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11-Multi Level Queue Scheduling

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11-Multi Level Queue Scheduling

Uploaded by

abdullahzahidhp
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1

CSC351-Operating System
Week-6 Lecture-11
Semester 5
2

Round Robin
Preamble Scheduling
(Past lesson
brief)

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Multilevel Queue

 Ready queue is partitioned into separate queues, eg:


 foreground (interactive)
 background (batch)
 Process permanently in each queue
 Each queue has its own scheduling algorithm:
 foreground – RR
 background – FCFS
 Scheduling must be done between the queues:
 Fixed priority scheduling; (i.e., serve all from foreground then from
background). Possibility of starvation.
 Time slice – each queue gets a certain amount of CPU time which it can
schedule amongst its processes; i.e., 80% to foreground in RR
 20% to background in FCFS
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4
Multilevel Queue Scheduling

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Example Question

 Consider the below table of four processes under Multilevel


queue scheduling. Queue number denotes the queue of the
process.

Priority of queue 1 is greater than queue 2. queue 1 uses Round


Robin (Time Quantum = 2) and queue 2 uses FCFS.

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Solution

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Practice Task 1:

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Solution

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Disadvantages of Multilevel 9
Queue Scheduling

 The main disadvantage of Multilevel Queue


Scheduling is the problem of Starvation for lower-level
processes.
 what is Starvation?
 Well, due to starvation, lower-level processes either never
execute or have to wait for a long amount of time
because of lower priority or higher priority process taking
a large amount of time.

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10
Multilevel Feedback Queue

 A multilevel feedback queue (MLFQ) is a CPU scheduling algorithm that


uses multiple queues with varying priorities to manage process
execution. It dynamically adjusts priorities based on process behavior,
promoting or demoting processes between queues.

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Features of MLFQ

 Multiple queues: MLFQ maintains multiple queues with different priorities.


 Feedback mechanism: The feedback mechanism in MLFQ scheduling
allows the adjustment of process priority based on its past behavior. If a
process exhausts its time slice in a lower-priority queue, it can be
promoted to a higher-priority queue to receive more CPU time.
 Time slicing: Each process is assigned a specific time quantum to
execute in its current queue.
 Dynamic priority adjustment: The feedback mechanism allows the
adjustment of process priority based on its behavior over time.
 Preemption: It enables a high-priority process to interrupt and take
precedence over a low-priority process to ensure it receives the
necessary CPU time.

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Example of Multilevel Feedback
Queue

 Three queues:
 Q0 – RR with time quantum 8 milliseconds
 Q1 – RR time quantum 16 milliseconds
 Q2 – FCFS

 Scheduling
 A new job enters queue Q0 which is served
RR
 When it gains CPU, job receives 8
milliseconds
 If it does not finish in 8 milliseconds, job
is moved to queue Q1
 At Q1 job is again served RR and receives
16 additional milliseconds
 If it still does not complete, it is
preempted and moved to queue Q2
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Functionality of MLFQ

 MLFQ scheduling requires configuring parameters such as the number of


queues, time quantum, and priority adjustment. These parameters
enable efficient resource utilization and ensure fairness in executing
processes.

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Conclusion

The multilevel feedback queue (MLFQ) scheduling algorithm is a


versatile approach to CPU scheduling. It optimizes resource utilization by
dynamically adjusting priorities and utilizing multiple queues. MLFQ
enhances system responsiveness and overall performance with features
like preemption and task prioritization.

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Pros & Cons

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Reference

 To cover this topics , different reference material has


been used for consultation.
 Operating systems concept by Abraham siberchatz
edition 9
 Tutorialspoint.com
 Google.com

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