The personal income tax (15%) and corporate tax
(15%) rates are among the lowest in the EU.[206] The country has the lowest implicit rate of tax on capital
(9.8%) in the EU. The corporate tax rate is 15% and 5% for small businesses; 7 free economic zones
operate.[207]

Information technology production is growing, reaching €2 billion in 2016.[208] In 2017 only, 35[209] FinTech
companies came to Lithuania – a result of the government and Bank of Lithuania simplifying procedures.[210]
Lithuania has granted a total of 39 e-money licenses, second in the EU only to the UK with 128 licenses. In
2018 Google set up a payment company in Lithuania.[211] Europe's first international Blockchain Centre
launched in Vilnius in 2018.[212] Since 2021, Lithuania has issued hundreds of licenses for cryptocurrency
exchange and storage operations, making it one of the leading countries in the EU in this sector.[213]

Agriculture
Agriculture in Lithuania dates to the Neolithic period, about 3,000 to 1,000 BC. It has been one of Lithuania's
most important occupations for many centuries.[214] Lithuania's accession to the European Union in 2004
ushered in a new agricultural era. The EU pursues a very high standard of food safety and purity. In 1999, the
Seimas (parliament) of Lithuania adopted a Law on Product Safety, and in 2000 it adopted a Law on
Food.[215][216] The reform of the agricultural market has been carried out on the basis of these two laws.

In 2016, agricultural production was €2.3 billion. Cereal crops occupied the largest part (5710 tons), other
significant types include: sugar beet (934 tons), rapeseed (393 tons) and potatoes (340 tons). Products totaling
€4,385 million were exported to foreign markets, of which products for €3,165 million were of Lithuanian
origin. Export of agricultural and food products accounted for 19% of all exports of goods.[217]

Organic farming is becoming more popular. The status of organic growers and producers is granted by the
public body Ekoagros. In 2016, there were 2539 such farms that occupied 225,542 hectares. Of these, 43%
were cereals, 31% perennial grasses, 14% leguminous crops and 12% others.[218]

Science and technology

Lithuanian nobleman and artillery expert Kazimieras Simonavičius developed and popularized the concept of a
multistage rocket.
The foundation of the University of Vilnius in 1579 was a major factor in fostering a scientific and academic
community within Lithuania. The university has welcomed such prominent scientists and thinkers as Georg
Forster, Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert, Johann Peter Frank. The 17th century artillery expert Kazimieras
Simonavičius is considered a pioneer of rocketry; his publication, the Artis Magnae Artilleriae, was a basic
artillery manual throughout Europe, containing a large chapter on caliber, construction, production and
properties of rockets (for military and civil purposes), including multistage rockets, batteries of rockets, and
rockets with delta wing stabilizers.[219][220] Botanist Jurgis Pabrėža (1771–1849) created the first systematic
guide of Lithuanian flora, Taislius auguminis (Botany), written in the Samogitian dialect, the Latin-Lithuanian
dictionary of plant names, and the first Lithuanian geography textbook. German scientist Theodor Grotthuss
(1785–1822), who proposed the Grotthuss mechanism, lived and worked in the Gedučiai manor, where he
gained local prominence for his effort to educate and improve the well-being of peasants.[221]

The world wars of the 20th century severely diminished Lithuanian science and academia, although Lithuanian
scholars and scientists managed to succeed, particularly abroad, including philosopher Vosylius Sezemanas,
jurist Mykolas Römeris, aviator Antanas Gustaitis, management theorist Vytautas Andrius Graičiūnas,
archaeologist Marija Gimbutas, primatologist Birutė Galdikas, linguist Algirdas Julien Greimas, and
medievalist Jurgis Baltrušaitis.[222][223][224][225][226] Mathematician Jonas Kubilius, long-term rector of the
University of Vilnius, is known for works in Probabilistic number theory, including the Kubilius model,
Theorem of Kubilius and the Turán–Kubilius inequality. Kubilius also successfully resisted attempts to Russify
the university.[227]

Lasers and biotechnology are flagship fields of the Lithuanian science and high-tech industry.[228][229] Šviesos
konversija ("Light Conversion") has developed a femtosecond laser system that has 80% market share
worldwide, with applications in DNA research, ophthalmological surgeries, and nanotechnology.[230][231] The
Vilnius University Laser Research Center has developed one of the most powerful femtosecond lasers in the
world dedicated primarily to oncological diseases.[232] In 1963, Vytautas Straižys and his colleagues created
Vilnius photometric system that is used in astronomy.[233] Noninvasive intracranial pressure and blood flow
measuring devices were developed by KTU scientist A. Ragauskas.[234] Kęstutis Pyragas contributed to the
study of chaos theory with his method of delayed feedback control, the Pyragas method. Kavli Prize laureate
Virginijus Šikšnys is known for his discoveries in CRISPR, namely with respect to CRISPR-Cas9.[235][236]

Lithuania has launched three satellites to space: LitSat-1, Lituanica SAT-1 and LituanicaSAT-2.[237] Lithuanian
Museum of Ethnocosmology and Molėtai Astronomical Observatory is located in Kulionys.[238] Fifteen R&D
institutions are members of Lithuanian Space Association; Lithuania is a cooperating state with European
Space Agency.[239][240] Rimantas Stankevičius is the only ethnically Lithuanian astronaut.[241]

Lithuania in 2018 became an Associated Member State of CERN.[242] Two CERN incubators in Vilnius and
Kaunas will be hosted.[243] The most advanced scientific research is being conducted at the Life Sciences
Center,[244] Center For Physical Sciences and Technology.[245]

As of 2016 calculations, yearly growth of Lithuania's biotech and life science sector was 22% over the past 5
years. 16 academic institutions, 15 R&D centres (science parks and innovation valleys) and more than 370
manufacturers operate in the Lithuanian life science and biotech industry.[246]

In 2008 the Valley development programme was started aiming to upgrade Lithuanian scientific research
infrastructure and encourage business and science cooperation. Five R&D Valleys were launched – Jūrinis
(maritime technologies), Nemunas (agro, bioenergy, forestry), Saulėtekis (laser and light, semiconductor),
Santara (biotechnology, medicine), Santaka (sustainable chemistry and pharmacy).[247] Lithuanian Innovation
Center is created to provide support for innovations and research institutions.[248]
Lithuania ranks moderately in the International Innovation Index,[249] and is placed 15th among EU countries
by the European Innovation Scoreboard.[250] Lithuania was ranked 35th in the Global Innovation Index in
2024.[251]

Tourism
Statistics from 2023 showed 1.4 million tourists from foreign countries
visited Lithuania and spent at least one night. The largest number of
tourists came from Poland (173,500), Latvia (144,300), Belarus
(141,900), Germany (127,400), the United Kingdom (74,200), the
United States (69,700), Ukraine (67,000), and Estonia (61,300).[252]

Domestic tourism has been on the rise as well. Currently there are up to
1000 places of attraction in Lithuania. Most tourists visit the big cities
Druskininkai is a popular spa town.
—Vilnius, Klaipėda, and Kaunas, seaside resorts, such as Neringa,
Palanga, and Spa towns – Druskininkai, Birštonas.[253]

Hot air ballooning is popular, especially in Vilnius and Trakai. Bicycle tourism is growing, especially the
Lithuanian Seaside Cycle Route. EuroVelo routes EV10, EV11, EV13 go through Lithuania. The total length
of bicycle tracks amounts to 3769 km (of which 1988 km is asphalt pavement).[254] Nemunas Delta Regional
Park and Žuvintas biosphere reserve are known for birdwatching.[255]

The total contribution of tourism to GDP had been forecast to rise to €3.2 billion, 7% of GDP by 2027,[256] but
has decreased to €1.7 billion, 2.3% of GDP in 2023, although it is rising post COVID-19 pandemic.[257]

Infrastructure

Communication
Lithuania has a well developed communications infrastructure. The country has
2.8 million citizens[258] and 5 million SIM cards.[259] The largest LTE (4G)
mobile network covers 97% of Lithuania's territory.[260] Usage of fixed phone
lines has been rapidly decreasing due to rapid expansion of mobile-cellular
services.[261]

In 2017, Lithuania was top 30 in the world by average mobile broadband

speeds and top 20 by average fixed broadband speeds.[262] Lithuania was also
top 7 in 2017 in the List of countries by 4G LTE penetration. In 2016,
Lithuania was ranked 17th in United Nations' e-participation index.[263][264]

There are four TIER III datacenters in Lithuania.[265] Lithuania is 44th globally
ranked country on data center density according to Cloudscene.[266]
Telia (skyscraper with the
old Teo LT logo) and
Long-term project (2005–2013) – Development of Rural Areas Broadband Huawei headquarters in
Network (RAIN) was started with the objective to provide residents, state and Vilnius
municipal authorities and businesses with fibre-optic broadband access in rural
areas. RAIN infrastructure allows 51 communications operators to provide
network services to their clients. The project was funded by the European Union and the Lithuanian
government.[267][268] 72% of Lithuanian households have access to internet, a number which in 2017 was
among EU's lowest[269] and in 2016 ranked 97th by CIA World Factbook.[270] Number of households with
internet access is expected to increase and reach 77% by 2021.[271] Almost 50% of Lithuanians had
smartphones in 2016, a number that is expected to increase to 65% by 2022.[272] Lithuania has the highest
FTTH (Fiber to the home) penetration rate in Europe (36.8% in September 2016) according to FTTH Council
Europe.[273]

Transport
Lithuania received its first railway connection in the middle of the 19th
century, when the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway was constructed.
It included a stretch from Daugavpils via Vilnius and Kaunas to
Virbalis. The first and only still operating tunnel was completed in
1860.

Rail transport in Lithuania consists of 1,762 km (1,095 mi) of

1,520 mm (4 ft 11.8 in) Russian gauge railway of which 122 km
(76 mi) are electrified. This railway network is incompatible with
Major highways in Lithuania European standard gauge and requires train switching. However,
Lithuanian railway network also has 115 km (71 mi) of standard gauge
lines.[274] More than half of all inland freight transported in Lithuania is
carried by rail.[275] The Trans-European standard gauge Rail Baltica railway, linking Helsinki–Tallinn–Riga–
Kaunas–Warsaw and continuing on to Berlin is under construction. In 2017, Lietuvos Geležinkeliai, a
company that operates most railway lines in Lithuania, received EU penalty for breaching EU's antitrust laws
and restricting competition.[276]

Transportation is the third largest sector in Lithuanian economy.[277] Lithuanian transport companies drew
attention in 2016[278] and 2017[279] with huge and record-breaking orders of trucks. Almost 90% of
commercial truck traffic in Lithuania is international transports, the highest of any EU country.[280]

Lithuania has an extensive network of motorways. WEF grades Lithuanian

roads at 4.7 / 7.0[281] and Lithuanian road authority (LAKD) at 6.5 / 10.0.[282]

The Port of Klaipėda is the only commercial cargo port in Lithuania. In 2011
45.5 million tons of cargo were handled (including Būtingė oil terminal
figures)[283] Port of Klaipėda is outside of EU's 20 largest ports,[284][285] but it
is the eighth largest port in the Baltic Sea region[286][287] with ongoing
expansion plans.[288] Marijampolė railway station,
completed in 1924
As of 2022, the LIWA (Lithuanian Inland Waterways Authority, Vidaus
vandens keliu direkcija in Lithuanian) is developing a strategy to resurrect
cargo shipping on the Nemunas. Its fleet of electric ships will travel 260 km between the port of Klaipda on the
Baltic Sea coast and the industrial and transportation centre of Kaunas.[289] The project is anticipated to need a
€75.7 million initial investment in total. and estimated to eliminate 48 000 truck trips annually.[290][291]
Vilnius International Airport is the largest airport in Lithuania, 91st busiest airport in Europe (EU's 100 largest
airports). It served 3.8 million passengers in 2016.[292] Other international airports include Kaunas
International Airport, Palanga International Airport and Šiauliai International Airport. Kaunas International
Airport is also a small commercial cargo airport which started regular commercial cargo traffic in 2011.[293]
The inland river cargo port in Marvelė, linking Kaunas and Klaipėda, received first cargo in 2019.[294]

Energy
Systematic diversification of energy imports and resources is
Lithuania's key energy strategy.[295] Long-term aims were defined in
National Energy Independence strategy in 2012 by Lietuvos
Seimas.[296] It was estimated that strategic energy independence
initiatives will cost €6.3–7.8 billion in total and provide annual savings
of €0.9–1.1 billion.

After the decommissioning of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant,

Lithuania turned from electricity exporter to electricity importer. Unit FSRU Independence in port of
No. 1 was closed in December 2004, as a condition of Lithuania's entry Klaipėda
into the European Union; Unit No. 2 was closed down on 31 December
2009. Proposals have been made to construct a new – Visaginas
Nuclear Power Plant in Lithuania.[297] However, a non-binding referendum held in October 2012 clouded the
prospects for the Visaginas project, as 63% of voters said no to a new nuclear power plant.[298]

The country's main primary source of electrical power is Elektrėnai

Power Plant. Other primary sources of Lithuania's electrical power are
Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant and Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant.
Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant is the only in the Baltic states power
plant to be used for regulation of the power system's operation with
generating capacity of 900 MW for at least 12 hours.[299] As of 2015,
66% of electrical power was imported.[300] First geothermal heating
plant (Klaipėda Geothermal Demonstration Plant) in the Baltic Sea
Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant region was built in 2004.

Lithuania–Sweden submarine electricity interconnection NordBalt and

Lithuania–Poland electricity interconnection LitPol Link were launched at the end of 2015.[301]

In 2018, synchronising the Baltic states' electricity grid with the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe has
started.[302] In 2016, 20.8% of electricity consumed in Lithuania came from renewable sources.[303]

In order to break down Gazprom's monopoly[304][305] in natural gas market of Lithuania, first large scale LNG
import terminal (Klaipėda LNG FSRU) in the Baltic region was built in port of Klaipėda in 2014. The
Klaipėda LNG terminal was called Independence, thus emphasising the aim to diversify energy market of
Lithuania. Norwegian company Equinor supplies 540 million cubic metres (19 billion cubic feet) of natural
gas annually from 2015 until 2020.[306] The terminal is able to meet the Lithuania's demand 100 percent, and
Latvia's and Estonia's national demand 90 percent in the future.[307] Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania
(GIPL), also known as Lithuania–Poland pipeline, is a natural gas pipeline interconnection between Lithuania
and Poland that became operational in 2022.

Demographics
Since the Neolithic period, the demographics of Lithuania
have stayed fairly homogenous. There is a high probability
that the inhabitants of present-day Lithuania have similar
genetic compositions to their ancestors,[308][309][310]
although without being actually isolated from them.[311]
The Lithuanian population appears to be relatively
homogeneous, without apparent genetic differences among
ethnic subgroups.[312]

A 2004 analysis of MtDNA in the Lithuanian population

revealed that Lithuanians are genetically close to the Slavic
and Finno-Ugric speaking populations of Northern and
Eastern Europe. Y-chromosome SNP haplogroup analysis Population density of Lithuania
showed Lithuanians to be genetically closest to Latvians
and Estonians.[313]

In 2021, the age structure of the population was as follows:

0–14 years, 14.86% (male 214,113/female 203,117)

15–64 years: 65.19% (male 896,400/female 934,467)
65 years and over: 19.95% (male 195,269/female 365,014).[314]
The median age in 2022 was 44 years (male: 41, female: 47).[314]

Lithuania has a sub-replacement fertility rate: the total fertility rate (TFR) in Lithuania was 1.34 children born
per woman in 2021, and the mean age of women at childbirth was 30.3 years. The average age of first
childbirth for women was 28.2 years. The human sex ratio is male leaning for the age categories 15–44, with
1.0352 males for every female.[314] As of 2021, 25.6% of births were to unmarried women. The mean age at
first marriage in 2021 was 28.3 years for women and 30.5 years for men.[314]

Functional urban areas

Population
Functional urban areas[315] (2023)

Vilnius urban area 747,864

Kaunas urban area 403,375

Panevėžys urban area 122,860

Ethnic groups and languages

Residents of Lithuania by ethnicity
(2024)[316]
Lithuania has the most homogeneous population in the Lithuanians 82.6%
Baltic States. Ethnic Lithuanians make up about five- Poles 6.3%
Russians 5.0%
sixths of the country's population. In 2024, 82.6% of the
Belarusians 2.1%
2,809,977 Lithuania's residents were ethnic Lithuanians Ukrainians 1.7%
who speak Lithuanian, which is the official language of Others 2.3%
the country. Several sizeable minorities exist, such as
Poles (6.3%), Russians (5.0%), Belarusians (2.1%) and
Ukrainians (1.7%).[317]

Poles in Lithuania are the largest minority, concentrated in southeast Lithuania (the Vilnius region),
constituting majority in Šalčininkai (76.3%) and Vilnius District Municipality (46.8%). Russians in Lithuania
are the second largest minority, concentrated in Visaginas (47.4%), Zarasai District Municipality (17.2%) and
Klaipėda (16%).[317] About 2,250 Roma live in Lithuania, mostly in Vilnius, Kaunas and Panevėžys; their
organizations are supported by the National Minority and Emigration Department.[318] For centuries, Tatar and
Karaite communities have lived in Lithuania. In 2021, there were around 2,150 registered Tatars and 196
Karaites in the country.[319][320]

The official language is Lithuanian, but in some areas there is a significant presence of minority languages
such as Polish, Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian. The greatest presence of minorities and the use of these
languages are in Šalčininkai, Visaginas, and Vilnius District.[317] Yiddish is spoken by members of the tiny
remaining Jewish community in Lithuania. The state laws guarantee education in minority languages and there
are numerous publicly funded schools in the areas populated by minorities, with Polish as the language of
instruction being the most widely available.[321]

According to the survey carried out within the framework of the Lithuanian census of 2021, 85.33% of the
country's population speak Lithuanian as their native language, 6.8% are native speakers of Russian and 5.1%
of Polish. As of 2021, 60.6% of residents speak Russian as a foreign language, 31.1% – English, 10.5% –
Lithuanian, 8% – German, 7.9% – Polish, 1.9% – French, 2.6% – various others.[322] Most Lithuanian schools
teach English as the first foreign language, but students may also study German, or, in some schools, French or
Russian. Around 80% of young people in Lithuania know English.[323]

Urbanization
There has been a steady movement of population to the cities since the 1990s, encouraged by the planning of
regional centres, such as Alytus, Marijampolė, Utena, Plungė, and Mažeikiai. By the early 21st century, about
two-thirds of the total population lived in urban areas. As of 2021, 68.19% of the total population lives in
urban areas.[314] Lithuania's functional urban areas include Vilnius (population 708,203), Kaunas (population
391,153), and Panevėžys (population 124,526).[315] The fDI of the Financial Times in their research Cities and
Regions of the Future ranked Vilnius fourth in the mid-sized European cities category in the 2018–19 ranking,
second in the 2022–23 ranking, second in 2023 ranking while the city claimed 24th spot in the worldwide
overall ranking in 2021–22 and Vilnius county was ranked 10th in the small European regions category in
2018–19, fifth in 2022–23, fifth in 2023 rankings.[324][325][326][327]

Largest cities or towns in Lithuania

State Data Agency (2024)[328]
Rank Name County Pop. Rank Name County Pop.
 1 Vilnius Vilnius 605,270 11 Kėdainiai Kaunas 23,359
2 Kaunas Kaunas 304,731 12 Telšiai Telšiai 21,920
3 Klaipėda Klaipėda 160,357 13 Ukmergė Vilnius 21,383
4 Šiauliai Šiauliai 112,581 14 Tauragė Tauragė 21,344
Vilnius 5 Panevėžys Panevėžys 86,202 15 Visaginas Utena 19,214
6 Alytus Alytus 50,996 16 Palanga Klaipėda 18,187 Klaipėda
7 Marijampolė Marijampolė 36,567 17 Plungė Telšiai 17,105
8 Mažeikiai Telšiai 33,340 18 Kretinga Klaipėda 16,874
9 Utena Utena 27,175 19 Šilutė Klaipėda 15,995
Kaunas 10 Jonava Kaunas 26,720 20 Radviliškis Šiauliai 15,604 Šiauliai

Health
Lithuania provides free state-funded healthcare to all citizens and
registered long-term residents.[329] It co-exists with a significant private
healthcare sector. In 2003–2012, the network of hospitals was
restructured, as part of wider healthcare service reforms. It started in
2003–2005 with the expansion of ambulatory services and primary
care.[330] In 2016, Lithuania ranked 27th in Europe in the Euro health
consumer index, a ranking of European healthcare systems based on
waiting time, results and other indicators. Lithuania ranked 19th in the
2024 edition of the World Happiness Report.[331] Kaunas Clinics, a medical institution
in Lithuania
As of 2023, Lithuanian life expectancy at birth was 76.0 (70.6 years for
males and 81.6 for females)[332] and the infant mortality rate was 2.99
per 1,000 births.[333] The annual population growth rate increased by 0.3% in 2007. Lithuania has seen a
dramatic rise in suicides in the 1990s.[334] The suicide rate has been constantly decreasing since, but it still
remains the highest in the EU and one of the highest in the OECD. The suicide rate as of 2019 is 20.2 per
100,000 people.[334] Suicide in Lithuania has been a subject of research, but the main reasons behind the high
rate are thought to be both psychological and economic, including: social transformations and economic
recessions, alcoholism, lack of tolerance in the society and bullying.[335]

By 2000, the vast majority of Lithuanian health care institutions were non-profit-making enterprises and a
private sector developed, providing mostly outpatient services which are paid for out-of-pocket. The Ministry
of Health also runs a few health care facilities and is involved in the running of the two major Lithuanian
teaching hospitals. It is responsible for the State Public Health Centre which manages the public health
network including ten county public health centres with their local branches. The ten counties run county
hospitals and specialised health care facilities.[336]

There is Compulsory Health Insurance for the Lithuanian residents. There are 5 Territorial Health Insurance
Funds, covering Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys. Contributions for people who are
economically active are 9% of income.[337]

Emergency medical services are provided free of charge to all residents. Access to the secondary and tertiary
care, such as hospital treatment, is normally via referral by a general practitioner.[338] Lithuania also has one of
the lowest health care prices in Europe.[339]

Religion
According to the 2021 census, 74.2% of residents
of Lithuania were Catholics.[3] Catholicism has
been the main religion since the official
Christianisation of Lithuania in 1387. The
Catholic Church was persecuted by the Russian
Empire as part of the Russification policies and
by the Soviet Union as part of the overall anti-
religious campaigns. During the Soviet era, some Hill of Crosses near Šiauliai
priests actively led the resistance against the
Communist regime, as symbolised by the Hill of
Crosses and exemplified by The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in
Lithuania.

3.7% of the population are Eastern Orthodox, mainly among the Russian
minority.[3] The community of Old Believers (0.6% of population) dates
back to the 1660s.

Protestants are 0.8%, of which 0.6% are Lutheran and 0.2% are Reformed.
The Reformation did not impact Lithuania to a great extent as seen in East Chapel of Saint Casimir, the
Prussia, Estonia, or Latvia. Before World War II, according to Losch patron saint of Lithuania and
Lithuanian youth, with his
(1932), the Lutherans were 3.3% of the total population.[340] They were
sarcophagus in the centre
mainly Germans and Prussian Lithuanians in the Klaipėda Region (Memel
territory). This population fled or was expelled after the war, and
Protestantism is now mainly represented by ethnic Lithuanians throughout the northern and western parts of
the country, as well as in large urban areas. Newly arriving evangelical churches have established missions in
Lithuania since 1990.[341]

Hinduism is a minority religion and a fairly recent development in Lithuania. Hinduism is spread in Lithuania
by Hindu organizations: ISKCON, Sathya Sai Baba, Brahma Kumaris and Osho Rajneesh. ISKCON
(Lithuanian: Krišnos sąmonės judėjimas) is the largest and the oldest movement as the first Krishna followers
date to 1979.[342] It has three centres in Lithuania: in Vilnius, Klaipėda and Kaunas. Brahma Kumaris
maintains the Centre Brahma Kumaris in Antakalnis, Vilnius.

The historical communities of Lipka Tatars maintain Islam as their religion. Lithuania was historically home to
a significant Jewish community and was an important centre of Jewish scholarship and culture from the 18th
century until the eve of World War II. Of the approximately 220,000 Jews who lived in Lithuania in June 1941,
almost all were killed during the Holocaust.[343][344] The Lithuanian Jewish community numbered about 4,000
at the end of 2009.[345]

Romuva, the neopagan revival of the ancient religious practices, has gained popularity over the years. Romuva
claims to continue living pagan traditions, which survived in folklore and customs.[346][347][348] Romuva is a
polytheistic pagan faith, which asserts the sanctity of nature and has elements of ancestor worship.[349]
According to the 2001 census, there were 1,270 people of Baltic faith in Lithuania.[350] That number jumped
to 5,118 in the 2011 census.[351]

Education
The Constitution of Lithuania mandates ten-year education ending at age 16 and guarantees a free public
higher education for students deemed 'good'.[353] The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of
Lithuania proposes national educational policies and goals that are then voted for in the Seimas. Laws govern
long-term educational strategy along with general laws on standards for
higher education, vocational training, law and science, adult education,
and special education.[354] 5.4% of GDP or 15.4% of total public
expenditure was spent for education in 2016.[355]

According to the World Bank, the literacy rate among Lithuanians aged
15 years and older is 100%.[356] School attendance rates are above the
EU average and school leave is less common than in the EU. According
to Eurostat Lithuania leads among other countries of the European Vilnius University, one of the oldest
universities in the region.[352] It was
Union in people with secondary education (93.3%).[357] Based on
established by Stephen Báthory,
OECD data, Lithuania is among the top 5 countries in the world in
King of Poland and Grand Duke of
postsecondary (tertiary) education attainment.[358] As of 2016, 54.9% Lithuania, in 1579.
of the population aged 25 to 34, and 30.7% of the population aged 55 to
64 had completed tertiary education.[359] The share of tertiary-educated
25–64-year-olds in STEM (Science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics) fields in Lithuania were above the OECD average (29%
and 26% respectively), similarly to business, administration and law
(25% and 23% respectively).[360]

Modern Lithuanian education system has multiple structural problems.

Insufficient funding, quality issues, and decreasing student population
are the most prevalent. Lithuanian teacher salaries are the lowest in the Vilnius University Life Sciences
entire EU.[361] Low teacher salaries was the primary reason behind Center in the Sunrise Valley
national teacher strikes in 2014, [362] 2015, [363] and 2016. [364][365]

Salaries in the higher education sector are also low. Many Lithuanian
professors have a second job to supplement their income.[366] PISA report from 2010 found that Lithuanian
results in math, science and reading were below OECD average.[367] PISA report from 2015 reconfirmed these
findings.[368] The population ages 6 to 19 has decreased by 36% between 2005 and 2015. As a result, the
student-teacher ratio is decreasing and expenditure per student is increasing, but schools, particularly in rural
areas, are forced into reorganizations and consolidations.[355] As with other Baltic nations, in particular Latvia,
the large volume of higher education graduates within the country, coupled with the high rate of spoken second
languages is contributing to an education brain drain.

As of 2008, there were 15 public and 6 private universities as well as 16 public and 11 private colleges in
Lithuania (see: List of universities in Lithuania).[369] Vilnius University is one of the oldest universities in
Northern Europe and the largest university in Lithuania. Kaunas University of Technology is the largest
technical university in the Baltic States and the second largest university in Lithuania. In an attempt to reduce
costs[370] and adapt to sharply decreasing number of high-school students,[371] Lithuanian parliament decided
to reduce the number of universities in Lithuania.[372][373] In early 2018, Lithuanian University of Educational
Sciences and Aleksandras Stulginskis University were merged into Vytautas Magnus University.[374]

Culture

Lithuanian language
The Lithuanian language (lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognized as one of
the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers in
Lithuania and about 0.2 million abroad.
Lithuanian is a Baltic language, closely related to Latvian,
although they are not mutually intelligible. It is written in an
adapted version of the Roman script. Lithuanian is believed
to be the linguistically most conservative living Indo-
European tongue, retaining many features of Proto Indo-
European.[375] Lithuanian language studies are important for
comparative linguistics and for reconstruction of Proto-
Indo-European language.[376] Lithuanian was studied by
linguists such as Franz Bopp, August Schleicher, Adalbert
Bezzenberger, Louis Hjelmslev,[377] Ferdinand de A priest, lexicographer Jonas Jablonskis is
Saussure,[378] Winfred P. Lehmann, Vladimir Toporov[379] Konstantinas Sirvydas – the father of
and others. cherisher of Lithuanian standard Lithuanian
language in the 17th language.
century

There are two main dialects of the Lithuanian language: Aukštaitian

dialect and Samogitian dialect. Aukštaitian dialect is mainly used in the
central, southern and eastern parts of Lithuania while Samogitian
dialect is used in the western part of the country.[380] The Samogitian
dialect also has many completely different words and is even
considered a separate language by some linguists.[381] Nowadays, the
distinguishing feature between the two main Lithuanian dialects is the
The earliest known Lithuanian unequal pronunciation of accented and unaccented two-vowels uo and
glosses (between 1520 and 1530) ie.[380]
written in the margins of Johann
Herolt book Liber Discipuli de The groundwork for written Lithuanian was laid in 16th and 17th
eruditione Christifidelium. Words:
centuries by Lithuanian noblemen and scholars, who promoted
teprÿdav[ſ]ʒÿ (let it strike), vbagÿſte
(indigence).
Lithuanian language, created dictionaries and published books –
Mikalojus Daukša, Stanislovas Rapolionis, Abraomas Kulvietis, Jonas
Bretkūnas, Martynas Mažvydas, Konstantinas Sirvydas, Simonas
Vaišnoras-Varniškis. [382] The first grammar book of the Lithuanian language Grammatica Litvanica was
published in Latin in 1653 by Danielius Kleinas.

Jonas Jablonskis' works and activities are especially important for the Lithuanian literature moving from the
use of dialects to a standard Lithuanian language. The linguistic material which he collected was published in
the 20 volumes of Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian and is still being used in research and in editing of texts
and books. He also introduced the letter ū into Lithuanian writing.[383]

Literature
There is a great deal of Lithuanian literature written in Latin, the main scholarly language of the Middle Ages.
The edicts of the Lithuanian King Mindaugas are the prime example of the literature of this kind. The Letters
of Gediminas are another crucial heritage of the Lithuanian Latin writings.

One of the first Lithuanian authors who wrote in Latin was Nicolaus Hussovianus (around 1480 – after 1533).
His poem Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis (A Song about the Appearance, Savagery and
Hunting of the Bison), published in 1523, describes the Lithuanian landscape, way of life and customs, touches
on some actual political problems, and reflects the clash of paganism and Christianity. A person under the
pseudonym Michalo Lituanus (around 1490 – 1560) wrote a treatise De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et
moscorum (On the Customs of Tatars, Lithuanians and Muscovites) in the
middle of the 16th century, but it was not published until 1615. An
extraordinary figure in the cultural life of Lithuania in the 16th century was the
lawyer and poet of Spanish origin Petrus Roysius Maurus Alcagnicensis
(around 1505 – 1571). The publicist, lawyer, and mayor of Vilnius, Augustinus
Rotundus (around 1520–1582) wrote a no longer existent history of Lithuania
in Latin around the year 1560. loannes Radvanus, a humanist poet of the The first Lithuanian printed
second half of the 16th century, wrote an epic poem imitating the Aeneid of book, Catechism of
Martynas Mažvydas (1547,
Vergil. His Radivilias, intended to become the Lithuanian national epic, was
Königsberg)
published in Vilnius in 1588.[385]

17th century Lithuanian scholars also wrote in Latin – Kazimieras

Kojelavičius-Vijūkas, Žygimantas Liauksminas are known for their Latin
writings in theology, rhetorics and music. Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas wrote
first printed Lithuanian history Historia Lithuania.

Lithuanian literary works in the Lithuanian language started being first

published in the 16th century. In 1547 Martynas Mažvydas compiled and
published the first printed Lithuanian book Katekizmo prasti žodžiai (The
Simple Words of Catechism), which marks the beginning of literature, printed in
Lithuanian. He was followed by Mikalojus Daukša with Katechizmas. In the
16th and 17th centuries, as in the whole Christian Europe, Lithuanian literature
was primarily religious.
The title page of Radivilias
(1592, Vilnius). The poem
The evolution of the old (14th–18th century) Lithuanian literature ends with
celebrating commander
Kristijonas Donelaitis, one of the most prominent authors of the Age of Mikalojus Radvila Rudasis
Enlightenment. Donelaitis' poem Metai (The Seasons) is a landmark of the (1512–1584) and recounts
Lithuanian fiction literature, written in hexameter.[386] the famous victory of
Lithuanian Armed Forces
With a mix of Classicism, Sentimentalism and Romanticism, the Lithuanian over Moscow troops
literature of the first half of the 19th century is represented by Maironis, (1564).[384]
Antanas Baranauskas, Simonas Daukantas, Oscar Milosz, and Simonas
Stanevičius.[386] During the Tsarist annexation of Lithuania in the 19th century,
the Lithuanian press ban was implemented, which led to the formation of the Knygnešiai (Book smugglers)
movement. This movement is thought to be the very reason the Lithuanian language and literature survived.

20th-century Lithuanian literature is represented by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, Antanas Vienuolis, Bernardas

Brazdžionis, Antanas Škėma, Balys Sruoga, Vytautas Mačernis and Justinas Marcinkevičius.

In 21st century debuted Kristina Sabaliauskaitė, Renata Šerelytė, Valdas Papievis, Laura Sintija Černiauskaitė,
Rūta Šepetys.

Architecture
Several famous Lithuania-related architects are notable for their achievements in the field of architecture.
Johann Christoph Glaubitz, Marcin Knackfus, Laurynas Gucevičius and Karol Podczaszyński were
instrumental in introducing Baroque and neoclassical architectural movements to the Lithuanian architecture
during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries.[387] Vilnius is considered as a capital of the Eastern Europe
Baroque.[388] Vilnius Old Town that is full of astonishing Baroque churches and other buildings is a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.[389]
 Lithuania is also known for numerous
castles. About twenty castles exist in
Lithuania. Some castles had to be
rebuilt or survive partially. Many
Lithuanian nobles' historic palaces and
manor houses have remained till the
nowadays and were reconstructed.[390]
Vilnius Cathedral by
Lithuanian village life has existed
Laurynas Gucevičius
since the days of Vytautas the Great. Gryčia (traditional dwelling house,
Zervynos and Kapiniškiai are two of built in the 19th century)
many ethnographic villages in Lithuania.[391] Rumšiškės is an open
space museum where old ethnographic architecture is preserved.

During the interwar period, Art Deco, Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural style buildings were
constructed in the Lithuania's temporary capital Kaunas. Its architecture is regarded as one of the finest
examples of the European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label.[392]

Arts and museums

The Lithuanian Art Museum was founded in 1933 and is the largest
museum of art conservation and display in Lithuania.[393] Among other
important museums are the Palanga Amber Museum, where amber
pieces comprise a major part of the collection, National Gallery of Art,
presenting collection of Lithuanian art of the 20th and 21st century,
National Museum of Lithuania presenting Lithuanian archaeology,
history and ethnic culture. In 2018 two private museums were opened –
MO Museum devoted to modern and contemporary Lithuanian art and
Tartle,[394] exhibiting a collection of Lithuanian art heritage and
artefacts.
Kings' Fairy Tale (1908–1909) by
Perhaps the most renowned figure in Lithuania's art community was the Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
composer Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1875–1911), an
internationally renowned musician. The 2420 Čiurlionis asteroid,
identified in 1975, honors his achievements. The M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum, as well as the only
military museum in Lithuania, Vytautas the Great War Museum, are located in Kaunas. Franciszek
Smuglewicz, Jan Rustem, Józef Oleszkiewicz and Kanuty Rusiecki are the most prominent Lithuanian painters
of the 18th and 19th centuries.[395]

Theatre
Lithuania has theatres in Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda and Panevėžys. These include Lithuanian National Drama
Theatre, Keistuolių teatras (Theatre of Freaks) in Vilnius, Kaunas State Drama Theatre, Theatre of Oskaras
Koršunovas, Klaipėda Drama Theatre, Theatre of Gytis Ivanauskas, Miltinis Drama Theatre in Panevėžys, The
Doll's Theatre, Old Theatre of Vilnius.[396] Theatre festivals include Sirenos (Sirens), TheATRIUM, Nerk į
teatrą (Dive into the Theatre).[397][398][399]

Lithuanian theatre directors include Eimuntas Nekrošius, Jonas Vaitkus, Cezaris Graužinis, Gintaras Varnas,
Dalia Ibelhauptaitė and Artūras Areima. Actors include Dainius Gavenonis, Rolandas Kazlas, Saulius Balandis
and Gabija Jaraminaitė.[400]
 Theatre director Oskaras Koršunovas was awarded the Swedish
Commander Grand Cross – the Order of the Polar Star.[401]

Cinema
On 28 July 1896, Thomas
Edison live photography session
was held in the Concerts Hall of
Lithuanian National Drama Theatre the Botanical Garden of Vilnius
University. After a year, similar
American movies were available
with the addition of special phonograph records that also provided
sound. In 1909, Lithuanian cinema pioneers Antanas Račiūnas and
Ladislas Starevich released their first movies. Soon the Račiūnas' Romuva Cinema, the oldest still
recordings of Lithuania's views became very popular among the operational cinema in Lithuania
Lithuanian Americans abroad. In 1925, Pranas Valuskis filmed movie
Naktis Lietuvoje (Night in Lithuania) about Lithuanian book smugglers
that left the first bright Lithuanian footprint in Hollywood. The most significant and mature Lithuanian
American movie of the time Aukso žąsis (Golden goose) was created in 1965 by Birutė Pūkelevičiūtė that
featured motifs from the Brothers Grimm fairy tales. In 1940, Romuva Cinema was opened in Kaunas and
currently is the oldest still operational cinema in Lithuania. After the occupation of the state, movies mostly
were used for the Soviet propaganda purposes, nevertheless Almantas Grikevičius, Gytis Lukšas, Henrikas
Šablevičius, Arūnas Žebriūnas, Raimondas Vabalas were able to overcome the obstacles and create valuable
films. After the restoration of the independence, Šarūnas Bartas, Audrius Stonys, Arūnas Matelis, Audrius
Juzėnas, Algimantas Puipa, Janina Lapinskaitė, Dijana and her husband Kornelijus Matuzevičius received
success in international movie festivals.[402]

In 2018, 4,265,414 cinema tickets were sold in Lithuania with the average price of €5.26.[403]

Music

Lithuanians dancing at Skamba skamba kankliai festival and singing at Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival in
Vingis Park
Lithuanian folk music belongs to Baltic music branch which is connected with neolithic corded ware culture.
Two instrument cultures meet in the areas inhabited by Lithuanians: stringed (kanklių) and wind instrument
cultures. Lithuanian folk music is archaic, mostly used for ritual purposes, containing elements of paganism
faith. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions:
monophony, heterophony and polyphony. Folk song genres: Sutartinės (Multipart Songs),[404] Wedding Songs,
War-Historical Time Songs, Calendar Cycle and Ritual Songs and Work Songs.[405]

Italian artists organized the first opera in Lithuania on 4 September 1636 at the Palace of the Grand Dukes by
the order of Władysław IV Vasa.[406] Currently, operas are staged at the Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet
Theatre and also by independent troupe Vilnius City Opera.

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis was a Lithuanian painter and composer. During

his short life he created about 200 pieces of music. His works have influenced
modern Lithuanian culture. His symphonic poems In the Forest (Miške) and The
Sea (Jūra) were performed only posthumously. Čiurlionis contributed to
symbolism and art nouveau and was representative of the fin de siècle epoch. He
has been considered one of the pioneers of abstract art in Europe.[407]

In Lithuania, choral music is important. Vilnius is the only city with three choirs
laureates (Brevis, Jauna Muzika and Chamber Choir of the Conservatoire) at the
European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.[408] There is a long-standing tradition of
the Dainų šventė (Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival). The first one took place in
Painter and composer Kaunas in 1924. Since 1990, the festival has been organised every four years and
M.K. Čiurlionis summons roughly 30,000 singers and folk dancers of various professional levels
and age groups from across the country.[409] In 2008, Lithuanian Song and Dance
Festival together with its Latvian and Estonian versions was inscribed as UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral
and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.[410] Gatvės muzikos diena (Street Music Day) gathers musicians of
various genres annually.[411]

Modern classical composers emerged in seventies – Bronius Kutavičius, Feliksas Bajoras, Osvaldas
Balakauskas, Onutė Narbutaitė, Vidmantas Bartulis and others. Most of those composers explored archaic
Lithuanian music and its harmonic combination with modern minimalism and neoromanticism.[412]

Jazz scene was active even during the years of Soviet occupation. In 1970–71 the Ganelin/Tarasov/Chekasin
trio established the Vilnius Jazz School.[413] Most known annual events are Vilnius Jazz Festival, Kaunas Jazz,
Birštonas Jazz. Music Information Centre Lithuania (MICL) collects, promotes and shares information on
Lithuanian musical culture.

Rock and protest music

After the Soviet reoccupation of Lithuania in 1944, the Soviet's censorship continued firmly controlling all
artistic expressions in Lithuania, and any violations by criticizing the regime would immediately result in
punishments.[414] The first local rock bands started to emerge around 1965 and included Kertukai, Aitvarai and
Nuogi ant slenksčio in Kaunas, and Kęstutis Antanėlis, Vienuoliai, and Gėlių Vaikai in Vilnius, among others.
Unable to express their opinions directly, the Lithuanian artists began organizing patriotic Roko Maršai and
were using metaphors in their songs' lyrics, which were easily identified for their true meanings by the
locals.[415][416] Postmodernist rock band Antis and its vocalist Algirdas Kaušpėdas were one of the most active
performers who mocked the Soviet regime by using metaphors. For example, in the song Zombiai (Zombies),
the band indirectly sang about the Red Army soldiers who occupied the state and its military base in
Ukmergė.[417][418] Vytautas Kernagis' song Kolorado vabalai
(Colorado beetles) was also a favourite due to its lyrics in which true
meaning of the Colorado beetles was intended to be the Soviets
decorated with the Ribbons of Saint George.[419]

In the early independence years, rock band Foje was particularly

popular and gathered tens of thousands of spectators to the
concerts.[420] After disbanding in 1997, Foje vocalist Andrius
Mamontovas remained one of the most prominent Lithuanian Rock band Antis, which under firm
censorship actively mocked the
performers and an active participant in various charity events.[421]
Soviet Union regime by using
Marijonas Mikutavičius is famous for creating unofficial Lithuania metaphors in their lyrics, during an
sport anthem Trys milijonai (Three million) and official anthem of the anti-Sovietism, anti-communism
EuroBasket 2011 Nebetyli sirgaliai (English version was named concert in 1987
Celebrate Basketball).[422][423]

Cuisine
Lithuanian cuisine features the products suited to the cool and moist northern
climate of Lithuania: barley, potatoes, rye, beets, greens, berries, and
mushrooms are locally grown, and dairy products are one of its specialties.
Fish dishes are very popular in the coastal region.[424] Since it shares its
climate and agricultural practices with Northern Europe, Lithuanian cuisine
has some similarities to Scandinavian cuisine. Nevertheless, it has its own
distinguishing features, which were formed by a variety of influences during Lithuanian dark rye bread
the country's long and difficult history.

Dairy products are an important part of traditional Lithuanian cuisine. These

include white cottage cheese (varškės sūris), curd (varškė), soured milk
(rūgpienis), sour cream (grietinė), butter (sviestas), and sour cream butter
kastinis. Traditional meat products are usually seasoned, matured and smoked
– smoked sausages (dešros), lard (lašiniai), skilandis, smoked ham (kumpis).
Soups (sriubos) – boletus soup (baravykų sriuba), cabbage soup (kopūstų
sriuba), beer soup (alaus sriuba), milk soup (pieniška sriuba), cold-beet soup Cepelinai, a potato-based
(šaltibarščiai) and various kinds of porridges (košės) are part of tradition and dumpling dish characteristic
daily diet. Freshwater fish, herring, wild berries and mushrooms, honey are of Lithuanian cuisine with
highly popular diet to this day.[425][426] meat, curd or mushrooms

One of the oldest and most fundamental Lithuanian food products was and is
rye bread. Rye bread is eaten every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Bread played an important role in
family rituals and agrarian ceremonies.[427]

Lithuanians and other nations that once formed part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania share many dishes and
beverages. German traditions also influenced Lithuanian cuisine, introducing pork and potato dishes, such as
potato pudding (kugelis or kugel) and potato sausages (vėdarai), as well as the baroque tree cake known as
Šakotis. The most exotic of all the influences is Eastern (Karaite) cuisine – the kibinai are popular in Lithuania.
Lithuanian noblemen usually hired French chefs, so French cuisine influence came to Lithuania in this
way.[428]
 Balts were using mead (midus) for thousands of years.[429] Beer (alus) is the most
common alcoholic beverage. Lithuania has a long farmhouse beer tradition, first
mentioned in 11th century chronicles. Beer was brewed for ancient Baltic festivities
and rituals.[430] Farmhouse brewing survived to a greater extent in Lithuania than
anywhere else, and through accidents of history the Lithuanians then developed a
commercial brewing culture from their unique farmhouse traditions.[431][432]
Lithuania is top 5 by consumption of beer per capita in Europe in 2015, counting 75
active breweries, 32 of them are microbreweries.[433] The microbrewery scene in
Lithuania has grown, with a number of bars focusing on these beers opening in
Lithuania has
Vilnius and other parts of the country.
longlasting beer
brewing traditions. Eight Lithuanian restaurants are listed in the White Guide Baltic Top 30.[434] The
local „30 geriausių restoranų” guide lists top domestic places,[435] and Lithuanian
restaurants will appear in the Michelin Guide on 13 June 2024.[436]

Media
The Constitution of Lithuania provides for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally
respects these rights in practice. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic
political system combine to promote these freedoms. However, the constitutional definition of freedom of
expression does not protect certain acts, such as incitement to national, racial, religious, or social hatred,
violence and discrimination, or slander, and disinformation. It is a crime to deny or "grossly trivialize" Soviet
or Nazi German crimes against Lithuania or its citizens, or to deny genocide, crimes against humanity, or war
crimes.[437]

In 2021, the best-selling daily national newspapers in Lithuania were Lietuvos rytas (5.4% of all weekly
readers), Vakaro žinios (3.2%), Kauno diena (2.9%). Best-selling weekly newspapers were Savaitė (16.5%),
Žmonės (8.4%), Prie kavos (4.1%), Savaitgalis (3.9%) and Verslo žinios (3.2%).[438]

In 2021, the most popular national television channels in Lithuania were TV3 (34.6% of the daily audience),
LNK (32.3%), Lithuanian National Radio and Television (31.6%), BTV (17.3%), Lietuvos rytas TV (16.2%),
TV6 (15.3%).[438]

The most popular radio stations in Lithuania were M-1 (14.5% of daily listeners), Lietus (12.7%),
Radiocentras (9.1%) and LRT Radijas (8.5%).[438]

Public holidays and festivals

As a result of a thousand-years history, Lithuania has two National days. The first one is the Statehood Day on
6 July, marking the establishment of the medieval Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas in 1253. The creation
of modern Lithuanian state is commemorated on 16 February as a Lithuanian State Reestablishment Day on
which declaration of independence from Russia and Germany was declared in 1918. Joninės (previously
known as Rasos) is a public holiday with paganic roots that celebrates a solstice. As of 2018, there are 13
public holidays (which come with a day off).[439]

Kaziuko mugė is an annual fair held since the beginning of the 17th century that commemorates the
anniversary of Saint Casimir's death and gathers thousands of visitors and many craftsmen. Other notable
festivals are Vilnius International Film Festival, Kauno Miesto Diena, Klaipėda Sea Festival, Mados infekcija,
Vilnius Book Fair, Vilnius Marathon, Devilstone Open Air, Apuolė 854, Great Žemaičių Kalvarija Festival.
 Public holidays in Lithuania
Date English name Local name Remarks

1 January New Year's Day Naujųjų metų diena

Day of
Restoration of Lietuvos valstybės
16 February
the State of atkūrimo diena
Lithuania (1918)

Day of
Restoration of Lietuvos
11 March Independence nepriklausomybės
of Lithuania atkūrimo diena
(1990)
Commemorates
resurrection of Jesus.
The first Sunday after
Moveable Sunday Easter Sunday Šv. Velykos
the full moon that
occurs on or soonest
after 21 March.

Antroji šv. Velykų

The day after Easter Sunday Easter Monday
diena
International Tarptautinė darbo
1 May
Workers' Day diena

First Sunday in May Mother's Day Motinos diena

First Sunday in June Father's Day Tėvo diena

Celebrated according
St. John's Day / to mostly pagan
24 June Joninės / Rasos
Day of Dew traditions (Midsummer
Day, Saint Jonas Day).
Celebrates the 1253
Valstybės (Lietuvos
coronation of
karaliaus Mindaugo
Mindaugas, the first
6 July Statehood Day karūnavimo) ir
King of Lithuania, and
Tautiškos giesmės
the national anthem of
diena
Lithuania.

Also marked according

to pagan traditions,
Žolinė (Švč.
celebrating the
Mergelės Marijos
15 August Assumption Day goddess Žemyna and
ėmimo į dangų
noting the mid-August
diena)
as the middle between
summer and autumn.
Halloween is
increasingly popular
1 November All Saints' Day Visų šventųjų diena and is also informally
celebrated on the eve
(31 October).

Mirusiųjų atminimo
2 November All Souls' Day
(Vėlinių) diena
24 December Christmas Eve Šv. Kūčios

Commemorates birth
25 and 26 December Christmas Day Šv. Kalėdos
of Jesus.
Sports
Basketball is the most popular and national sport of Lithuania. The Lithuania national basketball team has won
the EuroBasket on three occasions (1937, 1939 and 2003), as well a total of 8 other medals in the Eurobasket,
the World Championships and the Olympic Games. 76% of the country's population watched the men's
national team games live in 2014.[440] Lithuania hosted the Eurobasket in 1939 and 2011. The historic
Lithuanian basketball team BC Žalgiris, from Kaunas, won the European basketball league Euroleague in
1999. Lithuania has produced a number of NBA players, including Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of
Fame inductees Arvydas Sabonis and Šarūnas Marčiulionis,[441] and current NBA players Jonas Valančiūnas,
Domantas Sabonis.[442]

Lithuania has won a total of 26 medals at the Olympic Games,

including 6 gold medals in athletics, modern pentathlon, shooting, and
swimming. Other Lithuanians won Olympic medals representing Soviet
Union. Discus thrower Virgilijus Alekna is the most successful Olympic
athlete of independent Lithuania, having won gold medals in the 2000
Sydney and 2004 Athens games, as well as a bronze in 2008 Summer
Olympics and numerous World Championship medals. More recently, a
gold medal was won by 15-year-old swimmer Rūta Meilutytė at the
2012 Summer Olympics in London, and sparked a rise in popularity for Lithuania men's national basketball
the sport in Lithuania. team is ranked eighth worldwide in
FIBA Rankings.
Lithuania hosted the 2021 FIFA Futsal World Cup, the first time
Lithuania had hosted a FIFA tournament.[443]

Few Lithuanian athletes have found success in winter sports, although facilities are provided by several ice
rinks and skiing slopes, including Snow Arena, the first indoor ski slope in the Baltics.[444] In 2018 Lithuania
men's national ice hockey team won gold medals at the 2018 IIHF World Championship Division I.[445]

See also
Lithuania portal

Europe portal

Index of Lithuania-related articles

List of Lithuanians
Outline of Lithuania

Notes
a. Lithuania uses ISO 8601 standard for date and time.
b. /ˌlɪθjuˈeɪniə/ ⓘ LITH-ew-AY-nee-ə;[15] Lithuanian: Lietuva [lʲiətʊˈvɐ]
c. Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika [lʲiətʊˈvoːs rʲɛsˈpʊblʲɪkɐ]
d. Various sources classify Lithuania differently for statistical and other purposes. For example,
United Nations,[16] and Eurovoc (which additionally classifies Lithuania as central and eastern
European country),[17] among others, classify it as northern Europe. The European Commission,
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Columbia Encyclopedia place
Lithuania in central Europe.[18][19][20] The CIA World Factbook[21] classifies it as eastern Europe,
 and Encyclopædia Britannica locates it in northeastern Europe.[22] Usage varies greatly, and
controversially,[23] in press sources.

References
1. "Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019" (https://www.constituteproject.
org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf) (PDF). Constitute Project. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20210221121506/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Lithuania_2006.pdf) (PDF)
from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
2. "Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-ro
dikliu-analize). osp.stat.gov.lt.
3. "Population by religious community indicated, municipalities (2021)" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/stati
stiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/) (in Lithuanian).
Statistics Lithuania. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220102180815/https://osp.stat.gov.l
t/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/) from the
original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
4. Kulikauskienė, Lina (2002). Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija [The Constitution of the Republic
of Lithuania] (in Lithuanian). Native History, CD. ISBN 978-9986-9216-7-7.
5. Veser, Ernst (23 September 1997). "Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept – A New Political
System Model" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202059/https://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/p
ublication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf) (PDF) (in English and Chinese). Department of
Education, School of Education, University of Cologne. pp. 39–60. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf) (PDF) on 24 April
2021. Retrieved 23 August 2017. "Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses
that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form
of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime
constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant
institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of
the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-
presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's pléiade as semi-
presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87)."
6. Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and
Mixed Authority Patterns" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~m
shugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf) (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific
Studies. United States: University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original (http://dss.
ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf) (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 23 August
2017.
7. Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And
Mixed Authority Patterns" (https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087). French Politics. 3
(3). Palgrave Macmillan Journals: 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 (https://doi.org/10.
1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087). ISSN 1476-3419 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-3419).
"A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of
cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the
Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he
lost the sympathetic majority in parliament."
8. "Surface water and surface water change" (https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SU
RFACE_WATER). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=
SURFACE_WATER) from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
9. "Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?ha
sh=20530e4b-d2d5-4c58-b976-e97703c30d4a). osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
10. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Lithuania)" (https://www.imf.org/en/Publi
cations/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=946,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PP
PPC,&sy=2023&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br
=1). International Monetary Fund. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
11. "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/vie
w/tessi190/default/table?lang=en). Eurostat. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091
832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en) from the
original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
12. "Human Development Report 2023/24" (https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-repor
t-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf) (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March
2024. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/d
ocuments/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 13 March
2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
13. Office of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania (4 July 2011). "V-117 Dėl Dokumentų rengimo taisyklių
patvirtinimo" (https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.403753/asr). e-seimas.lrs.lt (in
Lithuanian). Seimas. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
14. "Kaip trumpuoju būdu rašyti datą?" (https://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/657-data-datos-rasymas).
vlkk.lt (in Lithuanian). Commission of the Lithuanian Language. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
15. Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English
Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
16. "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-
Geographic Regions" (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions).
Unstats.un.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170949/https://unstats.un.org/un
sd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions) from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September
2017.
17. "Lithuania - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU" (https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vo
cabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5709&lang=en). op.europa.eu.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230309144010/https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabul
aries/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5709&lang=en) from the original on 9
March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
18. "Lithuania" (https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/lithuania/). Europe Direct Strasbourg. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20231215192041/https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/lithuania/) from
the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
19. Lehmann, Alex (29 December 2014). "Lithuania joins the Eurozone" (https://www.ebrd.com/new
s/2014/lithuania-joins-the-eurozone.html). European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Retrieved 16 December 2023.
20. Lagassé, Paul; Columbia University, eds. (2000). The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New
York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-7876-5015-5
21. "Lithuania" (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/). CIA World Factbook. 22
September 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/th
e-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/) from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 24 January
2021.
22. "Lithuania" (https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania). Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210703032318/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania) from the
original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
23. Bershidsky, Leonid (10 January 2017). "Why the Baltics Want to Move to Another Part of Europe"
(https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-10/why-the-baltics-want-to-move-to-another-p
art-of-europe). Bloomberg. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171017213918/https://www.
bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-01-10/why-the-baltics-want-to-move-to-another-part-of-europ
e) from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
24. Bammesberger, Alfred (March 2012). "Lietuvà, Lithuania, and Chaucer's Lettow" (http://www.old.l
ituanus.org/2012/12_1_01Bammesberger.html). Lituanus. 58 (1): 5–8.
25. Baranauskas, Tomas (Fall 2009). "On the Origin of the Name of Lithuania". Lithuanian Quarterly
Journal of Arts and Sciences. 55 (3). ISSN 0024-5089 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-508
9).
26. Vilnius. Key dates (http://www.vilnius-tourism.lt/index.php/en/39453/) Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20070117201537/http://www.vilnius-tourism.lt/index.php/en/39453/) 17 January 2007
at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 18 January 2007.
27. Zinkevičius, Zigmas. "Lietuvos vardas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-vardas/). Vle.lt (in
Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220704040617/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/
lietuvos-vardas/) from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
28. Zigmas Zinkevičius. Kelios mintys, kurios kyla skaitant Alfredo Bumblausko Senosios Lietuvos
istoriją 1009-1795m. Voruta, 2005.
29. Zinkevičius, Zigmas (30 November 1999). "Lietuvos vardo kilmė" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
220510083828/https://www.voruta.lt/archyvas/74/253). Voruta (in Lithuanian). 3 (669).
ISSN 1392-0677 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1392-0677). Archived from the original (http://w
ww.voruta.lt/archyvas/74/253) on 10 May 2022.
30. Dubonis, Artūras (1998). Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio leičiai: iš Lietuvos ankstyvųjų valstybinių
struktūrų praeities Leičiai of Grand Duke of Lithuania: from the past of Lithuanian stative
structures (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla.
31. Dubonis, Artūras (30 April 2020). "Leičiai | Orbis Lituaniae" (https://ldkistorija.lt/pasakojimai/leicia
i/). LDKistorija.lt (in Lithuanian). Vilnius University. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202107
13174930/https://ldkistorija.lt/pasakojimai/leiciai/) from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved
13 July 2021.
32. Čeponis, Tomas; Sakalauskas, Mindaugas. Leičiai (https://kam.lt/download/63818/lei%C4%8Dia
i%20bro%C5%A1i%C5%ABra%2020x20%20lt%20internetui.pdf) (PDF). Vilnius: Ministry of
National Defence of Lithuania. ISBN 978-609-412-143-2. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
33. Patackas, Algirdas. "Lietuva, Lieta, Leitis, arba ką reiškia žodis "Lietuva" " (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210702013521/https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-
k%C4%85-rei%C5%A1kia-%C5%BEodis-lietuva.htm). Lrytas.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the
original (https://kultura.lrytas.lt/-12499654771249731456-lietuva-lieta-leitis-arba-k%C4%85-rei%
C5%A1kia-%C5%BEodis-lietuva.htm) on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
34. Sipavičienė, Audra. (1997). International migration in Lithuania : causes, consequences,
strategy. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. p. 55. ISBN 9986523397.
OCLC 39615701 (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39615701).
35. Kudirka, Juozas (1991). The Lithuanians: An Ethnic Portrait. Lithuanian Folk Culture Centre.
p. 13.
36. Edgar C. Polomé; Werner Winter (2011). Reconstructing Languages and Cultures (https://books.
google.com/books?id=DIj-nZWsX_0C&pg=PA298). Walter de Gruyter. p. 298. ISBN 978-3-11-
086792-3.
37. Šapoka, Adolfas (1936). Lietuvos istorija (http://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf)
(PDF). Kaunas: Šviesa. pp. 13–17. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210225035041/htt
p://www.partizanai.org/failai/pdf/sapokos-istorija.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 25 February
2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
38. Michael H. MacDonald (1996). Europe, a Tantalizing Romance: Past and Present Europe for
Students and the Serious Traveler (https://books.google.com/books?id=BQyk0nJNsxUC&pg=PA
174). University Press of America. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-7618-0411-6.
39. Andres Kasekamp (2017). A History of the Baltic States (https://books.google.com/books?id=QD
A5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9). Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-137-
57366-7.
40. Ochmański (1982), p. 37
41. Eidintas et al. (2013), pp. 24–25
42. Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998). A history of Eastern Europe: crisis and change. Routledge.
p. 122. ISBN 978-0-415-16111-4.
43. "Lithuania (02/08)" (https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/lithuania/101494.htm). U.S.
Department of State.
44. Gudavičius, Edvardas (1999) Lietuvos Istorija: Nuo Seniausių Laikų iki 1569 Metų (Lithuanian
History: From Ancient Times to the Year 1569) Vilnius, page 28, ISBN 5-420-00723-1
45. Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Mindaugas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/mindaugas/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
46. "Lithuania - History" (https://www.britannica.com/place/Lithuania/History). Encyclopædia
Britannica. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
47. Gudavičius, Edvardas; Jasas, Rimantas. "Kryžiaus karai Baltijos regione" (https://www.vle.lt/strai
psnis/kryziaus-karai-baltijos-regione/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved
3 November 2024.
48. "Traidenis" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/traidenis/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in
Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
49. Petrauskas, Rimvydas. "Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-di
dzioji-kunigaikstyste/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November
2024.
50. "Gediminaičiai" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/gediminaiciai/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in
Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
51. "Jogailaičiai" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jogailaiciai/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in
Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
52. Jasas, Rimantas. "Liublino unija" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/liublino-unija/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
53. Andriulis, Vytautas. "Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/treciasis-lietuvos-st
atutas/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
54. "Polonizacija" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/polonizacija/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in
Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
55. Raila, Eligijus. "ATR nelaimių šimtmetis" (http://www.xn--altiniai-4wb.info/index/details/102).
Šaltiniai.info. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
56. "Kėdainių sutartis" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kedainiu-sutartis/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
57. "Lietuvių sukilimas prieš švedus" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuviu-sukilimas-pries-svedus/).
Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
58. "1661 12 03 Vilniaus pilyje kapituliavo rusų įgula" (https://www.delfi.lt/archive/1661-12-03-vilniaus
-pilyje-kapituliavo-rusu-igula.d?id=26316243). DELFI (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November
2024.
59. "Emilija Platerytė" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/emilija-plateryte/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
(in Lithuanian).
60. "Lietuva Rusijos imperijos valdymo metais (1795–1914)" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuva-rusij
os-imperijos-valdymo-metais-1795-1914/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).
Retrieved 3 November 2024.
61. "January Insurrection" (https://www.britannica.com/event/January-Insurrection). Encyclopædia
Britannica. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
62. "Simonas Daukantas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/simonas-daukantas/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).
63. "Teodoras Narbutas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/teodoras-narbutas/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).
64. "XX a. pradžioje rusus suerzino paviešinti lietuvių knygnešystės mastai" (https://www.lrt.lt/naujien
os/tavo-lrt/15/22153/xx-a-pradzioje-rusus-suerzino-paviesinti-lietuviu-knygnesystes-mastai).
Lithuanian National Radio and Television (in Lithuanian). 28 July 2013. Retrieved 3 November
2024.
65. Merkys, Vytautas. "Lietuvių tautinis judėjimas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuviu-tautinis-judeji
mas/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
66. Lasinskas, Povilas. "Nepriklausomos Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimas (1918–1920)" (https://www.vl
e.lt/straipsnis/nepriklausomos-lietuvos-valstybes-atkurimas-1918-1920/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
67. Miknys, Rimantas. "Józef Piłsudski" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jozef-pilsudski/). Visuotinė
lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
68. "Kauno istorija" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kauno-istorija/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in
Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
69. Lasinskas, Povilas. "Lietuvos Respublika 1920–1940" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-respu
blika-1920-1940/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
70. "Lietuvos istorija" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-istorija/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
(in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
71. Juodis, Darius. "Jonas Žemaitis" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jonas-zemaitis/). Visuotinė lietuvių
enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2024.
72. Ramanauskaitė-Skokauskienė, Auksutė. "Adolfas Ramanauskas" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/ad
olfas-ramanauskas/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November
2024.
73. Imogen Bell (2002). Central and South-Eastern Europe 2003 (https://books.google.com/books?id
=4CrpzRJCbckC&pg=PA376). Psychology Press. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-85743-136-0.
74. "Lithuania breaks away from the Soviet Union" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/1990/mar/12/
eu.politics). The Guardian. London. 12 March 1990. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190
921161738/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1990/mar/12/eu.politics) from the original on 21
September 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2018. "Lithuania last night became the first republic to break
away from the Soviet Union, by proclaiming the restoration of its pre-war independence. The
newly-elected parliament, 'reflecting the people's will,' decreed the restoration of 'the sovereign
rights of the Lithuanian state, infringed by alien forces in 1940,' and declared that from that
moment Lithuania was again an independent state"
75. Martha Brill Olcott (1990). "The Lithuanian Crisis" (https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian
-federation/1990-06-01/lithuanian-crisis). www.foreignaffairs.com. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20210720055455/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1990-06-01/lit
huanian-crisis) from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2018. "For over two
years Lithuania has been moving toward reclaiming its independence. This drive reached a
crescendo on 11 March 1990, when the Supreme Soviet of Lithuania declared the republic no
longer bound by Soviet law. The act reasserted the independence Lithuania had declared more
than seventy years before, a declaration unilaterally annulled by the U.S.S.R. in 1940 when it
annexed Lithuania as the result of a pact between Stalin and Hitler."
76. Laurinavičius, Česlovas. "Lietuvos Respublika po 1990" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-res
publika-po-1990/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).
77. "10 svarbiausių 1991–ųjų sausio įvykių, kuriuos privalote žinoti" (https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/ak
tualu/lietuva/10-svarbiausiu-1991-uju-sausio-ivykiu-kuriuos-privalote-zinoti-56-565845). 15min.lt.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210625115355/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lie
tuva/10-svarbiausiu-1991-uju-sausio-ivykiu-kuriuos-privalote-zinoti-56-565845) from the original
on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
78. "On This Day 13 January 1991: Bloodshed at Lithuanian TV station" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthi
sday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm). BBC News. 13 January 1991.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171109010731/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/date
s/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm) from the original on 9 November 2017.
Retrieved 13 September 2011.
79. Bill Keller (14 January 1991). "Soviet crackdown; Soviet loyalists in charge after attack in
Lithuania; 13 dead; curfew is imposed" (https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/14/world/soviet-crackd
own-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-curfew.html?pagewanted=all). The
New York Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417195108/https://www.nytimes.c
om/1991/01/14/world/soviet-crackdown-soviet-loyalists-charge-after-attack-lithuania-13-dead-cur
few.html?pagewanted=all) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
80. Richard J. Krickus (June 1997). "Democratization in Lithuania" (https://books.google.com/books?
id=NRkpNovMd_cC&pg=PA344). In K. Dawisha and B. Parrott (ed.). The Consolidation of
Democracy in East-Central Europe (https://archive.org/details/consolidationofd0000unse/page/3
44). Cambridge University Press. p. 344 (https://archive.org/details/consolidationofd0000unse/pa
ge/344). ISBN 978-0-521-59938-2.
81. "WTO - Accessions: Lithuania" (https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_lituanie_e.htm).
www.wto.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210531070148/https://www.wto.org/englis
h/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_lituanie_e.htm) from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 30 March
2021.
82. "Lithuania's membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)" (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20210417181725/https://www.urm.lt/default/en/foreign-policy/lithuania-in-the-region-and-t
he-world/lithuanias-security-policy/lithuanian-membership-in-nato). Urm.lt. 5 February 2014.
Archived from the original (https://www.urm.lt/default/en/foreign-policy/lithuania-in-the-region-and
-the-world/lithuanias-security-policy/lithuanian-membership-in-nato) on 17 April 2021. Retrieved
30 March 2021.
83. "Membership" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210626050010/https://www.urm.lt/default/en/foreig
n-policy/lithuania-in-the-region-and-the-world/lithuania-member-of-the-european-union/members
hip). Urm.lt. 6 January 2016. Archived from the original (https://www.urm.lt/default/en/foreign-poli
cy/lithuania-in-the-region-and-the-world/lithuania-member-of-the-european-union/membership)
on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
84. "Lithuania has joined the Schengen Area" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210626050010/http://n
o.mfa.lt/no/en/news/lithuania-has-joined-the-schengen-area). mfa.lt. 16 January 2008. Archived
from the original (http://no.mfa.lt/no/en/news/lithuania-has-joined-the-schengen-area) on 26 June
2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
85. Kropaite, Zivile (1 January 2015). "Lithuania joins Baltic neighbours in euro club" (https://www.bb
c.com/news/world-europe-30635826). BBC News. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202107
03111641/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30635826) from the original on 3 July 2021.
Retrieved 30 March 2021.
86. "Lithuania officially becomes the 36th OECD member" (https://web.archive.org/web/2021070310
5900/https://lrv.lt/en/news/lithuania-officially-becomes-the-36th-oecd-member). lrv.lt. 5 July 2018.
Archived from the original (https://lrv.lt/en/news/lithuania-officially-becomes-the-36th-oecd-memb
er) on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
87. "Lithuania President Re-elected on Anti-Russian Platform" (https://www.voanews.com/a/lithuania
-president-re-elected-on-anti-russian-platform/1922612.html). VOA. 26 May 2014. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20230408194013/https://www.voanews.com/a/lithuania-president-re-ele
cted-on-anti-russian-platform/1922612.html) from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April
2023.
88. "Lithuania declares state of emergency after Russia invades Ukraine" (https://www.reuters.com/
world/europe/lithuania-declares-state-emergency-after-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-02-24/).
Reuters. 24 February 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220224145525/https://www.
reuters.com/world/europe/lithuania-declares-state-emergency-after-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-
02-24/) from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
89. Cook, Lorne (24 February 2022). "NATO vows to defend its entire territory after Russia attack" (h
ttps://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-russia-vladimir-putin-71bf9d3687e1a0
4f11dfb895639a13ca). Associated Press. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2022022409515
4/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-russia-vladimir-putin-71bf9d3687e1
a04f11dfb895639a13ca) from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
90. "2023 NATO Summit" (https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/216570.htm). NATO. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20230922050539/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/216570.htm) from the
original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
91. "Lithuania" (https://www.canada.ca/en/sr/srb/sra.html?_charset_=UTF-8&allq=Lithuania&exctq=
&anyq=&noneq=&fqupdate=&dmn=&fqocct=). Canada.ca. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20210308023811/https://www.canada.ca/en/sr/srb/sra.html?_charset_=UTF-8&allq=Lithuania&e
xctq=&anyq=&noneq=&fqupdate=&dmn=&fqocct=) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved
18 June 2020.
92. Jan S. Krogh. "Other Places of Interest: Central Europe" (http://geosite.jankrogh.com/other.htm).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191102041242/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/other.htm)
from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
 93. "Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin – The BACC Project – 22–23 May
2006, Göteborg, Sweden" (https://www.baltex-research.eu/BACC/events/goteborg/Poster_2_1.p
df) (PDF). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130920123716/http://www.baltex-research.e
u/BACC/events/goteborg/Poster_2_1.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2013.
Retrieved 25 April 2010.
94. G. Sakalauskiene and G. Ignatavicius (2003). "Research Note: Effect of drought and fires on the
quality of water in Lithuanian rivers" (https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00304792/file/hess-7-42
3-2003.pdf) (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 7 (3): 423–427.
Bibcode:2003HESS....7..423S (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003HESS....7..423S).
doi:10.5194/hess-7-423-2003 (https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-7-423-2003). Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20210623222136/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00304792/file/hess-7-423
-2003.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
95. "Nida and The Curonian Spit, The Insider's Guide to Visiting" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210
411032201/https://vanlifetribe.com/nida-guide-baltic-coast/). VanLife Tribe. 23 September 2016.
Archived from the original (https://www.vanlifetribe.com/nida-guide-baltic-coast/) on 11 April
2021. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
96. "Aplinkos apsaugos įstatymas" (https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.E2780B68DE62/vsPTF
QpUEB). e-tar.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180428011804/https://www.e-tar.lt/port
al/lt/legalAct/TAR.E2780B68DE62/vsPTFQpUEB) from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved
27 April 2018.
97. "EU climate action" (https://ec.europa.eu/clima/citizens/eu_en). European Commission. 23
November 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210522200534/https://ec.europa.eu/cli
ma/citizens/eu_en) from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
98. "Europa suskubo paskui Lietuvą: kuo skiriasi šalių užstato sistemos?" (https://www.15min.lt/nauji
ena/aktualu/lietuva/europa-suskubo-paskui-lietuva-kuo-skiriasi-saliu-uzstato-sistemos-56-96894
0). 15min.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222136/https://www.15min.lt/naujien
a/aktualu/lietuva/europa-suskubo-paskui-lietuva-kuo-skiriasi-saliu-uzstato-sistemos-56-968940)
from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
99. "Gamta" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180322151518/http://www.lithuania.travel/lt/objektai/gam
ta-/80). lithuania.travel (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (http://www.lithuania.travel/lt/obj
ektai/gamta-/80) on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
100. Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial
Realm" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287). BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545.
doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014). ISSN 0006-3568 (http
s://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568). PMC 5451287 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article
s/PMC5451287). PMID 28608869 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608869).
101. Lietuvos gamtinė aplinka, būklė, procesai ir raida (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222205/
http://files.gamta.lt/aaa/pranesimai/Lietuvos_gamtine_aplinka_bukle_procesai_ir_raida.pdf)
(PDF). Vilnius: Aplinkos apsaugos agentūra. 2008. p. 167. ISBN 978-9955-815-27-3. Archived
from the original (http://files.gamta.lt/aaa/pranesimai/Lietuvos_gamtine_aplinka_bukle_procesai_
ir_raida.pdf) (PDF) on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
102. "Lietuvos nacionaliniai parkai" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222205/https://aplinka.lt/liet
uvos-nacionaliniai-parkai). aplinka.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (https://aplinka.lt/li
etuvos-nacionaliniai-parkai) on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
103. "Regioniniai parkai" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191020225309/http://www.vstt.lt/VI/index.php
#r/13). vstt.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.vstt.lt/VI/index.php#r/13) on 20 October
2019. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
104. "Draustiniai" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191020225309/http://www.vstt.lt/VI/index.php#r/10).
vstt.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.vstt.lt/VI/index.php#r/10) on 20 October 2019.
Retrieved 27 April 2018.
105. "Apie gamtos paveldo objektus" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191020225309/http://www.vstt.lt/
VI/index.php#r/159). vstt.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.vstt.lt/VI/index.php#r/159) on
20 October 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
106. Klimka, Libertas (26 March 2015). "Kodėl gandras – nacionalinis paukštis?" (http://www.lrt.lt/nauji
enos/nuomones/10/97041/libertas-klimka-kodel-gandras-nacionalinis-paukstis). LRT (in
Lithuanian). Retrieved 26 March 2015.
107. "Storks" (https://www.lonelyplanet.com/lithuania/eastern-southern-lithuania/background/other-fea
tures/eaf58144-ae01-405e-b1bf-7dc3e3590743/a/nar/eaf58144-ae01-405e-b1bf-7dc3e3590743/
360111). Lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
108. "Lithuania – Biodiversity Facts" (https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/default.shtml?country=lt#fac
ts). cbd.int. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190625190338/https://www.cbd.int/countrie
s/profile/default.shtml?country=lt#facts) from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved
24 February 2018.
109. "Fauna of Lithuania" (http://www.truelithuania.com/tag/fauna-of-lithuania). TrueLithuania.com.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222334/http://www.truelithuania.com/tag/fauna-o
f-lithuania) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
110. (in Lithuanian) Nuo 1991 m. iki šiol paskelbtų referendumų rezultatai (http://www3.lrs.lt/docs2/QK
VXRGNF.DOC) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080909201701/http://www3.lrs.lt/docs2/
QKVXRGNF.DOC) 9 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Microsoft Word Document,
Seimas. Retrieved 4 June 2006.
111. "Presidential Functions" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190510181051/https://www.lrp.lt/en/instit
ution/presidential-functions/20800). lrp.lt. Archived from the original (https://www.lrp.lt/en/institutio
n/presidential-functions/20800) on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
112. "Rezultatai – Respublikos Prezidento rinkimai 2019" (https://rinkimai.maps.lt/rinkimai2019/prezid
entas/). rinkimai.maps.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222741/https://rinkimai.
maps.lt/rinkimai2019/prezidentas/) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
113. "Nausėda claims landslide victory in Lithuania's presidential run-off" (https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in
-english/19/2278660/nauseda-claims-landslide-victory-in-lithuania-s-presidential-run-off). lrt.lt. 26
May 2024. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
114. "Seimo rinkimai" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210420150504/https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.sho
w?p_r=15405&p_k=1). lrs.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=154
05&p_k=1) on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
115. Baronienė, Daiva. "Teisę balsuoti Lietuvos moterys gavo vienos pirmųjų pasaulyje" (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20190511092317/https://www.lzinios.lt/Gimtasis-krastas/teise-balsuoti-lietuvos-m
oterys-gavo-vienos-pirmuju-pasaulyje/287033). Lzinios.lt. Archived from the original (https://www.
lzinios.lt/Gimtasis-krastas/teise-balsuoti-lietuvos-moterys-gavo-vienos-pirmuju-pasaulyje/28703
3) on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
116. Saarts, Tõnis. "Comparative Party System Analysis in Central and Eastern Europe: the Case of
the Baltic States" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212154/http://www.tlu.ee/stss/wp-conte
nt/uploads/2011/11/stss_nov_2011_saarts.pdf) (PDF). Studies of Transition States and
Societies. Archived from the original (http://www.tlu.ee/stss/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/stss_no
v_2011_saarts.pdf) (PDF) on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
117. "Lithuanian parliament amends Constitution to allow direct mayoral elections" (https://www.lrt.lt/e
n/news-in-english/19/1677980/lithuanian-parliament-amends-constitution-to-allow-direct-mayoral
-elections). lrt.lt. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
118. "Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo rinkimų įstatymas" (https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.06267
D86738E/lyGURhvddO). e-tar.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180414234446/https://
www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.06267D86738E/lyGURhvddO) from the original on 14 April
2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
119. "Rezultatai - vrk.lt" (https://www.vrk.lt/2020-seimo/rezultatai). www.vrk.lt. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20210627231053/https://www.vrk.lt/2020-seimo/rezultatai) from the original on 27
June 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
120. "Lithuania to get new conservative-liberal coalition prime minister" (https://news.err.ee/1151388/li
thuania-to-get-new-conservative-liberal-coalition-prime-minister). ERR. 26 October 2020.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191035/https://news.err.ee/1151388/lithuania-to-
get-new-conservative-liberal-coalition-prime-minister) from the original on 17 April 2021.
Retrieved 7 April 2021.
121. "Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania" (http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm).
The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2006011708045
8/http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm) from the original on 17 January 2006.
Retrieved 31 July 2015.
122. "Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidento rinkimų įstatymas" (https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.E
39827DBDE34/rYdcColjED). e-tar.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181018201550/htt
ps://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.E39827DBDE34/rYdcColjED) from the original on 18
October 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
123. "Nausėda claims landslide victory in Lithuania's presidential run-off" (https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in
-english/19/2278660/nauseda-claims-landslide-victory-in-lithuania-s-presidential-run-off). lrt.lt. 26
May 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
124. "VRK priėmė svarbius sprendimus artėjančių savivaldybių tarybų rinkimų klausimais" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20150212040822/http://www.vrk.lt/naujienos/-/content/10180/1/vrk-prieme-sva
rbius-sprendimus-artejanciu-savivaldybiu-tarybu-rinkimu-klausimais) [CEC took important
decisions regarding the upcoming election to municipal councils] (in Lithuanian). Central
Electoral Commission. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.vrk.lt/naujieno
s/-/content/10180/1/vrk-prieme-svarbius-sprendimus-artejanciu-savivaldybiu-tarybu-rinkimu-klau
simais) on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
125. "Lietuvos Respublikos savivaldybių tarybų rinkimų įstatymas" (https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAc
t/TAR.336A4B109EBC/HEexqWkxmV). e-tar.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180414
234518/https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.336A4B109EBC/HEexqWkxmV) from the
original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
126. "2015 m. kovo 1 d. Lietuvos Respublikos savivaldybių tarybų rinkimai" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20180414234238/http://www.vrk.lt/2015-savivaldybiu-tarybu). vrk.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived
from the original (http://www.vrk.lt/2015-savivaldybiu-tarybu) on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April
2018.
127. "European Parliament 2014" (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/us/en/elections_2014.html).
European Parliament Liaison Office with U.S. Congress. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0170314172522/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/us/en/elections_2014.html/) from the original on
14 March 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
128. "Lietuvos Respublikos rinkimų į Europos Parlamentą įstatymas" (https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legal
Act/TAR.FE3C428580B8/DOAAhMeuda). e-tar.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2018101
8201545/https://www.e-tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/TAR.FE3C428580B8/DOAAhMeuda) from the
original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
129. "2019 m. gegužės 26 d. Europos Parlamento rinkimai" (https://www.vrk.lt/2019-europos-parlame
nto). vrk.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623221103/https://www.vrk.lt/2019-europ
os-parlamento) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
130. Matulienė, Snieguolė; Spruogis, Ernestas. "Lietuvos teisės šaltiniai" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/l
ietuvos-teises-saltiniai/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20220222211158/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-teises-saltiniai/) from the
original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
131. "Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/geguzes-treciosios-konstitucija/).
Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202202222
11200/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/geguzes-treciosios-konstitucija/) from the original on 22
February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
132. Gliožaitis, Algirdas. "Neumanno-Sasso byla" (https://www.mle.lt/straipsniai/neumanno-sasso-byl
a) [The Case of Neumann-Sass]. Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20220212210419/https://www.mle.lt/straipsniai/neumanno-sasso-byla)
from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
133. "Lietuvos Konstitucija" (http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Konstitucija.htm). lrs.lt. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210612091928/https://www.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Konstitucija.htm)
from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
134. "Nuo 2014 m. sausio 1 d. teisės aktai oficialiai skelbiami Teisės aktų registre" (http://www3.lrs.lt/p
ls/inter/w5_show?p_r=4443&p_d=143651&p_k=1). 3.lrs.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20210623223041/https://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_show?p_r=4443&p_d=143651&
p_k=1) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
135. "Nacionalinės teisės aktų derinimo su Europos Sąjungos teise metodiniai nurodymai" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20180218090653/http://www.etd.lt/index.php?189546198). etd.lt. Archived
from the original (http://www.etd.lt/index.php?189546198) on 18 February 2018. Retrieved
22 October 2004.
136. "LRT dokumentikos ciklas "Nematoma Lietuvos istorija" – apie valstybės pergalę prieš mafiją" (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20180228223636/http://www.lrt.lt/televizija/anonsai/22093/lrt-dokumen
tikos-ciklas-nematoma-lietuvos-istorija-apie-valstybes-pergale-pries-mafija). LRT (in Lithuanian).
Archived from the original (http://www.lrt.lt/televizija/anonsai/22093/lrt-dokumentikos-ciklas-nema
toma-lietuvos-istorija-apie-valstybes-pergale-pries-mafija) on 28 February 2018. Retrieved
5 September 2016.
137. "Lithuania 2017 Crime & Safety Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170508011825/https://w
ww.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21469). 8 May 2017. Archived from the
original (https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21469) on 8 May 2017.
138. "Lietuvos policija" (https://policija.lrv.lt/). policija.lrv.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20210630082829/https://policija.lrv.lt/) from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved
31 March 2018.
139. "Užregistruota ir ištirta nusikalstamų veikų (2017 / Sausis – Gruodis)" (https://www.ird.lt/lt/paslau
gos/nusikalstamu-veiku-zinybinio-registro-nvzr-paslaugos/ataskaitos-1/nusikalstamumo-ir-ikiteis
miniu-tyrimu-statistika-1/view_item_datasource?id=6763&datasource=18743). Ird.lt (in
Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190249/https://www.ird.lt/lt/paslaugo
s/nusikalstamu-veiku-zinybinio-registro-nvzr-paslaugos/ataskaitos-1/nusikalstamumo-ir-ikiteismin
iu-tyrimu-statistika-1/view_item_datasource?id=6763&datasource=18743) from the original on 1
August 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
140. Lithuania's EU Anti-Corruption Report (https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/w
hat-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption/anti-corruption-report/docs/
2014_acr_lithuania_chapter_en.pdf) (PDF). Brussels: European Commission. 2014. pp. 2–3.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308122240/https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/h
omeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption/anti-corru
ption-report/docs/2014_acr_lithuania_chapter_en.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021.
Retrieved 2 April 2018.
141. "Korupcija Lietuvoje: prarandame milijonus, jei ne milijardus" (http://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietu
va/salies-pulsas/korupcija-lietuvoje-prarandame-milijonus-jei-ne-milijardus-733110).
kauno.diena.lt. 7 February 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210627233814/https://
kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/korupcija-lietuvoje-prarandame-milijonus-jei-ne-mili
jardus-733110) from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
142. "Siūlymas grąžinti mirties bausmę pripažintas prieštaraujančiu Konstitucijai" (https://www.delfi.lt/n
ews/daily/lithuania/siulymas-grazinti-mirties-bausme-pripazintas-priestaraujanciu-konstitucijai.d?i
d=62993028). DELFI.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181834/https://www.delf
i.lt/news/daily/lithuania/siulymas-grazinti-mirties-bausme-pripazintas-priestaraujanciu-konstitucija
i.d?id=62993028) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
143. "Kuo mažiau pasitikėjimo, tuo pilnesni kalėjimai: Lietuva kalinių skaičiumi pirmauja" (https://web.
archive.org/web/20170812032325/http://lzinios.lt/lzinios/Lietuva/kuo-maziau-pasitikejimo-tuo-piln
esni-kalejimai-lietuva-kaliniu-skaiciumi-pirmauja/248403). LZINIOS.lt. Archived from the original
(https://www.lzinios.lt/lzinios/lietuva/kuo-maziau-pasitikejimo-tuo-pilnesni-kalejimai-lietuva-kaliniu
-skaiciumi-pirmauja/248403) on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
144. (in Lithuanian) (Republic of Lithuania Annul Law on County Governing) (http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inte
r3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=349513) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016020516201
1/http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=349513) 5 February 2016 at the
Wayback Machine, Seimas law database, 7 July 2009, Law no. XI-318.
145. (in Lithuanian) Justinas Vanagas, Seimo Seimas įteisino tiesioginius merų rinkimus (https://www.
delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-iteisino-tiesioginius-meru-rinkimus.d?id=65139619) Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20171014091111/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-itei
sino-tiesioginius-meru-rinkimus.d?id=65139619) 14 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine,
Delfi.lt, 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
146. (in Lithuanian) Lietuvos Respublikos vietos savivaldos įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymas (http://www
3.lrs.lt/pls/inter2/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=146527) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
30919182519/http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter2/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=146527) 19 September
2013 at the Wayback Machine, Seimas law database, 12 October 2000, Law no. VIII-2018.
Retrieved 3 June 2006.
147. (in Lithuanian) Indrė Makaraitytė, Europos Sąjungos pinigai kaimo neišgelbės (https://wayback.a
rchive-it.org/all/20171014091123/https://www.delfi.lt/archive/europos-sajungos-pinigai-kaimo-nei
sgelbes.d?id=5663231), Atgimimas, Delfi.lt, 16 December 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2006.
148. "Resident population at the beginning of the year" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analiz
e?indicator=S3R167#/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230508162636/https://osp.stat.
gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?indicator=S3R167#/) from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved
15 December 2023.
149. "BENDRASIS VIDAUS PRODUKTAS PAGAL APSKRITIS 2022 M." (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/inform
aciniai-pranesimai?articleId=11709298) osp.stat.gov.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
231215154029/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?articleId=11709298) from the
original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
150. "Lithuania's accession to the OECD" (http://www.oecd.org/countries/lithuania/lithuania-accession
-to-the-oecd.htm). OECD. 5 July 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180705150906/h
ttps://www.oecd.org/countries/lithuania/lithuania-accession-to-the-oecd.htm) from the original on
5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
151. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs: List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic
relations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140209094022/http://www.urm.lt/index.php?94983698
1). Urm.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.urm.lt/index.php?949836981) on 9 February
2014. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
152. "Home – Baltic Development Forum" (http://www.bdforum.org/). Baltic Development Forum.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426202715/http://www.bdforum.org/) from the
original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
153. "Situation of Polish minorities in Lithuania is a discrimination of EU citizens" (http://media.efhr.eu/
2017/05/09/situation-polish-minorities-lithuania-discrimination-eu-citizens/). European
Foundation of Human Rights. 9 May 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202106272247
30/https://media.efhr.eu/2017/05/09/situation-polish-minorities-lithuania-discrimination-eu-citizen
s/) from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
154. "Dyskryminacja Polaków na Litwie. Zbierają pieniądze na grzywnę" (https://www.polskieradio.pl/
5/3/Artykul/1028881,Dyskryminacja-Polakow-na-Litwie-Zbieraja-pieniadze-na-grzywne). Polskie
Radio. 20 January 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222405/https://www.pol
skieradio.pl/5/3/Artykul/1028881,Dyskryminacja-Polakow-na-Litwie-Zbieraja-pieniadze-na-grzyw
ne) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
155. "Walesa declines Lithuanian honour (http://thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/54645,Walesa-declines-Lithu
anian-honour) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171014092518/http://thenews.pl/1/10/Art
ykul/54645,Walesa-declines-Lithuanian-honour) 14 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine".
Radio Poland. 7 September 2011.
156. "Valdo Adamkaus bulvaras Gruzijoje" (http://global.truelithuania.com/lt/tag/valdas-adamkus-boule
vard-in-anaklia-georgia/). True Lithuania (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
210623223004/http://global.truelithuania.com/lt/tag/valdas-adamkus-boulevard-in-anaklia-georgi
a/) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
157. "Premjeras: Lietuvą ir Gruziją sieja daugiau nei paprasta draugystė" (https://ministraspirmininkas.
lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/premjeras-lietuva-ir-gruzija-sieja-daugiau-nei-paprasta-draugyste).
MinistrasPirmininkas.LRV.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202106232227
40/https://ministraspirmininkas.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/premjeras-lietuva-ir-gruzija-sieja-daugiau-nei-pap
rasta-draugyste) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
158. "L. Linkevičius: esame pasirengę remti Gruziją ruošiantis ES Rytų partnerystės viršūnių
susitikimui" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222040/https://ua.mfa.lt/default/lt/naujienos/l-li
nkevicius-esame-pasirenge-remti-gruzija-ruosiantis-es-rytu-partnerystes-virsuniu-susitikimui-).
ua.mfa.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (https://ua.mfa.lt/default/lt/naujienos/l-linkevici
us-esame-pasirenge-remti-gruzija-ruosiantis-es-rytu-partnerystes-virsuniu-susitikimui-) on 23
June 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
159. "V.Adamkus išskrenda į rusų okupuojamą Gruziją" (https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pasauli
s/v.adamkus-isskrenda-i-rusu-okupuojama-gruzija-atnaujinta-07.36-val-57-2552). 15min.lt.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222226/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/pa
saulis/v.adamkus-isskrenda-i-rusu-okupuojama-gruzija-atnaujinta-07.36-val-57-2552) from the
original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
160. "V.Adamkus: mes esame su Gruzija" (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/vadamkus-mes-esa
me-su-gruzija.d?id=18078623). DELFI. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194857/
https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/vadamkus-mes-esame-su-gruzija.d?id=18078623) from
the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
161. "Renkamos aukos nukentėjusiems nuo karo Gruzijoje" (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/re
nkamos-aukos-nukentejusiems-nuo-karo-gruzijoje.d?id=18053959). DELFI. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20210417192337/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/renkamos-aukos-nuk
entejusiems-nuo-karo-gruzijoje.d?id=18053959) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved
11 August 2008.
162. "Bažnyčia ragina nelikti abejingiems karui Gruzijoje" (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/baz
nycia-ragina-nelikti-abejingiems-karui-gruzijoje.d?id=18071947). DELFI. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20210417194918/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/baznycia-ragina-nelikti-a
bejingiems-karui-gruzijoje.d?id=18071947) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved
11 August 2008.
163. Maurer, Andreas; Reichel, Sarah; Jonas, Alexandra. "The Future European Commission The
Debate Regarding Leadership, Collegiality and Tasks" (https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/pr
oducts/comments/comments2004_25_mrr_ks.pdf) (PDF). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20221028104308/https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/comments2004_2
5_mrr_ks.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
164. Hollar, Sherman (1 June 2012). "Dalia Grybauskaite president of Lithuania" (https://www.britanni
ca.com/biography/Dalia-Grybauskaite). Britannica. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202011
03162421/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dalia-Grybauskaite) from the original on 3
November 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
165. "Chad, Chile, Lithuania, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia elected to serve on UN Security Council" (http
s://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=46277&Cr=security+council&Cr1=#.UmFPr1OWDt
k). Un.org. 17 October 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131020020717/http://www.
un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=46277&Cr=security+council&Cr1=#.UmFPr1OWDtk) from
the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
166. "Lithuania calls UN Security Council meeting on Ukraine" (http://uatoday.tv/geopolitics/lithuania-c
alls-un-security-council-meeting-on-ukraine-403385.html). Uatoday.tv. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20160603213903/http://uatoday.tv/geopolitics/lithuania-calls-un-security-council-meet
ing-on-ukraine-403385.html) from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
167. Lankininkaitė, Rūta. "Ukrainiečiai: Lietuva – mums pavyzdys" (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/worl
d/ukrainieciai-lietuva-mums-pavyzdys.d?id=67403332). DELFI, LRT. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20210417194911/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/world/ukrainieciai-lietuva-mums-pavyz
dys.d?id=67403332) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
168. "The Baltic 'Iron Lady': Putin's solitary foe" (http://www.politico.eu/article/the-baltic-iron-lady-putin
s-solitary-foe-dalia-grybauskaite/). Politico.eu. 21 May 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20210703110448/https://www.politico.eu/article/the-baltic-iron-lady-putins-solitary-foe-dalia-gr
ybauskaite/) from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
169. "Prestigious Peace of Westphalia Prize – for Lithuania and the Baltic states" (https://web.archive.
org/web/20210703111813/https://www.lrp.lt/en/press-centre/press-releases/prestigious-peace-of
-westphalia-prize-for-lithuania-and-the-baltic-states/29212). Lrp.lt. Archived from the original (http
s://www.lrp.lt/en/press-centre/press-releases/prestigious-peace-of-westphalia-prize-for-lithuania-
and-the-baltic-states/29212) on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
170. "EU condemning Turkey is only the beginning, says Lithuanian Foreign Minister" (https://www.lrt.l
t/naujienos/news-in-english/19/1106677/eu-condemning-turkey-is-only-the-beginning-says-lithua
nian-foreign-minister). LRT RADIJAS. 14 October 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0210623221806/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/news-in-english/19/1106677/eu-condemning-turkey-i
s-only-the-beginning-says-lithuanian-foreign-minister) from the original on 23 June 2021.
Retrieved 18 October 2019.
171. Lau, Stuart; Moens, Barbara (16 December 2021). "China's trade attack on Lithuania exposes
EU's powerlessness" (https://www.politico.eu/article/china-trade-attack-on-lithuania-exposes-eu-
powerlessness/). politico.eu. Politico. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211216201946/htt
ps://www.politico.eu/article/china-trade-attack-on-lithuania-exposes-eu-powerlessness/) from the
original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
172. "China blocking EU imports with Lithuanian components over Taiwan row, says Brussels" (http
s://www.euronews.com/2021/12/24/china-blocking-eu-imports-with-lithuanian-components-over-t
aiwan-row-says-brussels). Euronews. 24 December 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20211227134522/https://www.euronews.com/2021/12/24/china-blocking-eu-imports-with-lithuani
an-components-over-taiwan-row-says-brussels) from the original on 27 December 2021.
Retrieved 27 December 2021.
173. "Intelligence warns of Chinese services' increased attention to Lithuania's internal affair" (https://
www.baltictimes.com/intelligence_warns_of_chinese_services__increased_attention_to_lithuani
a_s_internal_affair/). www.baltictimes.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202403080334
06/https://www.baltictimes.com/intelligence_warns_of_chinese_services__increased_attention_t
o_lithuania_s_internal_affair/) from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
174. "Lithuania to host 2023 NATO summit, first event 'of such a scale' " (https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-
english/19/1431705/lithuania-to-host-2023-nato-summit-first-event-of-such-a-scale). Lrt.lt. 15
June 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210625161817/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-
english/19/1431705/lithuania-to-host-2023-nato-summit-first-event-of-such-a-scale) from the
original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
175. IISS (2019). The Military Balance 2019. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-988-5.
176. "Conscription notices to be sent to 37,000 men in Lithuania" (https://en.delfi.lt/politics/conscriptio
n-notices-to-be-sent-to-37-000-men-in-lithuania.d?id=67940028). DELFI. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20201103002530/https://en.delfi.lt/politics/conscription-notices-to-be-sent-to-37-00
0-men-in-lithuania.d?id=67940028) from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 24 July
2019.
177. "LR Krašto apsaugos ministerija" (https://kam.lt/en/international-operations-and-training-mission
s/). 31 May 2024.
178. "2024 training cycle for the Ukrainian military begins: Lithuanian instructors depart for Operation
Interflex | Lithuanian army" (https://www.kariuomene.lt/en/2024-training-cycle-for-the-ukrainian-m
ilitary-begins-lithuanian-instructors-depart-for-operation-interflex/25739).
179. (in Lithuanian) In remembrance (http://kariuomene.kam.lt/en/international_operations_1446/in_re
membrance.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181018173406/http://kariuomene.ka
m.lt/en/international_operations_1446/in_remembrance.html) 18 October 2018 at the Wayback
Machine. Kariuomene.kam.lt. Retrieved on 24 December 2011.
180. "White Paper Lithuanian defence policy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031046/http://ww
w.kam.lt/kam/download/7963/bk-en1.pdf) (PDF). Kam.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the
original (http://www.kam.lt/kam/download/7963/bk-en1.pdf) (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved
25 April 2010.
181. "Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2020)" (https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/
assets/pdf/2021/3/pdf/210316-pr-2020-30-en.pdf) (PDF). NATO. 16 March 2021. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210505115056/https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/202
1/3/pdf/210316-pr-2020-30-en.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 23 April
2021.
182. "Lithuania's president calls for more NATO troops" (https://wtvbam.com/2022/04/22/lithuanias-pr
esident-calls-for-more-nato-troops/). WTVB. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
183. "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" (https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-dat
abase/2020/October/weo-report). IMF.
184. "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20180111190936/https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519).
Datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. 11 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://datahelpdesk.
worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519) on 11 January 2018.
185. "GDP – composition, by sector of origin" (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithua
nia/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-fact
book/countries/lithuania/) from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
186. "7 Invitees – Lithuania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180111192030/https://www.nato.int/invite
es2004/lithuania/chronology.htm). Nato.int. 11 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://w
ww.nato.int/invitees2004/lithuania/chronology.htm) on 11 January 2018.
187. "EUROPA – EU member countries in brief – European Union" (https://web.archive.org/web/2018
0111191856/https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries_en).
Europa.eu. 11 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://europa.eu/european-union/about
-eu/countries/member-countries_en) on 11 January 2018.
188. "Lithuania in the Schengen area – Coming to Lithuania – Travel and Residence – Ministry of
Foreign Affairs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180111191923/https://il.mfa.lt/il/en/travel-and-resi
dence/coming-to-lithuania/lithuania-in-the-schengen-area). 11 January 2018. Archived from the
original (https://il.mfa.lt/il/en/travel-and-residence/coming-to-lithuania/lithuania-in-the-schengen-a
rea) on 11 January 2018.
189. "ISO Currency – ISO 4217 Amendment Number 159" (http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloa
ds/dl_currency_iso_amendment_159.docx). Currency Code Services – ISO 4217 Maintenance
Agency. SIX Interbank Clearing. 15 August 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021043
0211020/https://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/dl_currency_iso_amendment_159.docx)
from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
190. "Lithuanian export map" (https://www.enterpriselithuania.com/en/lithuanian-export-map/2017-2/).
Enterpriselithuania.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210703112426/https://www.ent
erpriselithuania.com/en/lithuanian-export-map/2017-2/) from the original on 3 July 2021.
Retrieved 7 April 2018.
191. "Where does Lithuania export to? (2016)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171024223637/http://at
las.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/ltu/show/all/2016/). Archived from the
original (https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/ltu/show/all/2016/) on 24
October 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
192. "Lithuania Exports of goods and services % of GDP 1988–2017" (https://wits.worldbank.org/Cou
ntryProfile/en/country/LTU/startyear/LTST/endyear/LTST/indicator/NE-EXP-GNFS-ZS). Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192221/https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/count
ry/LTU/startyear/LTST/endyear/LTST/indicator/NE-EXP-GNFS-ZS) from the original on 17 April
2021. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
193. "Lithuanian Macroeconomic Review No 58" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134859/http
s://www.seb.lt/sites/default/files/web/document/lietuvos_ekonomikos_apzvalga_LMR/lmr58_0.pd
f) (PDF). SEB. December 2014. Archived from the original (https://www.seb.lt/sites/default/files/w
eb/document/lietuvos_ekonomikos_apzvalga_LMR/lmr58_0.pdf) (PDF) on 8 March 2021.
Retrieved 22 May 2015.
194. " "Lietuvos makroekonomikos apžvalga" nr. 62" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210703115931/ht
tps://www.seb.lt/documents/660/662). SEB. April 2014. Archived from the original (https://www.se
b.lt/documents/660/662) on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
195. "REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA. 2017 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION—PRESS RELEASE AND
STAFF REPORT" (https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/cr17177.ashx)
(PDF). IMF. p. 4. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210312130212/https://www.imf.org/~/
media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/cr17177.ashx) from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved
28 March 2018.
196. "Tiesioginės užsienio investicijos Lietuvoje pagal šalį – Lietuvos bankas" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20180109194528/https://www.lb.lt/lt/tiesiogines-uzsienio-investicijos-lietuvoje-pagal-sali-1).
9 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.lb.lt/lt/tiesiogines-uzsienio-investicijos-liet
uvoje-pagal-sali-1) on 9 January 2018.
197. Dencik, Jacob; Spee, Roel (July 2018). "Global Location Trends – 2018 Annual Report: Getting
ready for Globalization 4.0" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190410223308/https://public.dhe.ibm.
com/common/ssi/ecm/93/en/93017793usen/93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf) (PDF). IBM
Institute for Business Value. p. 7. Archived from the original (https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/
ssi/ecm/93/en/93017793usen/93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf) (PDF) on 10 April 2019.
Retrieved 15 September 2018. "Ireland continues to lead the world for attracting high-value
investment, generating substantial inward investment with strengths in key high-value sectors
such as ICT, financial and business services and life sciences. But Singapore is now a close
second, with Lithuania and Switzerland right behind."
198. "Lithuania FDI skyrockets in 2017" (https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Trend-Tracker/Lithuania-FDI-
skyrockets-in-2017). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308233716/https://www.fdiintell
igence.com/Trend-Tracker/Lithuania-FDI-skyrockets-in-2017) from the original on 8 March 2021.
Retrieved 21 March 2018.
199. "Lithuanian exports which grew most across Europe last year will beat value records this year" (h
ttps://www.verslilietuva.lt/en/news/lithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-valu
e-records-year/). www.verslilietuva.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180625/htt
ps://www.verslilietuva.lt/en/news/lithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-value
-records-year/) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
200. "Ieškodami darbuotojų jau verčiasi per galvą: net tokiomis algomis nepavyksta sugundyti" (http
s://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/ieskodami-darbuotoju-jau-verciasi-per-galva-net-tokiomis-alg
omis-nepavyksta-sugundyti.d?id=77973215). delfi.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20210703110800/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/ieskodami-darbuotoju-jau-ve
rciasi-per-galva-net-tokiomis-algomis-nepavyksta-sugundyti.d?id=77973215) from the original on
3 July 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
201. "Emigracija smogia negailestingai: Lietuvoje vis labiau trūksta darbuotojų – DELFI Verslas" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20180111194908/https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/emigracija-smogia-
negailestingai-lietuvoje-vis-labiau-truksta-darbuotoju.d?id=75467805). 11 January 2018.
Archived from the original (https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/emigracija-smogia-negailestingai-li
etuvoje-vis-labiau-truksta-darbuotoju.d?id=75467805) on 11 January 2018.
202. "Ekonomistai įspėja: virš Lietuvos kaupiasi debesys" (https://web.archive.org/web/201801111950
18/https://verslas.lrytas.lt/izvalgos-ir-nuomones/2017/06/13/news/ekspertai-ispeja-virs-lietuvos-e
konomikos-kaupiasi-debesys-1665764/). 11 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://ver
slas.lrytas.lt/izvalgos-ir-nuomones/2017/06/13/news/ekspertai-ispeja-virs-lietuvos-ekonomikos-ka
upiasi-debesys-1665764/) on 11 January 2018.
203. "Lithuania: Unemployment rate from 2007 to 2017" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/375259/un
employment-rate-in-lithuania/). Statista.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021062322
2449/https://www.statista.com/statistics/375259/unemployment-rate-in-lithuania/) from the
original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
204. "UBS Global Wealth Databook 2023" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230927130459/https://www.
ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/reports/global-wealth-report-2023/_jcr_content/mainpar/top
levelgrid_5684475/col2/linklistnewlook/link_copy.0357374027.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3Nl
dHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2
JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW4ucGRm/databook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf)
(PDF). UBS. Archived from the original (https://www.ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/report
s/global-wealth-report-2023/_jcr_content/mainpar/toplevelgrid_5684475/col2/linklistnewlook/link_
copy.0357374027.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZ
mFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW
4ucGRm/databook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf) (PDF) on 27 September 2023. Retrieved
30 September 2023. See table 3-1 for all countries, on pages 119-122, for mean and median
wealth, Gini coefficient, distribution of adults (%) by wealth range, and number of adults. All of
that info (except the Gini coefficient) is also in table 2-2 on pages 109-112. See the end of table
2-2 on page 112 for regional numbers. Page 4 mentions "46 countries lacking sufficient suitable
data for wealth estimation". Pages 20-24 (table 2-1) then feature estimates for GDP per adult for
said countries, with wealth data quality characterized as "n.a." (not available).
205. "Darbo užmokestis šalyje" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?eventId=292505).
osp.stat.gov.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230825101342/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/info
rmaciniai-pranesimai?eventId=292505) from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved
25 August 2023.
206. "Taxation trends in the European Union" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150509130331/http://ec.
europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_stru
ctures/2014/report.pdf) (PDF). Eurostat. 2014. Archived from the original (http://ec.europa.eu/tax
ation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_structures/2014/r
eport.pdf) (PDF) on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
207. "Pramoniniai parkai ir LEZ" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180424071555/https://ukmin.lrv.lt/lt/ve
iklos-sritys/investiciju-veiklos-sritis/pramoniniai-parkai-ir-lez). ukmin.lrv.lt. Archived from the
original (https://ukmin.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/investiciju-veiklos-sritis/pramoniniai-parkai-ir-lez) on 24
April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
208. Samuolis, Gediminas (2017). Informacinės technologijos Lietuvoje (https://web.archive.org/web/
20210308150136/https://ivpk.lrv.lt/uploads/ivpk/documents/files/Naujienos/IT%20Lietuvoje%202
017.pdf) (PDF). Vilnius: Lietuvos statistikos departamentas. p. 8. Archived from the original (http
s://ivpk.lrv.lt/uploads/ivpk/documents/files/Naujienos/IT%20Lietuvoje%202017.pdf) (PDF) on 8
March 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
209. "Lithuania Registered 35 New Fintech Companies in 2017" (https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2
018/02/128160-lithuania-registered-35-new-fintech-companies-2017). Crowdfundinsider.com. 8
February 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180208172543/https://www.crowdfundin
sider.com/2018/02/128160-lithuania-registered-35-new-fintech-companies-2017/) from the
original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
210. "Lithuanian Institutions Enhance Focus on New Financial Technologies and Fintech Sector
Development in Lithuania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164452/https://finmin.lrv.lt/en/n
ews/lithuanian-institutions-enhance-focus-on-new-financial-technologies-and-fintech-sector-deve
lopment-in-lithuania). finmin.lrv.lt. Archived from the original (https://finmin.lrv.lt/en/news/lithuania
n-institutions-enhance-focus-on-new-financial-technologies-and-fintech-sector-development-in-lit
huania) on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
211. Milda Šeputytė; Jeremy Kahn (21 December 2018). "Google Payment Expands With E-Money
License From Lithuania" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-21/google-payment-
expands-with-e-money-license-from-lithuania). www.bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20190930201924/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-21/
google-payment-expands-with-e-money-license-from-lithuania) from the original on 30
September 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2018. "Google Payment, a company owned by
Alphabet Inc., obtained an e-money license in Lithuania, joining a growing number of fintech
firms that have secured permission from the Baltic nation to offer financial services across the
European Union."
212. Kostaki, Irene (31 January 2018). "Lithuania debuts as EU gateway for global blockchain
industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210703110944/https://www.neweurope.eu/article/lithuan
ia-debuts-eu-gateway-global-blockchain-industry/). Neweurope.eu. Archived from the original (htt
ps://www.neweurope.eu/article/lithuania-debuts-eu-gateway-global-blockchain-industry/) on 3
July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2018. "The Lithuanian capital Vilnius launched Europe's first
international Blockchain Centre on January 27, making it the EU's only hub for the digital ledger.
The new hub will help Europe connect with partner Blockchain Centres in Australia, China,
Canada, the UK, Belgium, Denmark, Georgia, Gibraltar, Ukraine, Israel, and Latvia."
213. "Crypto license in Lithuania - Cryptocurrency license" (https://adamsmith.lt/en/finance-and-blockc
hain/cryptocurrency-license-in-lithuania/). AdamSmith. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
214. Jurginis, J. "Arimo įrankių reikšmė žemdirbystės sistemoms" (http://lad.lt/data/com_ladlibrary/98
8/156-163.pdf) (PDF). lad.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210304164424/http://lad.lt/
data/com_ladlibrary/988/156-163.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved
14 April 2018.
215. "Law on Product Safety" (https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/f9a7f340736a11e6a0f68fd1
35e6f40c?jfwid=-brx0ubedz). e-seimas.lrs.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222
321/https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/f9a7f340736a11e6a0f68fd135e6f40c?jfwid=-brx0
ubedz) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
216. "Law on Food" (https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/74505e2018da11e6aa14e8b63147ee
94?jfwid=rivwzvpvg). e-seimas.lrs.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222225/http
s://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/74505e2018da11e6aa14e8b63147ee94?jfwid=rivwzvpv
g) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
217. "Žemės ir maisto ūkio 2016 metų apžvalga" (https://zum.lrv.lt/uploads/zum/documents/files/LT_v
ersija/Veiklos_sritys/Statistin%C4%97%20informacija/%C5%BDem%C4%97s%20ir%20maisto%
20%C5%ABkio%202016%20met%C5%B3%20ap%C5%BEvalga%20(03).pdf) (PDF). zum.lrv.lt.
pp. 1–3. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222205/https://zum.lrv.lt/uploads/zum/d
ocuments/files/LT_versija/Veiklos_sritys/Statistin%C4%97%20informacija/%C5%BDem%C4%97
s%20ir%20maisto%20%C5%ABkio%202016%20met%C5%B3%20ap%C5%BEvalga%20(03).p
df) (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
218. "Veiklos ataskaita, 2016 m." (https://www.ekoagros.lt/media/1/2016-m-veiklos-ataskaita.pdf)
(PDF). ekoagros.lt. pp. 1–4. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222140/https://ww
w.ekoagros.lt/media/1/2016-m-veiklos-ataskaita.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021.
Retrieved 15 April 2018.
219. Ulrich Walter (2008). Astronautics. Wiley-VCH. p. 44. ISBN 978-3-527-40685-2.
220. "Kazimieras Simonavičius" (http://www.ksu.lt/en/kazimieras-simonavicius-2/). Kazimieras
Simonavičius University. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210304035956/https://ksu.lt/e
n/kazimieras-simonavicius-2/) from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
221. Kajėnas, Kostas; Stankevičius, Martynas (21 June 2022). "Theodoras von Grotthussas.
Garsiausias Lietuvos mokslininkas, pralenkęs laiką" (https://www.bernardinai.lt/theodoras-von-gr
otthussas-garsiausias-lietuvos-mokslininkas-pralenkes-laika/). Bernardinai.lt (in Lithuanian).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220621202655/https://www.bernardinai.lt/theodoras-von
-grotthussas-garsiausias-lietuvos-mokslininkas-pralenkes-laika/) from the original on 21 June
2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
222. "Lietuvos kronika 1993 – 16 (1674) Marija Alseikaitė – Gimbutienė" (http://www.lrt.lt/mediateka/ir
asas/31010/lietuvos-kronika-1993-16-1674-marija-alseikaite-gimbutiene). LRT (in Lithuanian). 15
September 1993. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210430133853/https://www.lrt.lt/medi
ateka/irasas/31010/lietuvos-kronika-1993-16-1674-marija-alseikaite-gimbutiene) from the original
on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
223. Bulota, Šarūnas. "Garsiausia pasaulio orangutanų tyrinėtoja Birutė Galdikas: "Lietuvių kultūra –
mano kraujyje" " (https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/gyvunu-klubas/ivykiai/garsiausia-pasaulio-orangu
tanu-tyrinetoja-birute-galdikas-lietuviu-kultura-mano-kraujyje-172-331747). 15min.lt. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20210417191035/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/gyvunu-klubas/ivykiai/
garsiausia-pasaulio-orangutanu-tyrinetoja-birute-galdikas-lietuviu-kultura-mano-kraujyje-172-331
747) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
224. "Arvydas Kliorė" (http://www.yrasalis.lt/desimt/inzinieriai/dr-arvydas-kliore/). yrasalis.lt (in
Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194859/http://www.yrasalis.lt/desim
t/inzinieriai/dr-arvydas-kliore/) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
225. "Biografija – A. J. Greimas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180216091947/http://www.greimas.e
u/biografija/). greimas.eu (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (http://www.greimas.eu/biogr
afija/) on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
226. "STAR (Self-Testing And Repairing) computer" (http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/STA
R.html). Daviddarling.info. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210430190659/https://www.d
aviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/STAR.html) from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved
19 March 2018.
227. "Iš Vilniaus universiteto istorijos, 1955–1990" (http://www.draugas.org/archive/1994_reg/1994-11
-05-PRIEDAS-DRAUGAS-i5-8.pdf) (PDF). 5 November 1995. pp. 1–2. Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20210225022329/http://www.draugas.org/archive/1994_reg/1994-11-05-PRIEDAS-D
RAUGAS-i5-8.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
228. "Lithuania, a leading light in laser technology – Digital Single Market" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20180110175105/https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/lithuania-leading-light-lase
r-technology). 10 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-ma
rket/en/news/lithuania-leading-light-laser-technology) on 10 January 2018.
229. "Daugiausiai inovacijų lietuviai sukūrė gyvybės mokslų srityje" (https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turiny
s/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/daugiausiai-inovaciju-lietuviai-sukure-gyvybes-mokslu-srityje.d?id=
75754757). DELFI. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181824/https://www.delfi.lt/p
artnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/daugiausiai-inovaciju-lietuviai-sukure-gyvybes-moksl
u-srityje.d?id=75754757) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
230. "Light Conversion – About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210120194735/http://www.lightco
n.com/about-us.html). lightcon.com. Archived from the original (http://lightcon.com/about-us.html)
on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
231. "Įgyvendinta svajonė sukėlė perversmą pasaulinėje lazerių rinkoje" (https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-
turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/igyvendinta-svajone-sukele-perversma-pasaulineje-lazeriu-ri
nkoje.d?id=75532853). DELFI. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194908/https://w
ww.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/igyvendinta-svajone-sukele-perversma-p
asaulineje-lazeriu-rinkoje.d?id=75532853) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved
25 August 2017.
232. "Lietuviai sukūrė vieną galingiausių lazerių pasaulyje" (https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvo
s-amziaus-inovacijos/lietuviai-sukure-viena-galingiausiu-lazeriu-pasaulyje.d?id=75607431).
DELFI. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417195008/https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turin
ys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/lietuviai-sukure-viena-galingiausiu-lazeriu-pasaulyje.d?id=756074
31) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
233. "Vilniaus astrofotometrinė sistema" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072446/http://astrono
mija.lt/enciklopedija/index.php/Vilniaus_astrofotometrin%C4%97_sistema). astronomija.lt (in
Lithuanian). Archived from the original (http://astronomija.lt/enciklopedija/index.php/Vilniaus_astr
ofotometrin%C4%97_sistema) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
234. "Finalist for the European Inventor Award 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180407184238/h
ttps://m.epo.org/european-inventor/finalists/2016/ragauskas.html). m.epo.org/. Archived from the
original (https://m.epo.org/european-inventor/finalists/2016/ragauskas.html) on 7 April 2018.
Retrieved 7 April 2018.
235. Sarah Zhang (10 April 2015). "The Battle Over Genome Editing Gets Science All Wrong" (https://
www.wired.com/2015/10/battle-genome-editing-gets-science-wrong/). Wired. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20210607095645/https://www.wired.com/2015/10/battle-genome-editing-gets-
science-wrong/) from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
236. Giorgia Guglielmi (31 May 2015). "Million-dollar Kavli prize recognizes scientist scooped on
CRISPR" (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-018-05308-5). Nature. 558 (7708): 17–18.
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05308-5 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-018-05308-5).
PMID 29872189 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29872189). S2CID 46949947 (https://api.sem
anticscholar.org/CorpusID:46949947).
237. Rutkauskas, Adomas (23 June 2017). "Į kosmosą pakilo trečiasis Lietuvos palydovas" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20210308143523/https://it.lrytas.lt/laboratorija/2017/06/23/news/i-kosmosa-kyl
a-treciasis-lietuvos-palydovas-1755953/). lrytas.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (http
s://it.lrytas.lt/laboratorija/2017/06/23/news/i-kosmosa-kyla-treciasis-lietuvos-palydovas-1755953/)
on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
238. "Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology" (http://www.etnokosmomuziejus.lt/en/). Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210515194253/https://etnokosmomuziejus.lt/en/) from the original on
15 May 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
239. "First Baltic Space Activities Roundtable" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174553/https://w
ww.eas.ee/images/doc/ettevotjale/innovatsioon/kosmos/roundtable1/baltic_roundtable_vidmanta
s_tomkus.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (https://www.eas.ee/images/doc/ettevotjale/inno
vatsioon/kosmos/roundtable1/baltic_roundtable_vidmantas_tomkus.pdf) (PDF) on 11 April 2018.
Retrieved 12 April 2018.
240. "Lithuania becomes eighth ESA Cooperating State" (https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Welcome_to_
ESA/Lithuania_becomes_eighth_ESA_European_Cooperating_State). Esa.int. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20191016155321/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Welcome_to_ESA/Lithuani
a_becomes_eighth_ESA_European_Cooperating_State) from the original on 16 October 2019.
Retrieved 12 April 2018.
241. "Vienintelis Lietuvos kosmonautas R.Stankevičius tėvynės neiškeitė į vietą raketoje" (https://ww
w.delfi.lt/video/mokslas-ir-gamta/vienintelis-lietuvos-kosmonautas-rstankevicius-tevynes-neiskeit
e-i-vieta-raketoje.d?id=62705647#o8TgpziG). DELFI. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202
10526064612/https://www.delfi.lt/video/mokslas-ir-gamta/vienintelis-lietuvos-kosmonautas-rstank
evicius-tevynes-neiskeite-i-vieta-raketoje.d?id=62705647#o8TgpziG) from the original on 26 May
2021. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
242. "Lithuania becomes Associate Member State of CERN" (https://web.archive.org/web/201803141
73513/https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/01/lithuania-becomes-associate-member-state-cer
n). home.cern. Archived from the original (https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/01/lithuania-bec
omes-associate-member-state-cern) on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
243. "Davos: Final decision on CERN business incubation centers in Lithuania" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210417192724/https://mission-geneva.mfa.lt/mission-geneva/en/news/davos-final-decis
ion-on-cern-business-incubation-centers-in-lithuania). Archived from the original (https://mission-
geneva.mfa.lt/mission-geneva/en/news/davos-final-decision-on-cern-business-incubation-center
s-in-lithuania) on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
244. "Life Sciences Center. Lithuania" (http://www.gmc.vu.lt/en/). Gmc.vu.lt. Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20210526002551/https://www.gmc.vu.lt/en/) from the original on 26 May 2021.
Retrieved 12 April 2018.
245. "Center For Physical Sciences and Technology. Lithuania" (https://www.ftmc.lt/en). Ftmc.lt.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181226/https://www.ftmc.lt/en) from the original
on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
246. "The life science industry in Lithuania" (https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/site
s/trade/files/market_studies/Life%20science%20and%20biotech%20industry_Lituania_2016.pdf)
(PDF). Flandersinvestmentandtrade.com. p. 2. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202103080
83504/https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/sites/trade/files/market_studies/Life%
20science%20and%20biotech%20industry_Lituania_2016.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 8
March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
247. "R&D in Lithuania" (https://investlithuania.com/why-lithuania/innovation/). investlithuania.com.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210608011138/https://investlithuania.com/why-lithuani
a/innovation/) from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
248. "Lithuanian Innovation Center" (http://lic.lt/en/). lic.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200
922202528/https://lic.lt/en/) from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
249. Lietuvos ekonomikos ilgalaikio konkurencingumo iššūkiai (https://web.archive.org/web/20210228
012636/https://www.lmt.lt/data/public/uploads/2016/09/ekonomikos-moksliniu-tyrimu-programos-r
ekomendacijos.pdf) (PDF). Lietuvos mokslo taryba. 2015. p. 18. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.lmt.lt/data/public/uploads/2016/09/ekonomikos-moksliniu-tyrimu-programos-rekomendac
ijos.pdf) (PDF) on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
250. "European Innovation Scoreboard" (http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/innovation/facts-figures/s
coreboards_lt). ec.europa.eu. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230406041555/https://ec.
europa.eu/growth/industry/innovation/facts-figures/scoreboards_lt) from the original on 6 April
2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
251. World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the
Promise of Social Entrepreneurship (https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-ind
ex-2024/en/). World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062 (https://do
i.org/10.34667%2Ftind.50062). ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
252. "Indicators of accommodation" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=8e8719
8b-d15b-4a23-93c1-1b6ad2c3884c). State Data Agency. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0240606160321/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=8e87198b-d15b-4a23-
93c1-1b6ad2c3884c) from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
253. "Turizmas Lietuvoje 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042530/http://www.tourism.lt/u
ploads/documents/Turizmas-Lietuvoje_2016.pdf) (PDF). tourism.lt. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.tourism.lt/uploads/documents/Turizmas-Lietuvoje_2016.pdf) (PDF) on 1 December
2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
254. Widawski, Krzysztof; Wyrzykowski, Jerzy (24 January 2017). The Geography of Tourism of
Central and Eastern European Countries (https://books.google.com/books?id=Cf36DQAAQBAJ&
q=bicycle+tourism+in+lithuania&pg=PA260). Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-42205-3. Retrieved
5 May 2018.
255. "Fatbirder. Lithuania" (http://fatbirder.com/links_geo/europe/lithuania.html). Fatbirder.com.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180715190932/http://fatbirder.com/links_geo/europe/lith
uania.html) from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
256. "TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2017 LITHUANIA" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
80320105359/https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/countries-201
7/lithuania2017.pdf) (PDF). Wttc.org. Archived from the original (https://www.wttc.org/-/media/file
s/reports/economic-impact-research/countries-2017/lithuania2017.pdf) (PDF) on 20 March 2018.
Retrieved 19 March 2018.
257. "Viceministras tikina, kad "Michelin" įvertinimas prisidės prie šalies turizmo sektoriaus
atsigavimo" (https://www.lrytas.lt/skonis/gurmanu-klubas/2024/05/23/news/viceministras-tikina-ka
d-michelin-ivertinimas-prisides-prie-salies-turizmo-sektoriaus-atsigavimo-32024372). Lrytas.lt (in
Lithuanian). 23 May 2024. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240523195822/https://www.lr
ytas.lt/skonis/gurmanu-klubas/2024/05/23/news/viceministras-tikina-kad-michelin-ivertinimas-pris
ides-prie-salies-turizmo-sektoriaus-atsigavimo-32024372) from the original on 23 May 2024.
Retrieved 5 June 2024.
258. "Lietuvos gyventojų skaičius sumažėjo dar 40 tūkstančių" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180104
123442/http://www.ve.lt/naujienos/lietuva/lietuvos-naujienos/lietuvos-gyventoju-skaicius-sumazej
o-dar-40-tukstanciu-1527125/). 4 January 2018. Archived from the original (http://www.ve.lt/nauji
enos/lietuva/lietuvos-naujienos/lietuvos-gyventoju-skaicius-sumazejo-dar-40-tukstanciu-152712
5/) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
259. "Lietuvoje – 3 mln. gyventojų ir 5 mln. mobiliojo ryšio naudotojų – DELFI Mokslas" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20180104123305/https://www.delfi.lt/mokslas/technologijos/lietuvoje-3-mln-gyvent
oju-ir-5-mln-mobiliojo-rysio-naudotoju.d?id=60719345). 4 January 2018. Archived from the
original (https://www.delfi.lt/mokslas/technologijos/lietuvoje-3-mln-gyventoju-ir-5-mln-mobiliojo-ry
sio-naudotoju.d?id=60719345) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
260. "Ryšio kokybės žemėlapis rodo: du operatoriai lygūs, trečias – iš paskos" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210623222406/https://www.15min.lt/mokslasit/straipsnis/technologijos/rysio-kokybes-ze
melapis-rodo-du-operatoriai-lygus-o-trecias-is-paskos-646-767870). 15min.lt. Archived from the
original (https://www.15min.lt/mokslasit/straipsnis/technologijos/rysio-kokybes-zemelapis-rodo-du
-operatoriai-lygus-o-trecias-is-paskos-646-767870) on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
261. "Laidinio ryšio telefonams gresia išnykimas?" (https://www.delfi.lt/mokslas/technologijos/laidinio-r
ysio-telefonams-gresia-isnykimas.d?id=58099004). Delfi.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20210417191034/https://www.delfi.lt/mokslas/technologijos/laidinio-rysio-telefonams-gresia-isn
ykimas.d?id=58099004) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
262. "Speedtest Global Index – Monthly comparisons of internet speeds from around the world" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20180104105117/https://www.speedtest.net/global-index).
Speedtest.net. 4 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.speedtest.net/global-inde
x) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
263. "E-Participation Index" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192535/https://publicadministratio
n.un.org/egovkb/en-us/about/overview/e-participation). Archived from the original (https://publica
dministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/about/overview/e-participation) on 21 March 2018. Retrieved
21 March 2018.
264. "Data Center" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192858/https://publicadministration.un.org/
egovkb/en-us/Data-Center). Archived from the original (https://publicadministration.un.org/egovk
b/en-us/Data-Center) on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
265. "Uptime Institute. Country: Lithuania, Tier Level: Tier III" (https://web.archive.org/web/201803200
44020/https://uptimeinstitute.com/TierCertification/allCertifications.php?page=1&ipp=All&clientId
=&countryName=Lithuania&tierLevel=3). Archived from the original (https://uptimeinstitute.com/Ti
erCertification/allCertifications.php?page=1&ipp=All&clientId=&countryName=Lithuania&tierLeve
l=3) on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
266. "Colocation Lithuania – Data Centers" (https://cloudscene.com/market/data-centers-in-lithuania/a
ll). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181833/https://cloudscene.com/market/data-
centers-in-lithuania/all) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
267. "Strategic project for Lithuania RAIN-2 won the international award" (https://sumin.lrv.lt/en/news/s
trategic-project-for-lithuania-rain-2-won-the-international-award). Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210623222959/https://sumin.lrv.lt/en/news/strategic-project-for-lithuania-rain-2-won-the-
international-award) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
268. "RAIN project in Lithuania" (http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.
cfm?doc_id=4988&usg=AOvVaw0HNGsJE3UEplZ5ekHB2MgY). Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210501155805/https://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cf
m?doc_id=4988&usg=AOvVaw0HNGsJE3UEplZ5ekHB2MgY) from the original on 1 May 2021.
Retrieved 19 March 2018.
269. "Internet access and use statistics – households and individuals – Statistics Explained" (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20180104125212/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/
Internet_access_and_use_statistics_-_households_and_individuals). 4 January 2018. Archived
from the original (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Internet_access_an
d_use_statistics_-_households_and_individuals) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
270. "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency" (https://web.archive.org/web/201801041308
22/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2153rank.html). 4
January 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factb
ook/rankorder/2153rank.html) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
271. "Lithuania eCommerce will nearly triple its online shoppers in 4 years" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20180104125319/https://www.eshopworld.com/blog-articles/lithuania-ecommerce-insights/). 4
January 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.eshopworld.com/blog-articles/lithuania-eco
mmerce-insights/) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
272. "• Lithuania: smartphone user penetration 2015–2022 – Forecast" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0180104125609/https://www.statista.com/statistics/568195/predicted-smartphone-user-penetrati
on-rate-in-lithuania/). 4 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.statista.com/statisti
cs/568195/predicted-smartphone-user-penetration-rate-in-lithuania/) on 4 January 2018.
Retrieved 4 January 2018.
273. "Breaking news from the FTTH Conference 2016: Croatia, Germany and Poland join the FTTH
ranking" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210430204430/https://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/Pr
essReleases/2016/PR20160217_FTTHranking_panorama_award.pdf) (PDF). Ftthcouncil.eu.
Archived from the original (http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/PressReleases/2016/PR201602
17_FTTHranking_panorama_award.pdf) (PDF) on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
274. "Geležinkelių infrastruktūra" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171006220502/http://infrastructure.lit
rail.lt/). Infrastructure.litrail.lt. Archived from the original (http://infrastructure.litrail.lt/) on 6 October
2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
275. "Freight transport statistics – Statistics Explained" (https://web.archive.org/web/2018010413512
6/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Freight_transport_statistics). 4
January 2018. Archived from the original (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.
php/Freight_transport_statistics) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
276. "European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – Antitrust: Commission fines
Lithuanian Railways €28 million for hindering competition on rail freight market" (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20180104135749/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-3622_en.htm). 4
January 2018. Archived from the original (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-3622_en.ht
m) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
277. "Lithuania is ready to implement transport investment project of a strategic importance – Ministry
of Transport and Communications" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180104145320/https://sumin.l
rv.lt/en/news/lithuania-is-ready-to-implement-transport-investment-projects-of-a-strategic-importa
nce). 4 January 2018. Archived from the original (https://sumin.lrv.lt/en/news/lithuania-is-ready-to
-implement-transport-investment-projects-of-a-strategic-importance) on 4 January 2018.
278. "Largest Fleet Order from Eastern Europe for Mercedes-Benz Trucks in Its History: Major order
of 1,000 Mercedes-Benz Actros by Girteka Logistics – Daimler Global Media Site" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20180104150306/http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Largest
-Fleet-Order-from-Eastern-Europe-for-Mercedes-Benz-Trucks-in-Its-History-Major-order-of-1000-
Mercedes-Benz-Actros-by-Girteka-Logistics.xhtml?oid=9918964). 4 January 2018. Archived from
the original (http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Largest-Fleet-Order-from-E
astern-Europe-for-Mercedes-Benz-Trucks-in-Its-History-Major-order-of-1000-Mercedes-Benz-Act
ros-by-Girteka-Logistics.xhtml?oid=9918964) on 4 January 2018.
279. "Record breaking agreement for Volvo Trucks – Volvo Group" (https://web.archive.org/web/2018
0104150048/http://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2017/sep/record-breaking-agreement-for-v
olvo-trucks.html). 4 January 2018. Archived from the original (http://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/n
ews/2017/sep/record-breaking-agreement-for-volvo-trucks.html) on 4 January 2018.
280. "Freight transport statistics – Statistics Explained" (https://web.archive.org/web/2018010413512
6/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Freight_transport_statistics). 4
January 2018. Archived from the original (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.
php/Freight_transport_statistics) on 4 January 2018.
281. "The Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018" (http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-201
8/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%932018.pdf) (PDF). p. 185.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180920210549/http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR201
7-2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%932018.pdf) (PDF) from
the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
282. "Lietuvos automobilių kelių direkcija prie Susisiekimo ministerijos" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0180326104027/http://plius.lakd.lt/lt.php/naujienos/susumuoti_keliu_apziuros_rezultatai/11801;_
wai;1). 26 March 2018. Archived from the original (http://plius.lakd.lt/lt.php/naujienos/susumuoti_
keliu_apziuros_rezultatai/11801;_wai;1) on 26 March 2018.
283. "Short Sea" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131019182532/http://www.shortsea.lt/index.php/pagr
indinis_meniu/naujienos/klaipedos_ir_kitu_baltijos_juros_rytines_pakrantes_uostu_krovos_apzv
alga__m_sausiogruodzio_men_/1201). shortsea.lt. 19 October 2013. Archived from the original
(http://www.shortsea.lt/index.php/pagrindinis_meniu/naujienos/klaipedos_ir_kitu_baltijos_juros_r
ytines_pakrantes_uostu_krovos_apzvalga__m_sausiogruodzio_men_/1201) on 19 October
2013. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
284. "Maritime ports freight and passenger statistics – Statistics Explained" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20180104132949/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Maritime_ports_f
reight_and_passenger_statistics). 4 January 2018. Archived from the original (http://ec.europa.e
u/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Maritime_ports_freight_and_passenger_statistics) on 4
January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
285. "File:Top 20 container ports in 2015 - on the basis of volume of containers handled in (1000
TEUs).png – Statistics Explained" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180104133109/http://ec.europ
a.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Top_20_container_ports_in_2015_-_on_the_bas
is_of_volume_of_containers_handled_in_(1000_TEUs).png). 4 January 2018. Archived from the
original (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Top_20_container_ports_
in_2015_-_on_the_basis_of_volume_of_containers_handled_in_(1000_TEUs).png) on 4
January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
286. "Riga and Klaipėda included in TOP-10 ports in Baltic Sea Region by container turnover :: The
Baltic Course – Baltic States news & analytics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171221104115/ht
tp://www.baltic-course.com/eng/good_for_business/?doc=90478). Baltic-course.com. 21
December 2017. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December
2017.
287. "2016 – a better year for most of the Top 10 Baltic container ports" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0180104132642/http://actiaforum.pl/en/assets/files/realizacje/pdf/PM-17-EN.pdf) (PDF). 4
January 2018. Archived from the original (http://actiaforum.pl/en/assets/files/realizacje/pdf/PM-17
-EN.pdf) (PDF) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
288. "Klaipėda outer port to be constructed – port.today" (https://web.archive.org/web/201801041327
37/https://port.today/klaipeda-outer-port-constructed/). 4 January 2018. Archived from the
original (https://port.today/klaipeda-outer-port-constructed/) on 4 January 2018. Retrieved
4 January 2018.
289. "Reviving Lithuania's inland waterways to cut emissions" (https://www.eib.org/en/stories/lithuania
-waterways-emissions). European Investment Bank. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2023
0721092822/https://www.eib.org/en/stories/lithuania-waterways-emissions) from the original on
21 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
290. "Lithuania: EIB advisory services support green inland cargo shipping" (https://www.eib.org/en/pr
ess/all/2022-245-eib-advisory-services-support-green-inland-cargo-shipping-in-lithuania).
European Investment Bank. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230720223356/https://ww
w.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-245-eib-advisory-services-support-green-inland-cargo-shipping-in-lith
uania) from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
291. "Will there be an intermodal connection between Kaunas and Hamburg? The Port of Hamburg
and Klaipeda will co-develop new logistics routes | RAILTARGET" (https://www.railtarget.cz/busin
ess/will-there-be-an-intermodal-connection-between-kaunas-and-hamburg-the-port-of-hamburg-
and-klaipeda-will-codevelop-new-logistics-routes-2492.html). www.railtarget.cz. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20230731145827/https://www.railtarget.cz/business/will-there-be-an-interm
odal-connection-between-kaunas-and-hamburg-the-port-of-hamburg-and-klaipeda-will-codevelo
p-new-logistics-routes-2492.html) from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
292. "The Lithuanian Airports Have Presented the Results for the Year 2016: the Number of
Passengers Has Surged to Record Levels of 4.8 Million" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171004
085407/http://www.vilnius-airport.lt/en/news/?id=1930281). 12 January 2017. Archived from the
original (http://www.vilnius-airport.lt/en/news/?id=1930281) on 4 October 2017. Retrieved
24 January 2017.
293. "Kauno oro uoste įvykdytas pirmas reguliarus krovininis reisas" (http://kaunozinios.lt/naujienos/ka
uno-oro-uoste-ivykdytas-pirmas-reguliarus-krovininis-reisas_36224.html). Kaunozinios.lt. 4 April
2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210627215332/https://kaunozinios.lt/naujienos/ka
uno-oro-uoste-ivykdytas-pirmas-reguliarus-krovininis-reisas_36224.html) from the original on 27
June 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
294. "Marvelės uostą pasiekė pirmasis krovinys!" (https://klaipeda.diena.lt/naujienos/kaunas/miesto-p
ulsas/marveles-uosta-pasieke-pirmasis-krovinys-910893). klaipeda.diena.lt (in Lithuanian). 23
April 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222405/https://klaipeda.diena.lt/nauji
enos/kaunas/miesto-pulsas/marveles-uosta-pasieke-pirmasis-krovinys-910893) from the original
on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
295. "Lithuania's Energy Sector Development Trends" (http://www.lsta.lt/files/seminarai/2015-04-09_R
yga/03.-ey-bus-2015-rokas-masiulis.pdf) (PDF). Lsta.lt. p. 2. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20150824064812/http://www.lsta.lt/files/seminarai/2015-04-09_Ryga/03.-ey-bus-2015-rokas-
masiulis.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
296. "National Energy Independence Strategy" (https://gamyba.le.lt/sites/default/files/media/dynamic/fi
les/481/nationalenergyindependencestrategy.pdf) (PDF). Gamyba.le.lt. Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20180413185919/https://gamyba.le.lt/sites/default/files/media/dynamic/files/481/nat
ionalenergyindependencestrategy.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved
13 April 2018.
297. Andrei Ozharovsky, Maria Kaminskaya and Charles Digges (12 January 2010). "Lithuania shuts
down Soviet-era NPP, but being a nuclear-free nation is still under question" (https://web.archive.
org/web/20100423155352/http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2010/ignalina_shut_down).
Bellona.org. Archived from the original (http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2010/ignalina_sh
ut_down) on 23 April 2010.
298. "Nuclear Power in Lithuania – Lithuanian Nuclear Energy – World Nuclear Association" (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20160126160031/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countrie
s-G-N/Lithuania/). World-nuclear.org. Archived from the original (http://www.world-nuclear.org/inf
o/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Lithuania/) on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
299. "Kruonio hidroakumuliacinė elektrinė > Veikla" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120928033447/htt
p://www.kruoniohae.lt/lt/main/activity). 28 September 2012. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.kruoniohae.lt/lt/main/activity) on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
300. "Litgrid" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161118024627/http://www.litgrid.eu/index.php/energetiko
s-sistema/elektros-energetikos-sistemos-informacija/elektros-gamybos-ir-vartojimo-balanso-duo
menys/2287). www.litgrid.eu. Archived from the original (http://www.litgrid.eu/index.php/energetik
os-sistema/elektros-energetikos-sistemos-informacija/elektros-gamybos-ir-vartojimo-balanso-duo
menys/2287) on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
301. "Annual Report on Electricity and Natural Gas Markets of the Republic of Lithuania to the
European Commission" (https://www.ceer.eu/documents/104400/3736793/C16_NR_Lithuania-E
N.pdf/1c379f34-4e09-7311-e715-5974e45eab3f). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021062
3222139/https://www.ceer.eu/documents/104400/3736793/C16_NR_Lithuania-EN.pdf/1c379f34-
4e09-7311-e715-5974e45eab3f) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
302. "Questions and answers on the synchronisation of the Baltic States' electricity networks with the
continental European network (CEN)" (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-18-4285_en.
htm). 28 June 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180727105009/http://europa.eu/rap
id/press-release_MEMO-18-4285_en.htm) from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July
2018.
303. "File:Table 1-Share of renewables in gross inland energy consumption 2016.png – Statistics
Explained" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180326100659/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
explained/index.php/File:Table_1-Share_of_renewables_in_gross_inland_energy_consumption_
2016.png). 26 March 2018. Archived from the original (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-expl
ained/index.php/File:Table_1-Share_of_renewables_in_gross_inland_energy_consumption_201
6.png) on 26 March 2018.
304. Sheppard, David (21 August 2017). "Lithuania becomes first ex-Soviet state to buy US natural
gas" (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/33113758-8680-11e
7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7). Financial Times (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (https://www.ft.
com/content/33113758-8680-11e7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7) on 10 December 2022. Retrieved
26 March 2018.
305. "Lithuania breaks Gazprom's monopoly by signing first LNG deal" (https://www.euractiv.com/secti
on/energy/news/lithuania-breaks-gazprom-s-monopoly-by-signing-first-lng-deal/). Euractiv.com
(in Lithuanian). 21 August 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181004151953/https://
www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/lithuania-breaks-gazprom-s-monopoly-by-signing-first-ln
g-deal/) from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
306. "Klaipėda LNG terminal Factsheet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214309/http://enmin.lr
v.lt/uploads/enmin/documents/files/EN_Versija/Activities/Activity_benchmarks/Strategic_projects/
Liquefied_natural_gas_terminal_in_Klaip%C4%97da/LNG_factsheet_EN.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of
Energy of the Republic of Lithuania. 27 October 2014. Archived from the original (http://enmin.lrv.
lt/uploads/enmin/documents/files/EN_Versija/Activities/Activity_benchmarks/Strategic_projects/Li
quefied_natural_gas_terminal_in_Klaip%C4%97da/LNG_factsheet_EN.pdf) (PDF) on 19 March
2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
307. "Klaipėda LNG Terminal one year on – independence or responsibility?" (http://www.lrt.lt/en/news
-in-english/29/119304/klaipeda-lng-terminal-one-year-on-independence-or-responsibility). Lrt.lt.
11 November 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180714022515/https://www.lrt.lt/en/
news-in-english/29/119304/klaipeda-lng-terminal-one-year-on-independence-or-responsibility)
from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
308. Česnys, G. (1991). "Anthropological roots of the Lithuanians". Science, Arts and Lithuania. 1: 4–
10.
309. akad. Rimantas Jankauskas (6 May 2018). "Mokslo ekspresas": tūkstantmečiai kapai atskleidžia
Lietuvos priešistorės paslaptis (https://www.delfi.lt/video/laidos/mokslo-ekspresas/mokslo-ekspre
sas-tukstantmeciai-kapai-atskleidzia-lietuvos-priesistores-paslaptis.d?id=77886901) (Video) (in
Lithuanian). Event occurs at 04:06. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417193842/http
s://www.delfi.lt/video/laidos/mokslo-ekspresas/mokslo-ekspresas-tukstantmeciai-kapai-atskleidzi
a-lietuvos-priesistores-paslaptis.d?id=77886901) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved
11 May 2018.
310. Alissa Mittnik; Chuan-Chao Wang; Saskia Pfrengle; Mantas Daubaras; Gunita Zariņa; Fredrik
Hallgren; Raili Allmäe; Valery Khartanovich; Vyacheslav Moiseyev; Mari Tõrv; Anja Furtwängler;
Aida Andrades Valtueña; Michal Feldman; Christos Economou; Markku Oinonen; Andrejs Vasks;
Elena Balanovska; David Reich; Rimantas Jankauskas; Wolfgang Haak; Stephan Schiffels;
Johannes Krause (2018). "The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789860). Nature Communications. 9 (1): 442.
Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..442M (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCo...9..442M).
doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02825-9 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-018-02825-9).
PMC 5789860 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789860). PMID 29382937 (http
s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29382937).
311. Daiva Ambrasienė, Vaidutis Kučinskas (2003). "Genetic variability of the Lithuanian human
population according to Y chromosome microsatellite markers" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
30921091744/http://www.ebiblioteka.lt/resursai/LMA/Ekologija/E-89.pdf) (PDF). Ekologija. 1: 89.
Archived from the original (http://www.ebiblioteka.lt/resursai/LMA/Ekologija/E-89.pdf) (PDF) on
21 September 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
312. Dalia Kasperavičiūtė and Vaidutis Kučinskas (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis in
the Lithuanian Population" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080227130058/http://images.kataloga
s.lt/maleidykla/act41/A-01.pdf) (PDF). Acta Medica Lituanica. 11 (1): 1–6. Archived from the
original (http://images.katalogas.lt/maleidykla/act41/A-01.pdf) (PDF) on 27 February 2008.
313. D Kasperaviciūte, V Kucinskas and M Stoneking (2004). "Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial
DNA Variation in Lithuanians" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090225205400/http://www.eva.mp
g.de/genetics/pdf/Kasperavicuite.2004.pdf) (PDF). Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 5): 438–
52. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00119.x (https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00119.
x). PMID 15469421 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15469421). S2CID 26562505 (https://api.s
emanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26562505). Archived from the original (http://www.eva.mpg.de/gen
etics/pdf/Kasperavicuite.2004.pdf) (PDF) on 25 February 2009.
314. "The population of Lithuania (edition 2022)" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lietuvos-gyventojai-2022/salies
-gyventojai). Statistics Lithuania. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220927122155/https://
osp.stat.gov.lt/lietuvos-gyventojai-2022/salies-gyventojai) from the original on 27 September
2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
315. "Eurostat" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/URB_LPOP1/default/table?lang=en&
category=urb.urb_luz). eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202306191
04844/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/URB_LPOP1/default/table?lang=en&cate
gory=urb.urb_luz) from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
316. "Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikl
iu-analize#/).
317. "Lietuvos Respublikos 2021 m. gyventojų ir būstų surašymo rezultatai. Tautybė, gimtoji kalba ir
tikyba" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/2021-gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymo-rezultatai/tautybe-gimtoji-kalba-i
r-tikyba). osp.stat.gov.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231204230406/
https://osp.stat.gov.lt/2021-gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymo-rezultatai/tautybe-gimtoji-kalba-ir-tikyba)
from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
318. "Lithuanian Security and Foreign Policy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090325051515/http://ww
w.tspmi.vu.lt/files/mprojektai/finallithsecpapergalutinis.pdf) (PDF). Tspmi.vu.lt. Archived from the
original (http://www.tspmi.vu.lt/files/mprojektai/finallithsecpapergalutinis.pdf) (PDF) on 25 March
2009. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
319. "The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire" (http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/lithuania
n_tatars.shtml). Eki.ee. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170608180539/http://www.eki.e
e/books/redbook/lithuanian_tatars.shtml) from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved
14 September 2013.
320. "Karaimai Lietuvoje" (https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/276df92a4a974d938e3fcc7a9caeac5
5) (in Lithuanian). Department of Statistics of Lithuania. 15 June 2022. Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20240106112228/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/276df92a4a974d938e3fcc7a
9caeac55) from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
321. "Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania, National Minorities" (https://lrkm.lrv.lt/en/activitie
s/national-minorities). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192221/https://lrkm.lrv.lt/e
n/activities/national-minorities) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
322. "Population by command of languages in municipality" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/gyventoju-ir-bust
u-surasymai1). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220305052046/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/
gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymai1) from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 23 September
2022.
323. "Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania" (https://investlithuania.com/ne
ws/employees-fluent-in-three-languages-its-the-norm-in-lithuania/). Invest Lithuania. Archived (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20231019201722/https://investlithuania.com/news/employees-fluent-in
-three-languages-its-the-norm-in-lithuania/) from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved
21 February 2021.
324. "Cities and Regions of the Future 2018/19" (https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/download/71
341/2038156/file/fDi%20European%20Cities%20and%20Regions%20of%20the%20Future%202
018:19.pdf) (PDF). Fdiintelligence.com. p. 57,73. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021030
7232329/https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/download/71341/2038156/file/fDi%20Europea
n%20Cities%20and%20Regions%20of%20the%20Future%202018:19.pdf) (PDF) from the
original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
325. "FDi's Global Cities of the Future 2021/22 — overall winners" (https://www.fdiintelligence.com/co
ntent/rankings-and-awards/fdis-global-cities-of-the-future-202122-overall-winners-79334). fDi
Intelligence. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230409125140/https://www.fdiintelligence.c
om/content/rankings-and-awards/fdis-global-cities-of-the-future-202122-overall-winners-79334)
from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
326. "European Cities and Regions of the Future 2022/23" (https://www.s-ge.com/sites/default/files/art
icle/downloads/fdi_170222_ecof.pdf) (PDF). fDi Intelligence. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20230605141453/https://www.s-ge.com/sites/default/files/article/downloads/fdi_170222_ecof.
pdf) (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
327. "European Cities and Regions of the Future 2023" (https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/downl
oad/82064/2683542/file/fDi_0223_ECOF.pdf) (PDF). fDi Intelligence. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20230605181456/https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/download/82064/2683542/fil
e/fDi_0223_ECOF.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
328. "Resident population by city/town as of 1 July" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analiz
e?hash=2a5b03b7-33c3-46c8-a418-023a1cd21c02). State Data Agency. Retrieved 24 July
2024.
329. Health Care Systems in Transition – Lithuania (https://web.archive.org/web/20180323173750/htt
p://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/95127/E69920.pdf) (PDF). 2000. p. 19.
Archived from the original (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/95127/E69920.p
df) (PDF) on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
330. "The Healthcare System in Lithuania" (https://healthmanagement.org/c/hospital/issuearticle/the-h
ealthcare-system-in-lithuania). healthmanagement.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
210623222226/https://healthmanagement.org/c/hospital/issuearticle/the-healthcare-system-in-lit
huania) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
331. Fernandez, Celia (23 March 2024). "This is the happiest country for Gen Z and millennials,
according to The World Happiness Report" (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/23/world-happiness-r
eport-happiest-countries-gen-z-millennials.html). CNBC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0240505112046/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/23/world-happiness-report-happiest-countries-g
en-z-millennials.html) from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
332. "Life expectancy at birth - The World Factbook" (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/life-
expectancy-at-birth/). www.cia.gov. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210212221326/http
s://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/life-expectancy-at-birth) from the original on 12 February
2021. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
333. "Infant mortality rate - Total" (https://childmortality.org/data/Lithuania). UN Inter-agency Group for
Child Mortality Estimation.
334. "Suicide rates. Data by country" (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDE?lang=en).
World Health Organization. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150626141542/http://apps.w
ho.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDE?lang=en) from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved
7 September 2016.
335. "Pradeda veikti Savižudybių prevencijos biuras" (https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/tavo-lrt/15/88217/pra
deda-veikti-savizudybiu-prevencijos-biuras) (in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Radio and Television. 5
January 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623221809/https://www.lrt.lt/naujieno
s/tavo-lrt/15/88217/pradeda-veikti-savizudybiu-prevencijos-biuras) from the original on 23 June
2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
336. Health Care Systems in Transition (https://web.archive.org/web/20210227035833/https://www.eu
ro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/95127/E69920.pdf?ua=1) (PDF). WHO. 2000. Archived
from the original (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/95127/E69920.pdf?ua=1)
(PDF) on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
337. "Compulsory Health Insurance Contributions" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210227080202/htt
p://www.vlk.lt/sites/en/health-insurance-in-Lithuania/compulsory-health-insurance-contributions/).
VLK. Archived from the original (http://www.vlk.lt/sites/en/health-insurance-in-Lithuania/compulso
ry-health-insurance-contributions/) on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
338. "Accessing healthcare in Lithuania" (http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcareabroad/countryg
uide/Pages/healthcareinLithuania.aspx). NHS Choices. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
180401005245/https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcareabroad/countryguide/Pages/healthca
reinLithuania.aspx) from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
339. Comparing Hospital and Health Prices and Volumes Internationally (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
documents/728703/728971/OECD-health-working-papers-75.pdf/a6e22472-95c4-4e77-bdb0-db
3af4668e7f). Eurostat. 6 August 2014. p. 28. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021050101
3353/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/728703/728971/OECD-health-working-papers-75.
pdf/a6e22472-95c4-4e77-bdb0-db3af4668e7f) from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved
31 March 2018.
340. "Lietuvos gyventojø religijos ir jø paplitimas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160509100300/htt
p://www.lmaleidykla.lt/publ/1392-1096/2004/2/Geo_026_33.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the
original (http://lmaleidykla.lt/publ/1392-1096/2004/2/Geo_026_33.pdf) (PDF) on 9 May 2016.
Retrieved 25 March 2017.
341. "United Methodists evangelize in Lithuania with ads, brochures" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
71014092015/http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.2012693/k.AEBE/United_Methodists_ev
angelize_in_Lithuania_with_ads_brochures.htm). Umc.org. 11 August 2006. Archived from the
original (http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.2012693/k.AEBE/United_Methodists_evangeli
ze_in_Lithuania_with_ads_brochures.htm) on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
342. "Krišnos sąmonės judėjimas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081020165549/http://www.religija.lt/
content/view/388/33/). Archived from the original (http://www.religija.lt/content/view/388/33/) on
20 October 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
343. Arūnas Bubnys (2004). "Holocaust in Lithuania: An Outline of the Major Stages and Their
Results" (https://books.google.com/books?id=mdXRKbcyi5oC&pg=PA219). The Vanished World
of Lithuanian Jews. Rodopi. pp. 218–219. ISBN 978-90-420-0850-2. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20160115084900/https://books.google.com/books?id=mdXRKbcyi5oC&pg=PA219&vq
=is+the+worst+tragedy+of+Lithuania%27s&dq=Holocaust+1941+Lithuania&as_brr=3&source=g
bs_search_s&sig=ZtduokysVV6MqLWS7I9uw7tMUFE) from the original on 15 January 2016.
Retrieved 22 August 2020.
344. "Lithuania" (http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005444). Holocaust
Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20120920235107/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005444) from the
original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
345. "Population at the beginning of the year by ethnicity" (https://web.archive.org/web/200706040908
52/http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/pages/view/?id=1731&PHPSESSID=311ec85274c89154e6f4befbc15
9a0e8). Statistics Lithuania. Archived from the original (http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/pages/view/?id=
1731&PHPSESSID=a2cc98ebfc3a13b8297889cb6f68d571) on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 12 April
2012.
346. Dundzila (2007), pp. 279, 296–298.
347. Dundzila and Strmiska (2005), p. 247.
348. Ignatow (2007), p. 104.
349. Dundzila and Strmiska (2005), p. 244.
350. "Lietuvos gyventojai pagal tikybą 2001 m. – religija.lt" (http://www.religija.lt/straipsniai/tyrimai-anal
ize-nuomones/lietuvos-gyventojai-pagal-tikyba). Religija.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20210627233429/https://religija.lt/straipsniai/tyrimai-analize-nuomones/lietuvos-gyventojai-pag
al-tikyba) from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
351. "GYVENTOJAI PAGAL TAUTYBĘ, GIMTĄJĄ KALBĄ IR TIKYBĄ: Lietuvos Respublikos 2011
metų visuotinio gyventojų ir būstų surašymo rezultatai" (https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/2
17110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f) (PDF). Ops.stat.gov.lt.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200313110843/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/
217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f) from the original on 13
March 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
352. Tomas Venclova. "FOUR CENTURIES OF ENLIGHTENMENT: A Historic View of the University
of Vilnius, 1579–1979" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222449/http://www.lituanus.org/19
81_2/81_2_01.htm). Lituanus.org. Archived from the original (http://www.lituanus.org/1981_2/81_
2_01.htm) on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
353. "The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania came into force on 2 November 1992" (http://www
3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm). Republic of Lithuania. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20060117080458/http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm) from the original
on 17 January 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
354. "Education in Lithuania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101215022049/http://www.european-age
ncy.org/country-information/lithuania/lithuania-docs/education_lithuania.pdf) (PDF). European
Agency for Development in Special Needs Education. Archived from the original (https://www.eur
opean-agency.org/country-information/lithuania/lithuania-docs/education_lithuania.pdf) (PDF) on
15 December 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
355. "Education and Training Monitor 2017. Lithuania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180406041020/
https://ec.europa.eu/education/sites/education/files/monitor2017-lt_en.pdf) (PDF). p. 3. Archived
from the original (https://ec.europa.eu/education/sites/education/files/monitor2017-lt_en.pdf)
(PDF) on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
356. "ICT at a Glance" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070707184435/http://devdata.worldbank.org/ic
t/ltu_ict.pdf) (PDF). World Bank. Archived from the original (http://devdata.worldbank.org/ict/ltu_ic
t.pdf) (PDF) on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
357. "Upper secondary education in EU" (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&pl
ugin=1&language=en&pcode=tps00065). Eurostat. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140
517120812/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&plugin=1&language=en&pc
ode=tps00065) from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
358. "Population with tertiary education" (https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-educatio
n.htm). data.oecd.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190925040912/https://data.oecd.
org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm) from the original on 25 September 2019.
Retrieved 17 November 2018.
359. "Population with tertiary education" (https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-educatio
n.htm). data.oecd.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190925040912/https://data.oecd.
org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm) from the original on 25 September 2019.
Retrieved 25 March 2018.
360. "Education at a glance 2017. Lithuania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190808021023/http://gps
education.oecd.org/Content/EAGCountryNotes/LTU.pdf) (PDF). gpseducation.oecd.org. p. 2.
Archived from the original (http://gpseducation.oecd.org/Content/EAGCountryNotes/LTU.pdf)
(PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
361. Seime, Mantas Adomėnas, TS-LKD frakcijos narys. "M. Adomėnas. Lietuvos švietimas: ką
daryčiau kitaip?" (https://www.delfi.lt/news/ringas/politics/m-adomenas-lietuvos-svietimas-ka-dary
ciau-kitaip.d?id=71141632). Delfi.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180635/http
s://www.delfi.lt/news/ringas/politics/m-adomenas-lietuvos-svietimas-ka-daryciau-kitaip.d?id=7114
1632) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
362. "Mokyklose prasideda neterminuotas mokytojų streikas" (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/educatio
n/mokyklose-prasideda-neterminuotas-mokytoju-streikas.d?id=66552496). Delfi.lt. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210417193855/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/mokyklose-pr
asideda-neterminuotas-mokytoju-streikas.d?id=66552496) from the original on 17 April 2021.
Retrieved 4 January 2018.
363. "Mokytojų streikas pavyko" (http://www.ve.lt/naujienos/visuomene/svietimas/mokytoju-streikas-pa
vyko-1419148/). Dienraštis Vakaru ekspresas. 9 December 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20210511221339/https://ve.lt/naujienos/visuomene/svietimas/mokytoju-streikas-pavyko-1
419148) from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
364. "Mokytojų streikas: svarbiausi faktai" (https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/svietimas/mokytoju-s
treikas-svarbiausi-faktai-233-591297). 15min.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623
222404/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/svietimas/mokytoju-streikas-svarbiausi-faktai-233-
591297) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
365. "Mokytojų streikas tęsiasi 110 ugdymo įstaigų" (https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/svietimas/
mokytoju-streikas-tesiasi-110-ugdymo-istaigu-233-590739). 15min.lt. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20210623222223/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/svietimas/mokytoju-streikas-t
esiasi-110-ugdymo-istaigu-233-590739) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 4 January
2018.
366. "Lietuvos dėstytojai bei mokslininkai atvirai prabilo, kaip prisiduria prie algos" (https://www.tv3.lt/n
aujiena/934883/lietuvos-destytojai-bei-mokslininkai-atvirai-prabilo-kaip-prisiduria-prie-algos).
Tv3.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031153254/https://www.tv3.lt/naujiena/93488
3/lietuvos-destytojai-bei-mokslininkai-atvirai-prabilo-kaip-prisiduria-prie-algos) from the original
on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
367. "PISA 2009 Results: Executive Summary" (https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/46619703.pd
f) (PDF). Oecd.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210516195314/https://www.oecd.or
g/pisa/pisaproducts/46619703.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved
18 October 2018.
368. "Pisa 2015: Results in Focus" (https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf) (PDF).
Oecd.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161208150138/https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pis
a-2015-results-in-focus.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 18 October
2018.
369. "Lithuania, Academic Career Structure" (http://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/Academi
cCareersObservatory/AcademicCareersbyCountry/Lithuania.aspx). European University
Institute. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160101054454/http://www.eui.eu/Programmes
AndFellowships/AcademicCareersObservatory/AcademicCareersbyCountry/Lithuania.aspx) from
the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
370. "Alfa.lt – Universitetų reforma – "darbas ant durniaus" " (https://web.archive.org/web/2018011315
1138/https://www.alfa.lt/straipsnis/12887651/universitetu-reforma-darbas-ant-durniaus). 13
January 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.alfa.lt/straipsnis/12887651/universitetu-ref
orma-darbas-ant-durniaus) on 13 January 2018.
371. "Pristatyta aukštųjų mokyklų tinklo pertvarka" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180113151028/htt
p://www.ve.lt/naujienos/visuomene/svietimas/pristatyta-aukstuju-mokyklu-tinklo-pertvarka-15505
90/). 13 January 2018. Archived from the original (http://www.ve.lt/naujienos/visuomene/svietima
s/pristatyta-aukstuju-mokyklu-tinklo-pertvarka-1550590/) on 13 January 2018.
372. "Vyriausybė pritarė universitetų pertvarkos planui – Diena.lt" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180
113151301/http://www.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/vyriausybe-pritare-universitetu-per
tvarkos-planui-838745). 13 January 2018. Archived from the original (http://www.diena.lt/naujieno
s/lietuva/salies-pulsas/vyriausybe-pritare-universitetu-pertvarkos-planui-838745) on 13 January
2018.
373. "Seimas po svarstymo pritarė valstybinių universitetų pertvarkos planui – DELFI" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20180113151333/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-po-svarstymo-prit
are-valstybiniu-universitetu-pertvarkos-planui.d?id=75022448). 13 January 2018. Archived from
the original (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/seimas-po-svarstymo-pritare-valstybiniu-univ
ersitetu-pertvarkos-planui.d?id=75022448) on 13 January 2018.
374. "Seimas pritarė 3 universitetų sujungimui: formuojamas naujas darinys – DELFI" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20180113152341/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/seimas-pritare-3-universi
tetu-sujungimui-formuojamas-naujas-darinys.d?id=76893227). 13 January 2018. Archived from
the original (https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/seimas-pritare-3-universitetu-sujungimui-for
muojamas-naujas-darinys.d?id=76893227) on 13 January 2018.
375. Z. Zinkevičius (1993). Rytų Lietuva praeityje ir dabar. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla.
p. 9. ISBN 978-5-420-01085-3. "...linguist generally accepted that Lithuanian language is the
most archaic among live Indo-European languages..."
376. "THE IMPORTANCE OF LITHUANIAN FOR INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTICS" (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20180509145609/http://www.lituanus.org/1969/69_3_02.htm). Archived from the
original (http://www.lituanus.org/1969/69_3_02.htm) on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
377. Chapman, Siobhan; Routledge, Christopher (2005). Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the
Philosophy of Language (https://books.google.com/books?id=kQ6CTNgAbPMC&q=danis+hjelms
lev+studied+lithuanian&pg=PA124) (PDF). Oxford University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-19-
518768-7. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
378. "Why Lithuanian Accentuation Mattered to Saussure" (http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~josephj/LHI_Jose
ph%5b1%5d.pdf) (PDF). Lel.ed.ac.uk. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224193735/h
ttp://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~josephj/LHI_Joseph%5b1%5d.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 24
February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
379. "Remembering Vladimir Toporov" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224180000/http://www.litua
nus.org/2007/07_2_01%20Sabaliauskas.html). Lituanus.org. Archived from the original (http://w
ww.lituanus.org/2007/07_2_01%20Sabaliauskas.html) on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 4 April
2018.
380. "Lietuvių kalbos tarmės" (http://geografija6-8.mkp.emokykla.lt/lt/mo/zinynas/lietuviu_kalbos_tarm
es/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222325/http://geografija6-8.mkp.emokykla.l
t/lt/mo/zinynas/lietuviu_kalbos_tarmes/) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June
2020.
381. "Dr. Juozas Pabrėža: "Stipriausia kalba Lietuvoje yra žemaičių" " (https://web.archive.org/web/20
190503154650/http://www.santarve.lt/aktualijos/seniunijoje/dr-juozas-pabreza-stipriausia-kalba-li
etuvoje-yra-zemaiciu/). santarve.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.santarve.lt/aktualijos/se
niunijoje/dr-juozas-pabreza-stipriausia-kalba-lietuvoje-yra-zemaiciu/) on 3 May 2019. Retrieved
17 February 2018.
382. "Vaišnoras Simonas (Varniškis) apie 1545 – †1600 XI 16" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210225
162228/http://www.varniai-museum.lt/index.php?mid=11&art=460&langID=1). Varniai-museum.lt.
Archived from the original (http://www.varniai-museum.lt/index.php?mid=11&art=460&langID=1)
on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
383. Šlekonytė, Jūratė. "Lietuvių tautosakos populiarintojas Jonas Jablonskis" (http://www.llti.lt/failai/2
3_Sukaktys_Jablonskis.pdf) (PDF). llti.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021022708130
1/http://www.llti.lt/failai/23_Sukaktys_Jablonskis.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 27 February
2021. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
384. Radvanas, Jonas. "Radivilias, sive De vita, et rebus praeclarissime gestis immortalis memoriae"
(https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition-reading-europe/detail.html?id=97294).
theeuropeanlibrary.org. ex officina Ioannis Kartzani. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
385. Dambrauskaitė, Ramunė (1995). A Latin Funeral Oration From Vilnius (1594) (https://books.goog
le.com/books?id=101lb8v-bJcC&pg=PA253). Leuven: Leuven University Press, Humanistica
Lovaniensia. p. 253. ISBN 978-90-6186-680-0. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
386. Institute of Lithuanian Scientific Society. "Lithuanian Classic Literature" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20050204191505/http://anthology.lms.lt/). Archived from the original (http://anthology.lms.lt/)
on 4 February 2005. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
387. "Lithuanian Baroque architecture" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190808021028/http://www.kpd.
lt/uploads/EN/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/9_LITHUANIAN_BARO
QUE_ARCHITECTURE.pdf) (PDF). kpd.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.kpd.lt/uploads/
EN/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/9_LITHUANIAN_BAROQUE_ARC
HITECTURE.pdf) (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
388. "Vilniaus barokas" (http://www.ivilnius.lt/apie-vilniu/architektura/barokas/). iVilnius.lt. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20210417194854/http://www.ivilnius.lt/apie-vilniu/architektura/barokas/)
from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
389. "Vilnius Historic Centre" (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/541). whc.unesco.org. Archived (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20051027114553/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/541) from the original on 27
October 2005. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
390. "Lietuvos dvarų duomenų bazė" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180209184503/http://www.herita
ge.lt/dvarai/). heritage.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.heritage.lt/dvarai/) on 9 February
2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
391. "Ethnographic settlements of Lithuania" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190808021041/http://ww
w.kpd.lt/uploads/EN/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/23_ETHNOGRAP
HIC_SETTLEMENTS_OF_LITHUANIA.pdf) (PDF). kpd.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.
kpd.lt/uploads/EN/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/Heritage%20in%20Lithuania/23_ETHNOGRAPH
IC_SETTLEMENTS_OF_LITHUANIA.pdf) (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
392. "Kaunas of 1919–1940, Lithuania" (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/her
itage-label/sites/kaunas-1919-1940_en). ec.europa.eu. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
201104192723/https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/heritage-label/sites/ka
unas-1919-1940_en) from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
393. "History of the Lithuanian Art Museum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110510013109/http://ww
w.ldm.lt/LDM/History_LAM_en.htm). Ldm.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.ldm.lt/LDM/His
tory_LAM_en.htm) on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
394. "Tartle" (https://www.tartle.lt/en/news.html). tartle.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210
516182614/https://www.tartle.lt/en/news.html) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved
1 November 2018. "The Art Centre TARTLE opened in Užupis district in Vilnius will provide an
opportunity to get acquainted with Lithuanian art treasures and historical artefacts from cultural
heritage of the pagan times to the contemporary art. The target of the collection and the art
centre is not only to collect and bring back to homeland the Lithuanian cultural and historical
heritage scattered all over the world.."
395. "Lietuvos tapyba" (https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-tapyba/). Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
(in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220212224043/https://www.vle.lt/straips
nis/lietuvos-tapyba/) from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
396. "Teatras" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222206/https://lrkm.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/teatras).
lrkm.lrv.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (https://lrkm.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/teatras) on
23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
397. "Sirenos" (http://www.sirenos.lt/). sirenos.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202105151757
53/https://www.sirenos.lt/) from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
398. "FESTIVALIS "TheATRIUM" " (http://kldt.lt/festivalis-the-atrium/). kldt.lt. Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20210430230735/https://kldt.lt/festivalis-the-atrium/) from the original on 30 April
2021. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
399. "Festivalis "Nerk į teatrą" " (http://dramosteatras.lt/lt/projektai/festivalis-nerk-i-teatra/).
dramosteatras.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222326/http://dramosteatras.lt/l
t/projektai/festivalis-nerk-i-teatra/) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February
2018.
400. "Nariai" (http://teatrosajunga.lt/member/). teatrosajunga.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20210627225847/https://teatrosajunga.lt/member/) from the original on 27 June
2021. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
401. "Oskaras Koršunovas" (https://www.okt.lt/kurejai/oskaras-korsunovas/). Okt.lt (in Lithuanian).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222248/https://www.okt.lt/kurejai/oskaras-korsun
ovas/) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
402. "Kino Lietuvoje istorija" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210225094905/https://sites.google.com/si
te/lietuvoskinas19/lietuvos-kinas). sites.google.com. Archived from the original (https://sites.goog
le.com/site/lietuvoskinas19/lietuvos-kinas) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
403. "Faktai ir statistika" (http://www.lkc.lt/faktai-ir-statistika/). lkc.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20210207204352/http://www.lkc.lt/faktai-ir-statistika/) from the original on 7
February 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
404. "Sutartinės, Lithuanian multipart songs" (https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sutartines-lithuanian-multip
art-songs-00433). ich.unesco.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201208020335/http
s://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sutartines-lithuanian-multipart-songs-00433) from the original on 8
December 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
405. "Anthology of Lithuanian ethnoculture" (http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/eka/). Lnkc.lt. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210623222324/http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/eka/) from the original on
23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
406. "Operos dieną Valdovų rūmuose vainikuos pasaulinis šedevras – K. Monteverdžio opera
"Orfėjas" " (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060834/https://www.valdovurumai.lt/aktualijos/
claudio-monteverdi-opera-orfejas-lorfeo). valdovurumai.lt. Archived from the original (http://valdo
vurumai.lt/aktualijos/claudio-monteverdi-opera-orfejas-lorfeo) on 8 March 2021. Retrieved
7 September 2015.
407. "Painting | M. K. Čiurlionis" (http://ciurlionis.eu/en/painting/). ciurlionis.eu. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20210623222149/http://ciurlionis.eu/en/painting/) from the original on 23 June
2021. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
408. Murauskaitė, Rasa. "Trys meilės chorui dešimtmečiai. Pokalbis su Vaclovu Augustinu" (https://w
ww.15min.lt/kultura/naujiena/muzika/trys-meiles-chorui-desimtmeciai-pokalbis-su-vaclovu-august
inu-284-1207238). 15min.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202104171741
22/https://www.15min.lt/kultura/naujiena/muzika/trys-meiles-chorui-desimtmeciai-pokalbis-su-vac
lovu-augustinu-284-1207238) from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
409. "Lithuanian Song Festival" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213024/https://www.dainusven
te.lt/en/history/). DainuSvente.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.dainusvente.lt/en/history/)
on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
410. Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/image
s/0014/001473/147344e.pdf) (PDF). UNESCO. 2005. p. 50. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20170617201025/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001473/147344e.pdf) (PDF) from
the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
411. "Street Music Day" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180311021339/http://gmd.lt/en). gmd.lt.
Archived from the original (http://gmd.lt/en) on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
412. "The Modern Music of Lithuania: Past & Present" (http://www.mic.lt/en/database/classical/histor
y/). Mic.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210627234436/https://www.mic.lt/en/databas
e/classical/history/) from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
413. "Jazz in Lithuania" (http://www.vilniusjazz.lt/press/99jil.php). Vilniusjazz.lt. Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20210227190616/http://www.vilniusjazz.lt/press/99jil.php) from the original on 27
February 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
414. Sinitsyna, Olga (1999). CENSORSHIP IN THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS CULTURAL AND
PROFESSIONAL RESULTS FOR ARTS AND ART LIBRARIES (https://forge.fh-potsdam.de/~IFL
A/INSPEL/99-1sino.pdf) (PDF). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308143445/https://f
orge.fh-potsdam.de/~IFLA/INSPEL/99-1sino.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021.
Retrieved 22 January 2018.
415. Tilvikaitė, Patricija. "Ir lietuviškas rokas padėjo Lietuvai atkurti Nepriklausomybę" (http://www.univ
ersitetozurnalistas.kf.vu.lt/2016/08/ir-lietuviskas-rokas-padejo-lietuvai-atkurti-nepriklausomybe/).
Universitetozurnalistas.kf.vu.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021062322
2325/http://www.universitetozurnalistas.kf.vu.lt/2016/08/ir-lietuviskas-rokas-padejo-lietuvai-atkurti
-nepriklausomybe/) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
416. "A. Mamontovas: "Roko maršai" buvo toks įrankis, koks dabar yra internetas" (http://kauno.diena.
lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/mamontovas-roko-marsai-buvo-toks-irankis-koks-dabar-yra-inte
rnetas-801615). Kauno diena / LRT (in Lithuanian). 12 March 2017. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20210627235041/https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/mamontovas-r
oko-marsai-buvo-toks-irankis-koks-dabar-yra-internetas-801615) from the original on 27 June
2021. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
417. "Ukmergės karinis miestelis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222917/http://www.autc.lt/lt/a
rchitekturos-objektai/1558). Autc.lt. Archived from the original (http://www.autc.lt/lt/architekturos-o
bjektai/1558) on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
418. "Knyga "Antiška" (II dalis): iki "Anties" lietuviai nežinojo, kas yra zombis (ištrauka, video)" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20210623222913/https://kultura.lrytas.lt/literatura/knyga-antiska-ii-dalis-iki-
anties-lietuviai-nezinojo-kas-yra-zombis-istrauka-video.htm). Lrytas.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived
from the original (https://kultura.lrytas.lt/literatura/knyga-antiska-ii-dalis-iki-anties-lietuviai-nezinoj
o-kas-yra-zombis-istrauka-video.htm) on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
419. Bacanskas, Benas (19 December 2014). "Dainos teatras – Kolorado vabalai (1991-12-25)" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20210809142047/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDLmyqENH3U).
YouTube. Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDLmyqENH3U) on 9
August 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
420. "A. Mamontovas: padėsime galutinį tašką "Foje" istorijoje – LRT" (http://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kalba
-vilnius/32/26683/a-mamontovas-padesime-galutini-taska-foje-istorijoje). LRT (in Lithuanian). 6
October 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210627232410/https://www.lrt.lt/naujieno
s/kalba-vilnius/32/26683/a-mamontovas-padesime-galutini-taska-foje-istorijoje) from the original
on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
421. "A. Mamontovas: populiarumą išnaudoju geriems darbams" (http://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kultura/26/
117983/a-mamontovas-populiaruma-isnaudoju-geriems-darbams). LRT (in Lithuanian). 31
October 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210430135756/https://www.lrt.lt/naujieno
s/kultura/26/117983/a-mamontovas-populiaruma-isnaudoju-geriems-darbams) from the original
on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
422. Marijonas Mikutavičius – Trys milijonai (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmmg3Wl86kQ) on
YouTube
423. "Marijonas Mikutavičius, Mantas, Mia – Nebetyli sirgaliai" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190109
115739/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TyDEPzXr3M&gl=US&hl=en). YouTube. 15 October
2014. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
424. "Tradicinė lietuviška virtuvė" (https://www.delfi.lt/gyvenimas/receptai/tradicine-lietuviska-virtuve.
d?id=12788805). DELFI. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194304/https://www.del
fi.lt/gyvenimas/receptai/tradicine-lietuviska-virtuve.d?id=12788805) from the original on 17 April
2021. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
425. "Lietuvos virtuvė" (https://maistologija.wordpress.com/2010/08/07/lietuvos-virtuve/).
maistologija.wordpress.com (in Lithuanian). 7 August 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20210623222139/https://maistologija.wordpress.com/2010/08/07/lietuvos-virtuve/) from the
original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
426. "The only guide to Lithuanian cuisine you will ever need" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180406
041111/https://www.urbanadventures.com/blog/guide-lithuanian-cuisine.html).
Urbanadventures.com. Archived from the original (https://www.urbanadventures.com/blog/guide-l
ithuanian-cuisine.html) on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
427. "LITHUANIAN TRADITIONAL FOODS – BREAD" (http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/eka/food/bread.htm
l). Lnkc.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180325233234/http://www.lnkc.lt/eknygos/ek
a/food/bread.html) from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
428. "Kokią įtaką Lietuvos virtuvei padarė prancūzai?" (https://www.15min.lt/maistas/naujiena/virtuve/k
okia-itaka-lietuvos-virtuvei-padare-prancuzai-1044-719414). 15min.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20180326064821/https://www.15min.lt/maistas/naujiena/virtuve/kokia-i
taka-lietuvos-virtuvei-padare-prancuzai-1044-719414) from the original on 26 March 2018.
Retrieved 26 March 2018.
429. Astrauskas, Antanas (2008). Per barzdą varvėjo: svaigiųjų gėrimų istorija Lietuvoje. Vilnius:
Baltos lankos. ISBN 978-9955-23-141-7.
430. "Alus – apeiginis baltų gėrimas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190808021048/http://www.llti.lt/fa
ilai/05_Laurinkienes.pdf) (PDF). Llti.lt. p. 18. Archived from the original (http://www.llti.lt/failai/05_
Laurinkienes.pdf) (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
431. "Lithuanian beer – A rough guide" (http://www.garshol.priv.no/download/lithuanian-beer-guide/bo
ok.pdf) (PDF). Garshol.priv.no. p. 5. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141215235338/htt
p://www.garshol.priv.no/download/lithuanian-beer-guide/book.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 15
December 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
432. "Trying to understand Lithuanian beer" (http://www.garshol.priv.no/blog/253.html).
Garshol.priv.no. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210430211724/https://www.garshol.pri
v.no/blog/253.html) from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
433. "Beer statistics – 2016 edition" (http://www.brewersofeurope.org/uploads/mycms-files/document
s/publications/2016/stats_2016_web.pdf) (PDF). Brewersofeurope.org. Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20170701100831/http://www.brewersofeurope.org/uploads/mycms-files/document
s/publications/2016/stats_2016_web.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved
25 March 2018.
434. "The best restaurants in the Nordics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210124174247/http://www.
whiteguide-nordic.com/nyheter/there-is-no-better-time-than-now-to-visit-baltic-restaurants).
Whiteguide-nordic.com. Archived from the original (http://www.whiteguide-nordic.com/nyheter/the
re-is-no-better-time-than-now-to-visit-baltic-restaurants) on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 4 April
2018.
435. Laurinavičienė, Beatričė; Budreikienė, Jovita (28 July 2023). "Paskelbti 30 geriausių Lietuvos
restoranų, pirmoje vietoje – "Gaspar's" " (https://www.vz.lt/laisvalaikis/maistas-ir-gerimai/2023/07/
28/paskelbti-30-geriausiu-lietuvos-restoranu-pirmoje-vietoje--gaspars). Verslo žinios (in
Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240605134437/https://www.vz.lt/laisvalaiki
s/maistas-ir-gerimai/2023/07/28/paskelbti-30-geriausiu-lietuvos-restoranu-pirmoje-vietoje--gaspa
rs) from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
436. Laurinavičienė, Beatričė (11 April 2024). " "Michelin" gido įvertinti restoranai – ir Lietuvoje" (http
s://www.vz.lt/laisvalaikis/maistas-ir-gerimai/2024/04/11/michelin-gido-ivertinti-restoranai--ir-lietuv
oje). Verslo žinios (in Lithuanian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240605124425/http
s://www.vz.lt/laisvalaikis/maistas-ir-gerimai/2024/04/11/michelin-gido-ivertinti-restoranai--ir-lietuv
oje) from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
437. "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2017" (https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/
humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204308). State.gov. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20210623221806/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.ht
m?year=2012&dlid=204308) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
438. "Annual Review of Media Surveys 2021" (https://www.kantar.lt/data/files/Metines_apzvalgos/Ann
ual_Review_of_Media_Surveys_2021.pdf) (PDF). Kantar. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20230619104838/https://www.kantar.lt/data/files/Metines_apzvalgos/Annual_Review_of_Media_
Surveys_2021.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
439. "National Holidays" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180628125054/http://www.vilnius-tourism.lt/e
n/media/cultural-events/national-holidays/). Archived from the original (http://www.vilnius-tourism.
lt/en/media/cultural-events/national-holidays/) on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
440. "Lietuvos krepšinio rinktinės kovas šįmet matė per 2 mln. televizijos žiūrovų" (https://archive.toda
y/20150127002110/http://www.15min.lt/naujiena/sportas/krepsinis/lietuvos-krepsinio-rinktines-ko
vas-simet-mate-per-2-mln-televizijos-ziurovu-23-466445). 15min.lt. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.15min.lt/naujiena/sportas/krepsinis/lietuvos-krepsinio-rinktines-kovas-simet-mate-per-2-
mln-televizijos-ziurovu-23-466445) on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
441. "The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame – Hall of Famers Index" (http://www.hoophall.co
m/hall-of-famers-index/). Hoophall.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130325102924/
http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers-index/) from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved
30 April 2016.
442. "NBA rosters feature record 113 international players from 41 countries and territories" (http://pr.n
ba.com/nba-rosters-international-players-2016-17/) (Press release). National Basketball
Association. 25 October 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210501012400/https://pr.
nba.com/nba-rosters-international-players-2016-17/) from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved
11 September 2017.
443. "Three cities set to host the FIFA Futsal World Cup Lithuania 2021™" (https://www.fifa.com/tourn
aments/mens/futsalworldcup/lithuania2021/media-releases/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.comthree-cities
-set-to-host-the-fifa-futsal-world-cup-lithuania-2020tm). www.fifa.com. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
444. "Žiemos sportas Lietuvoje – podukros vietoje" (http://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/sveikata/sveikata/z
iemos-sportas-lietuvoje-podukros-vietoje-674533#.VRUtQaM1jct). Kauno.diena.lt (in Lithuanian).
10 February 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210430183452/https://kauno.diena.l
t/naujienos/sveikata/sveikata/ziemos-sportas-lietuvoje-podukros-vietoje-674533#.VRUtQaM1jct)
from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
445. "Jie tai padarė! Lietuviai žaibiškai atsitiesė po šalto dušo ir iškovojo istorinį titulą" (https://www.15
min.lt/sportas/naujiena/ziemos-sportas/jie-tai-padare-lietuviai-zaibiskai-atsitiese-po-salto-duso-ir-i
skovojo-istorini-titula-295-963998). 15min.lt. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210625120
911/https://www.15min.lt/sportas/naujiena/ziemos-sportas/jie-tai-padare-lietuviai-zaibiskai-atsitie
se-po-salto-duso-ir-iskovojo-istorini-titula-295-963998) from the original on 25 June 2021.
Retrieved 28 April 2018.

External links

Government

The Lithuanian President (https://www.lrp.lt/en) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160115

013011/https://www.lrp.lt/en) 15 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine – Official site of the
President of the Republic of Lithuania
The Lithuanian Parliament (https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_k=2) Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20220331224459/https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_k=2) 31 March 2022 at the
Wayback Machine – Official site of the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania
The Lithuanian Government (https://lrv.lt/en) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210406001
528/https://lrv.lt/en/) 6 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine – Official site of the Government of the
Republic of Lithuania
Statistics Lithuania (https://www.stat.gov.lt/en) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202210050
94900/https://www.stat.gov.lt/en) 5 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine – Official site of
Department of Statistics to the Government of Lithuania
Lithuania – Real is Beautiful (https://lithuania.travel/en/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
130401141631/http://www.travel.lt/turizmas/selectPage.do?docLocator=1DDDB5E44C7311DAB
36D746164617373&inlanguage=en) 1 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine – The Official Travel
Guide by the Lithuanian National Tourism Development Agency

General information

The Baltic States and geopolitics (https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AGeopolitics+Baltic+

States.&qt=hot_subject/LH.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210625131927/https://
 www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AGeopolitics+Baltic+States.&qt=hot_subject%2FLH.html) 25
June 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Lithuania (https://lietuva.lt/en/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210602011848/https://liet
uva.lt/en/) 2 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine – Lithuanian internet gates
Lithuania (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/) Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/) 22
June 2021 at the Wayback Machine. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
Lithuania. CIA Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments (https://www.cia.g
ov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/LH.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20201016161247/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/world-leaders-1/LH.html) 16
October 2020 at the Wayback Machine
Lithuania (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061242/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpub
s/for/lithuania.htm) from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Lithuania (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17536867) Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210604175849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17536867) 4 June 2021 at
the Wayback Machine from the BBC News
Wikimedia Atlas of Lithuania

Other

Key Development Forecasts for Lithuania (http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Cou

ntry=LT) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192223/http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_C
ountryProfile.aspx?Country=LT) 17 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine from International
Futures
Heraldry (http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Lithuania) Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20181018201632/http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Lithuania) 18 October
2018 at the Wayback Machine of Lithuania
Geographic data related to Lithuania (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/72596) at
OpenStreetMap

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuania&oldid=1266200859"