0 0

IEXERCISE 11.1 1
1. A point is on the x-axis. What are its y-coordinate and =-coordinates?
2. A point is in the XZ-plane. What can you say about its y-coordinate?
3. Name the octants in which the following points lie:
(1 , 2, 3), (4, -2, 3), (4, -2, -5), (4, 2, -5), (-4, 2, -5), (- 4, 2, 5),
(-3, -1 , 6) (- 2, - 4, -7).
-1. Fill in the blanks:
( i) The x-axis and y-axis taken together determine a plane known as_ __
(ii) The coordinates of points in the XV-plane are of the form _ __
(iii) Coordinate planes divide the space into ___ octants.
 0
jL-X .
t. Find the distance between the following pairs of points:
(i) (2, 3, 5)and(4, 3, I) (ii) (-3 , 7, 2)and(2, 4, -l)
(iii) (- I, 3, - 4) and ( 1, - 3, 4) (iv) (2, -l , 3)and(-2, 1, 3).
2. Show that the points (-2, 3, 5), (I , 2, 3) and (7, 0, -I) are collinear.
3. Verify the following:
(i) (0, 7, -10), (1 , 6, -6) and (4, 9,-6)are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
(ii) (0, 7, 10), (-1 , 6, 6) and (-4, 9, 6) are the vertices ofa right angled triangle.
(iii) (-1 , 2, I), (1 ,-2, 5), (4,-7, 8)and (2,-3, 4)are the vertices ofa parallelogram.
4. Find the equation of the set of points which are equidistant from the points
(l , 2, 3)and (3 , 2, -1).
5. Find the equation of the set of points P, the sum of whose distances from
A (4, 0, 0) and B (-4, 0, 0) is equal to 10.
 Aliscella11eous Exercise 011 Cllapter 1
I. Three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(3, - I, 2), B (I , 2, - 4) and
C (- I, 1, 2). Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex.
2. Find the lengths of the medians of the triangle with verticesA(0, 0, 6), B (0,4, 0)
and (6, 0, 0).
J . If the origin is the centroid of the triangle PQR with vertices P (2a, 2, 6),
Q (-4, 3b, -10) and R(8, 14, 2c), then find the values of a, band c.
4. lf A and B be the points(3, 4, 5) and (-1 , 3, -7), respectively, find the equation of
the set of points P such that PA2 + PB2 = k2, where k is a constant.
 IF.XERCISE 12.11
Evaluate the followi ng limits in Exercises I to 22.
22 2
limx+3
I . X➔3 2. x➔
limx ( x - 7 ) 3. limnr
r➔l

5
... I'Im--
4x+3
X- 2
X➔4
x' 0 +x 5 + I
.5. Jim - -- -
x➔ -, x- 1
. (x+l) - I
6. I1m
x➔O
...,:..___c_ _

3x 2 -x - 10 . x 4 -81 ·. ax+ b
7. lim 8. tm _ 2_ __ 9. I1m--
:r➔2 x 2 -4 x➔3
' 2x -Sx-3 x➔o a+ I
I

10.
r1m- ---I _3
. ax +bx +c
11. hm 2
2
, a + b + c ;t 0
:➔I .!_
x➔l ex +bx+a
z6 - I

I I
- +- . sm ax . sin ax
12. Jim ~ J3. I1m - - 1-J. ltm - . -, a,b=F- 0
X➔-2 x+2 x➔o bx x➔O smbx

0
238 M AT HEMATICS

. sin(1t -x) . cosx . cos 2x- l

IS l11n-~- ~ 16. I1m - - 17. I 1m- --
• • X➔lt 1t ( 1t - X) .,➔o ,r-x x➔o cos x- 1

. ax+xcosx
18. I1m - - - - 19. Jim xsecx
X➔O bsin x x➔O

20.
rtm - - - a, b, a+ b * 0
sin-ax+bx 2 I. Iim (cosec x - cot x)
x➔O ax+sinbx ' x➔O

·. tan2x
It m --
22. ➔! 7t
X 2 X- -
2

. . { 2x +3, X ~0
23. Find hm/(x) and hm/(x) where
x➔O x➔l '
f( x)= 3(X + I), X >0

2
X ~ I
24. Find lim/(x) where / (x) = { x - I,
x➔I ' - X 2 -1 x >1
'

lxl X;t 0
25. Evaluate ~~/(x) , where /(x)= ~ •
{ 0, x=O
26. Find !~f(x) , where /(x)= {l;I'
0, x=0

27. Find !~f(x) , where /(x)=lxl-5

a+bx, x <I
28. Suppose /(x)= 4, x= I
{
b-ax , x> I

and if Jim/ (x) =/( I ) what are possible values of a and b?

.r➔ I

0 a
29. Let a l' a2, .. . , an be fixed reaJ numbers and define a function

What is lim /(x) ? For some a ~ a ,. a,,- .... a n , compute lim / (x) .
.r ➔ o1 .r ➔ o

lxl+t, x<0
30. If /(x)= 0, x=0 .
{lxl - 1, x> 0

For what value (s) of a does .r➔a-'

lim f(x) exists?

2
31. If the functionf(x) satisfies lim /(: )- = 1t , evaluate lim1/(x) .
.r➔I X - I .r➔

2
mx +n x<0
32. Iff(x)= nx. +m.' 0 ~ x ~I _For what integers m and n does both ~~/(x)
{
nx3 +m , x>l

and lim f ( x) exist?

.r➔l
 IEXER( JSE 12.21
1. Find the derivative of x1- 2 atx = 10.
2. Find the derivative of x at x = I.
l. Find the derivative of 99x at x = 100.
4. Find the derivative ofthe following functions from first principle.
(i) x 3 -27 (ii) (x-l)(x-2)

(iii) x+ I
x2 (iv) x- 1
5. For the function
x'oo x99 xi
f(x)=-+-+ . .. +-+x+ I
100 99 2 .

Prove that f' (1) = I00 j' ( 0) .

6 . Find the derivative of xn + axn-i + a 2xn- 2 + ... + an-Ix+ an for some fi xed real
number a .
7. For some constants a and b, find the derivative of
x-a
(i) (x-a)(x-b) (ii) (ax
2
+bf (iii) -
x-
-b

n n
8. Find the derivative of x - a for some constant a.
x-a
9. Find the derivative of
3
(i) 2x - - (ii) ( 5x3 + 3x - I) ( x - l)
4
5
(iii) x- 3 (5+3x) (iv) X (3-6x-9 )

2 x2
(v) x-4(3 -4x-5 ) (vi) -----
x+ I 3x-l
IO Find the derivative of cos x from first principle.
I l. Find the derivative ofthe following functions:
(i) sin xcosx (ii) secx ( iii) 5secx+4cosx
(iv) cosec x (v) 3 cot x + 5 cosec x
(vi) 5sinx-6cosx+7 (vii) 2tan x-7secx

Miscellu11eo1u Examplel·
 !tlisce//a,1eou.f Eliercue on Cltapter 11
I . Find the derivative of the following func tions from first principle:
1[
(i) -.t (ii) (- xr' (iii) sin (x + 1) (iv) cos (x - )
8
Find the derivative of the fo llowing functions (it is to be understood that a, b, c, d.
p, q, rands are fixed non-zero constants and m and n are integers):

2. (x + a) 4. (ax+b)(cx+d)2

ax+b 1+!
s. cx+d 6. -f 7. 2
ax +bx+c
l--
x

ax + b px2 +qx+ r a b
8. px2 + qx+r 9. 10 . - - -+cosx
x4 x2
ax+b
IL 4-,Jx-2 12. (ax+bf ll. (ax+bf (cx+dr
cosx
14. sin (x + a) IS. cosec x cot x 16. .
l+smx

sinx +cosx secx - 1 . n

17. 18. 19. sm x
sinx-cosx secx+ 1
a+ bsinx sin(x+ a)
20. 21 . 22. x4 (5sinx-3cosx)
c+dcosx cosx
2 2
23. (x + t) cosx 2-i. (ax +sinx)(p+qcosx)

2
4x + 5sinx x cos(:)
25. ( X + COS X )( X - tan X) 26. 27.
3x+ 1cosx smx

X X
28. 29. ( x + sec x) ( x - tan x) JO.
I +tanx sin" X
 IEXERC ISE 13.tl
Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data in Exercises I and 2.
I. 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17
2. 38, 70, 48, 40, 42, 55, 63, 46, 54, 44
Find the mean deviation about the median for the data in Exercises 3 and 4.
J . 13, 17, 16, 14, 11, 13, 10, 16, II , 18, 12, 17
~- 36, 72,46, 42, 60, 45, 53, 46, 51 , 49
Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data in Exercises 5 and 6 .
s. .x 5 I
IO 15 20 25
j 7 I
4 6 3 5
6. x 1 IO 30 50 70 90
J, 4 24 28 16 8
Find the mean deviation about the median for the data in Exercises 7 and 8.
7. .x 5 I
7 9 IQ 12 15
J, 8 6 2 2 2 6
8. X I
15 21 27 30 35
J, 3 5 6 7 8.

06 0
Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data in Exercises 9 and 10.
9. lrrone per 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 600-700 700-800
day in ~
Number 4 8 9 10 7 5 4 3
of persons
I 0. Height 95-105 105-1 15 11 5-1 25 125- 135 135-1 45 145- 155
in ems
Number of 9 13 26 30 12 10
boys
11. Find the mean deviation about median for the fo llowing data :
Marks 0- 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Number of 6 8 14 16 4 2
Girls
12. Calculate the mean deviation about median age for the age distribution of I00
persons given below:
Age 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41 -45 46-50 5!-55
(in years)
Number 5 6 12 14 26 12 16 9

[Hint Convert the given data into continuous frequency distribution by subtracting 0.5
from the lower limit and adding 0.5 to the upper limit of each class interval]
 l"T . 10

!EXERCISE 13.21
Find the mean and variance for each of the data in Exercies I to 5.
I. 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12
2. First n natural numbers
3. First IO multiples of 3
4. XI 6 10 14 18 24 28 30
f, 2 4 7 12 8 4 3

5. x, 92 93 97 98 102 104 109

/, 3 2 3 2 6 3 3

6. Find the mean and standard deviation using short-cut method.

XI 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Ii 2 I 12 29 25 12 10 4 5
Find the mean and variance for the following frequency distributions in Exercises
7 and 8.

7. Classes 0-30 30-60 60-90 I 90- 120 120-150 150-180 180-210

Frequencies 2 3 5 I 10 3 5 2

D 0~
8. Classes 0- 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

Frequencies 5 8 15 16 6

9. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation using short-cut method

Height 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100 IOO-I05 105-1 10 110- 115
incms
No. of 3 4 7 7 15 9 6 6 3
children

I 0. The diameters of circles (in mm) drawn in a design are given below:
Diameters 33-36 37-40 4 1-44 45-48 49-52
No. of circles 15 17

Calculate the standard deviation and mean diameter of the circles.

21

[ lliot First make the data continuous by making the classes as 32.5-36.5, 36.5-40.5,
40.5-44.5, 44.5 - 48.5, 48.5 - 52.5 and then proceed.]
22 25

GJ
0 0
t.liscella11eo11 .f Exercise 011 Chapter 13
I. The mean and varianc e of eight observ ations are 9 and 9 .25 , respect ively. If six
of the observations are 6, 7, I0, 12, 12 and 13, find the remain ing two observ ations.
2. The mean and variance of7 observ ations are 8 and 16, respect ively. If five of the
observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14. Find the remain ing two observ ations.
J. The mean and standard deviati on of six observ ations are 8 and 4 , respect ively. If
each observation is multiplied by 3, find the new mean and new standar d deviati on
of the resulting observ ations.
.a. Given that ·x is the mean and cr 2 is the varianc e of n observ ations x " x , ... .,xn·
2
Prove that the mean and varianc e of the observ ations ax ., ax , ax , •••• , ax" are
ax and a2 cr 2, respectively, (a* 0).
2 3

5. The mean and standard deviati on of 20 observ ations are found to be IO and 2 ,
respectively. On recheck ing, it was found that an observ ation 8 was inco rrect.
Calculate the correct mean and standar d deviati on in each of the followi ng cases:
(i) lf wrong item is omitted . (ii) If it is replace d by 12.
6. The mean and standard deviation of a group of l00 observ ations were found to
be 20 and 3, respectively. Later on it was found that three observ ations were
incorrect, which were recorded as 21 , 21 and 18. Find the mean and standa rd
deviati on if the incorrect observ ations are omitted .
 !EXER( 'ISF 14. I j
I. A die is rolled. Let Ebe the event "die shows 4" and F be the event "die shows
even number" . Are E and F mutually exclusive?
2. A die is thrown. Describe the following events:
(i) A: a number less than 7 (ii) B: a number greater than 7
(iii) C: a multiple of3 (iv) D: a number less than 4
(v) E: an even number greater than 4 (vi) F: a number not less than 3
AJso find A u 8 , An B , B u C, E n F, D n E, A - C, D - E, E n F', F'

a
J. An experiment involves rolling a pair of dice and recording the numbers that
come up. Describe the following events:
A: the s um is greater than 8, B: 2 occurs on either die
C: the sum is at least 7 and a multiple of 3.
Which pairs of these events are mutually exclusive?
4. Three coins are tossed once. Let A denote the event ' three heads show", B
denote the event "two heads and one tail show", C denote the event" three tails
show and D denote the event ' a head shows on the first coin". Which events are
(i) mutually exclusive? (ii) simple? (iii) Compound?
5. Three coins are tossed. Describe
(i) Two events which are mutually exclusive.
(ii) Three events which are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
(iiJ) Two events, which are not mutually exclusive.
(iv) Two events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.
(v) Three events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.
6 , Two d ice are thrown. The events A , 8 and Care as follows:
A : getting an even number on the first die.
B: getting an odd number on the first die.
C: getting the s um of the numbers on the dice~ 5.
Describe the events
(i) A' (ii) not B (iii) A or B
(iv) A and B (v) A but not C (vi) B or C
(vii) 8 and C (viii) A n B' n C'
7. Refer to question 6 above, state true or false: (give reason for your answer)
(i) A and Bare mutually exclusive
(ii) A and B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive
(iii) A = B'
(iv) A and Care mutually exclusive
(v) A and B' are mutually exclusive.
(vi) A', B', Care mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
 IK\.tRCISF. 1-t.21
I. Which ofthe following can not be val id assignment of probabilities for outcomes
of sample Space S = {ro1,w2 ,w3 ,w4 ,w5 ,w6 ,w7 }

0 n

Assignment (I) I (I) 2 (I) J (I) ~ (I) 5 (I) 6 (I) 7

(a) 0. 1 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.2 0.6

I I I I I
(b) - - - - -
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
(c) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
(d) -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 - 0.2 0.1 0.3
2 3 4 5 6 15
(e)
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
2. A coin is tossed twice, what is the probability that atleast one tail occurs?
J. A die is thrown, find the probability of following events:
(i) A prime number will appear,
(ii) A number greater than or equal to 3 will appear,
(iii) A number less than or equal to one will appear,
(iv) A number more than 6 will appear,
(v) A number less than 6 will appear.
4. A card is selected from a pack of 52 cards.
(a) How many points are there in the sample space?
(b) Calculate the probability that the card is an ace of spades.
(c) Calculate the probability that the card is (i) an ace (ii) black card.
5. A fair coin with I marked on one face and 6 on the other and a fair die are both
tossed. find the probability that the sum of numbers that tum up is (i) 3 (ii) 12
6. There are four men and six women on the city council. If one council member is
selected for a committee at random, how likely is it that it is a woman?
7. A fair coin is tossed four times, and a person win Re I for each head and lose
Rs 1.50 for each tail that turns up.
From the sample space calculate how many different amounts of money you can
have after four tosses and the probability of having each of these amounts.
8. Three coins are tossed once. Find the probability of getting
(i) 3 heads (ii) 2 heads (iii) atleast 2 heads
(iv) atmost 2 heads (v) no head (vi) 3 tails
(vii) exactly two tails (viii) no tail (ix) atmost two tails
2
9. If
11 is the probability of an event, what is the probability of the event ' not A'.
10. A letter is chosen at random from the word ' ASSASSINATION ' . Find the
probability that letter is (i) a vowel (ii) a consonant
t I . In a lottery, a person choses six different natural numbers at random from I to 20,
and if these six numbers match with the six numbers already fixed by the lottery
committee, he wins the prize. What is the probability of winning the prize in the
game? [llint order of the numbers is not important.]
12. Check whether the following probabil:ities P(A) and P(B) are consistently defined
(i) P(A) = 0 .5, P(B) = 0.7, P(A 0 B) = 0 .6
(ii) P(A) = 0 .5, P(B) = 0.4, P(A u B) = 0.8
tJ. Fill in the blanks in following table:
P(A) P(B) P(A 0 B) P(Au 8)

(i) -
I
3
-5I 15
(ii) 0.35 0.25 0.6
(iii) 0.5 0.35 0.7
3 I
U . Given P(A)=
5 and P(B)=
5 .Find P(AorB), ifA and Bare mutually exclusive
events.
I I I
15. If E and F are events such that P(E) =
4 , P(F) =
2 and P(E and F) = , find
8
(i) P(E or F), (ii) P(nol E and not F).
16. Events E and Fare such that P(not E or not F) = 0 .25, State whether E and Fare
mutually exclusive.
t 7. A and Bare events such that P(A) = 0.42, P(B) = 0 .48 and P(A and B) = 0 . 16 .
Determine (i) P(not A), (ii) P(not B) and ( iii) P(A or B)
t 8. In Class XI of a school 40% of the students study Mathematics and 30% study
Biology. 10% of the class study both Mathematics and Biology. If a student is
selected at random from the class, find the probability that he will be studying
Mathematics or Biology.
19. In an entrance test that is graded on the basis oftwo examinations, the probability
ofa randomly chosen student passing the first examination is 0.8 and the probability
of passing the second examination is 0 .7. The probability of passing atleast one of
them is 0 .95. What is the probability of pass ing both?
20. The probability that a student will pass the final examination in both English and
Hindi is 0.5 and the probability of passing neither is 0. I. If the probability of
passing the English examination is 0.75, w hat is the probability of passing the
Hindi examination?

21. In a class of 60 students, 30 opted for NCC, 32 opted for NSS and 24 opted for
both NCC and NSS. If one of these students is selected at random, find the
probability that
(i) The student opted for NCC or NSS.
(ii) The student has opted neither NCC nor NSS .
(iii) The student has opted NSS but not NCC.
 Misrel/a111!011s Exercise 011 Clwpter U
I. A box contains IO red marbles, 20 blue marbles and 30 green marbles. 5 marbles
are drawn from the box, what is the probability that
(i) all will be blue? (ii) atleast one w ill be green?
2. 4 cards are drawn from a well - shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
of obtaining 3 diamonds and one spade?

0
3. A die has two faces each with number ' I ', three faces each with number '2' and
one face with number ' 3'. If die is ro lled once, determine
( i) P(2) (ii) P( I or 3) (iii) P(not 3)
4 . In a certain lottery 10,000 tickets are sold and ten equal prizes are awarded.
What is the probability of not getting a prize if you buy (a) one ticket (b) two
tickets (c) IO tickets.
5. Out of 100 students, two sections of40 and 60 are formed. If you and your friend
are among the 100 students, what is the probability that
(a) you both enter the same section?
(b) you both enter the different sections?
6 . Three letters are dictated to three persons and an envelope is addressed to each
of them, the letters are inserted into the envelopes at random so that each envelope
contains exactly one letter. Find the probability that at least one let1er is in its
proper envelope.
7. A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.54, P(B) = 0.69 and P(A n B) = 0.35.
Find (i) P(A u B) (ii) P(A ' n B') ( iii) P(A n B') ( iv) P(B n A ' )
8. From the employees of a company, 5 persons are selected to represent them in
the managing committee of the company. Particulars of five persons are as follows
S. No. Namt Su Agt in ytars
I. Harish M 30
2. Rohan M 33
3. Sheetal F 46
4. Alis F 28
5. Salim M 41
A person is selected at random from this group to act as a spokesperson. What is
the probability that the spokesperson will be either male or over 35 years?
9. ff 4-digit numbers greater than 5,000 are randomly formed from the digits
0, I , 3, 5, and 7, what is the probability of fo rming a number divisible by 5 when,
(i) the digits are repeated? ( ii) the repetition ofdigits is not allowed?

l 0. The number lock of a suitcase has 4 wheels, each labelled with ten digits i.e.,
from Oto 9. The lock opens with a sequence of four digits with no repeats. What
is the probability of a person getting the right sequence to open the suitcase?
 If~XFRCISE 8.11
Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises I to 6 whose n th
terms are:
n
1. a,, = n (n + 2) 2. an = J . an = 2"
n+1

2n-3 n 2 +5
4. an = 5. Q = (-})n-1 5rr+I 6. a =n
6 II II
4
Find the indicated terms in each of the sequences in Exercises 7 to IO whose n' h
terms are:

n2
7. a,, = 4n - 3; a 17, a 24 -
8. a,,= 2" ·a
, 7
n(n-2)
9. a = (-1)"- 1n3'• a lo • an -
-
- -) -·n_
•~O ·
n 9
n+

Rationalised 2023-2◄

SEQUENCES AND SERIES 139

Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 11 to 13 and obtain the
corresponding series:

11. a ,= 3, a,,= 3a,, _1 + 2 for all n > I a,,_,

12. a I = - I ' a n = -n- • n -> 2
IJ. a I = a2 = 2 ' an = an-1-I ' n > 2
14. The Fibonacci sequence is defined by
I = a, = a 2 and a,,= a,,_ ,+ a,,_ 2, n > 2.
Qn+l
Find ~ , for n = I, 2, 3, 4, 5
n
1 nus, the num oers a anct D are 4 , 1b or I b, 4 respec11ve1y.

I EXERCISE 8.2 1

5 5 5
t. Find the 20th and n th terms of the GP.
2,4,8, ---
2. Find the 12th term of a GP. whose 8th term is 192 and the common ratio is 2.
3. The 51h, 8 th and 11 th terms of a GP. are p , q and s , respectively. Show
that q 2 = ps.
..t. The 4th term of a GP. is square of its second term, and the first term is - 3.
Determine its 7 th term.
S. Which term of the following sequences:
(a) 2. 2✓2,4, ... is 128 ? (b) ✓3,3.3./3. ... is729 ?
I I I . I
(c) - - - IS-- ?
3'9'27 •··· 19683 -

6. For what values of x, the numbers -~. x , - 2-are in GP.?

7 2
Find the sum to indicated number of terms in each of the geometric progressions in
Exercises 7 to I 0:
7. 0.15, 0.015, 0.0015, ... 20terms.
8. ✓ 7, ✓ 2i, 3../7 , ... n terms.
9. I, - a, a2, - a3, ... n terms (if a* - l ).
10. x3, x5, x 7, .. . n terms (if x * ± I).

II
11. Evaluate I, (2 + 3A-)
k=I

39
12 The sum of first three terms of a GP. is and their product is I. Find the
10
common ratio and the terms.
13. How many terms of GP. 3, 32, 33, .. . are needed to give the sum 120?
14. The sum of first three terms of a GP. is 16 and the sum of the next three terms is
128. Determine the first term, the common ratio and the sum ton terms of the GP.
l S. Given a GP. with a= 729 and 7th term 64, determine Sr

146
- MATHEM ATICS

16. Find a GP. for which sum of the first two terms is - 4 and the fifth term is
4 times the third term.
J 7. If the 41\ I 0th and 16th terms of a GP. are x. y and =, respectively. Prove that x,
y, =are in GP.
18. Find the sum ton terms of the sequence, 8, 88, 888, 8888 ....
18. Find the sum ton terms of the sequence, 8, 88, 888, 8888 ....
19. Find the sum of the products of the corresponding terms of the sequences 2, 4, 8,

I
16, 32 and 128, 32, 8, 2,
2
20. Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the sequences a. ar, ar,
... ar"- 1 and A, AR, AR2, • •. ARn- 1 form a GP, and find the common ratio.
21. Find four numbers forming a geometric progression in which the third term is
greater than the first term by 9, and the second term is greater than the 4 th by 18.
22. If the p-h, q th and r th terms of a GP. are a, b and c, respectively. Prove that
a1-r br- pc;l'-q = )_
23. If the first and the nth term of a GP. are a and b, respectively, and if P is the
product of n terms, prove that P2 = (ab')".
24. Show that the ratio of the sum of first n terms of a GP. to the sum of terms from

(n + l)th to (2n)'h term is _I .

rn
25. If a, b, c and dare in GP. show that
(a2 + b2 + c 2) (b2 + c2 + cP) =(ab+ be+ cd)'-.
26. Insert two numbers between 3 and 81 so that the resulting sequence is GP.

n+I + bn+I
27. Find the value of n so that a may be the geometric mean between
an +bn
a and b.
28. The sum of two numbers is 6 times their geometric mean, show that numbers

are in the ratio ( 3 + 2✓2"): ( 3-2✓2) .

29. If A and G be A.M. and GM., respectively between two positive numbers,

prove that the numbers are A± ✓( A+G)( A-G) .

30. The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If there were 30
bacteria present in the culture originally, how many bacteria will be present at the
end of 2nd hour, 4th hour and n 1h hour ?

31. What will Rs 500 amounts to in IO years after its deposit in a bank which
annual interest rate of I0% compounded annually?
32. If A.~. and GM. ~f roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5, respectively,
G 12
obtam the quadratic equation.
 Miscellatteous fa:ercise On Chapter 8
I . If/ is a function satisfyingf(x +y) =.f{x).fly) for all x, ye N such that
n

.f{ I) = 3 and L f(x) = 120 , find the value of n.

2 . The s um of some terms ofG.P. is 315 whose first term and the common ratio are
5 and 2, respectively. Find the last term and the number of terms.
J, The first term of a GP. is I. The sum of the third term and fifth term is 90.
Find the common ratio of GP.
4 . The sum of three numbers in GP. is 56. If we subtract I, 7, 21 from these
numbers in that order, we obtain an arithmetic progression. Find the numbers.
5. A GP. consists ofan even number of terms. If the sum of all the terms is 5 times
the sum of terms occupying odd places, then find its common ratio.

o9-
a+bx b+cx c+dx
6. If --b-
a- x
=-b-- =-----::i=-(x ':t: 0) , then show that a. b. c and dare in GP.
-ex c-c.u
7. Let S be the sum, P the product and R the sum ofreciprocals of n terms in a GP.
Prove that P2 R" = S•.
8. If a, b, c, dare in GP, prove that (a"+ b"}, (b" + c"}, (c" + cl') are in GP.
9. If a and b are the roots of x2 - 3x + p = 0 and c. dare roots of x2 - I 2x + q = 0,
where a, b, c, d form a GP. Prove that (q + p) : (q - p} = 17: 15.
IO. The ratio of the AM. and GM. of two positive numbers a and b, ism: n. Show

.J 2 2
.J
that a : b = ( m + m - n ) : ( m - m - n ) .
2 2

11 . Find the sum of the following series up ton terms:

(i) 5 + 55 +555 + ... (ii) .6 +. 66 +. 666+ .. .
12. Find the 20th term of the series 2 x 4 + 4 x 6 + 6 x 8 + ... + n terms.
13. A farmer buys a used tractor for Rs I2000. He pays Rs 6000 cash and agrees to
pay the balance in annual instalments of Rs 500 plus 12% interest on the unpaid
amount. How much will the tractor cost him?
I 4. Shamshad Ali buys a scooter for Rs 22000. He pays Rs 4000 cash and agrees to
pay the balance in annual instalment of Rs I000 plus I 0% interest on the unpaid
amount. How much will the scooter cost him?
15. A person writes a letter to four of his friends. He asks each one of them to copy
the letter and mail to four different persons with instruction that they move the
chain similarly. Assuming that the chain is not broken and that it costs 50 paise to
mail one letter. Find the amount s pent on the postage when 8th set of letter is
mailed.
16. A man deposited Rs I 0000 in a bank at the rate of 5% simple interest annually.
Find the amount in I 5th year since he deposited the amount and also calculate the
total amount after 20 years.
17. A manufacturer reckons that the value of a machine, which costs him Rs. 15625,
will depreciate each year by 20%. Find the estimated value at the end of5 years.
18. 150 workers were engaged to finish a job in a certain number of days. 4 workers
dropped out on second day, 4 more workers dropped out on third day and so on.
It took 8 more days to finish the work. Find the number ofdays in which the work
was completed.
Expand each of the expressions in Exercises 1 to 5.

1. ( )-2.x)S 3 . (2x - 3)6

5. (x+: r
Using binomial theorem, evaluate each ofthe following:
6. (96)3 7. (102)5 8. (101) 4
9. (99)5
I 0. Using Binomial Theorem, indicate which number is larger ( 1.1)10000 or 1000.
. .
11. Find (a+ b)4 -(a- b)4. Hence, evaluate ()3 +✓2.)4- (,j3 - ✓2)4 .
12. Find (x + I}6 + (x - I )6. Hence or otherwise evaluate ( ..Ji. + 1)6 + ( fi, - 1)6.
13. Show that 9n+i - 8n - 9 is divisible by 64, whenever n is a positive integer.
n
, ... Prove that I3' nc , =4n .
r=O

~lisce/.laneous Exercise 011 Clwpter 7

I. If a and bare distinct integers, prove that a - b is a factor of an - bn, wrnenever
n is a positive integer.
[Hint write an= (a - b + by and expand]

2. Evaluate ( .JJ + .Jif -(✓3 - ✓2}6 .

J. Find the value of ( a +

2
Fir ~r + (a
2
-

4. Find an approximation of (0.99)5 using the first three terms of its expansion.

5. Expand using Binomial Theorem (

2
2) .x * 0
I+ --:;X
4

6. Find the expansion of (3x2 - 2ax + 3a2)3 using binomial theorem.

t'uHtlHi'lll'II
 !EXER CISE 6. •I
I. How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the digits I, 2, 3, 4 and 5
assuming that
(i) repetition ofthe digits is allowed?
(ii) repetition of the digits is not allowed?
2. How many 3-digit even numbers can be formed from the digits I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if the
digits can be repeated?
J. How many 4-letter code can be formed using the first 10 letters of the English
alphabet, if no letter can be repeated?
4. How many 5-digit telephone numbers can be constructed us ing the digits O to 9 if
each number starts with 67 and no digit appears more than once?
5. A coin is tossed 3 times and the outcomes are recorded . How many possible
outcomes are there?
6. Given 5 flags of different colours, how many different signals can be generated if
each signal requires the use of 2 flags, one below the other?