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DBMS Types Notes (BSCS)

Types of database

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11 views8 pages

DBMS Types Notes (BSCS)

Types of database

Uploaded by

aftabhussainmian305
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA RAIWIND

CAMPUS LAHORE

Types of Database Management


Systems
There are several types of databases. Here is a list of seven common
types of Databases.

1. Hierarchical databases
2. Network databases
3. Relational databases
4. Object-oriented databases
5. Graph databases
6. ER model databases (Due)
7. Document databases
8. NoSQL databases

1)-Hierarchical Databases:

Data is stored in a parent-children relationship node in a hierarchical database


management system (hierarchical DBMS) Model. In a hierarchical database, besides
actual data, records also contain information about their groups of parent/child
relationships. Continue reading about Hierarchical Database in detail.

In a hierarchical database model, data is organized into a tree-like structure. The


data is stored in the form of a collection of fields where each field contains only one
value. The records are linked to each other via links into a parent-children
relationship. In a hierarchical database model, each child record has only one
parent. A parent can have multiple children.

Hierarchical databases are used to build high-performance and availability


applications, usually in the banking and telecommunications industries. IBM
developed the hierarchical database system structure in the early 1960s. At the
same time, the hierarchical structure is simple but inflexible due to the parent-child
one-to-many relationship.

Advantages of Hierarchical Database


A hierarchical database can be accessed and updated rapidly. As shown
in the figure above, its model structure is like a tree, and the
relationships between records are defined in advance. This feature is a
double-edged sword.

Disadvantages of a Hierarchical Database


This type of database structure means that each child in the tree may
have only one parent. Relationships or linkages between children are not
permitted, even if they make sense from a logical standpoint. Adding a
new field or record requires that the entire database be redefined.
Hierarchical databases are like this in their design.

2)-Network Databases

Network database management systems (Network DBMSs) use a


network structure to create a relationship between entities. Network
databases are mainly used on large digital computers. Network
databases are hierarchical, but unlike hierarchical databases, where one
node can have a single parent only, a network node can have a
relationship with multiple entities. A network database looks more like a
cobweb or interconnected network of records. Continue reading
about the Network database in detail.

In network databases, children are called members, and parents are


called occupiers. The difference between each child or member is that it
can have more than one parent.

3)-Relational Databases
In a relational database management system (RDBMS), the relationship
between data is relational and stored in tabular form of columns and
rows. Each table column represents an attribute, and each Row in a
table represents a record. Each field in a table represents a data value.

Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to query RDBMS, including


inserting, updating, deleting, and searching records. Relational
databases work on each table with a key field that uniquely indicates
each Row. These key fields can be used to connect one table of data to
another.

Advantages of Relational databases

1. Relational databases can be used with little or no training.


2. Database entries can be modified without specifying the entire body.

Properties of Relational Tables


In a relational database, we have to follow the properties given below.

 Values are Atomic.


 Each Row is alone.
 Column Values are the same thing.
 Columns are undistinguished.
 The sequence of Rows is Insignificant.
 Each Column has a common name.

4)-Object-Oriented Model Database


In this Model, we have to discuss the functionality of object-oriented
Programming. It takes more than the storage of programming language
objects. Object DBMS' increase in the semantics of C++ and Java. It
provides full-featured database programming capabilities while
containing native language compatibility. It adds database functionality
to object programming languages.

The Object-Oriented Programming approach is analogical to the


application and database development in a constant data model and
language environment. Applications require less code, use more natural
data modelling, and code bases are easier to maintain. Object
developers can write complete database applications with a decent
amount of additional effort.

Object-oriented database derivation is the integrity of object-oriented


programming language and consistent systems. The power of object-
oriented databases comes from the cyclical treatment of both consistent
data, as found in databases, and transient data, as found in executing
programs.
Object-oriented databases use small, recyclable separated from
software called objects. The objects themselves are stored in the object-
oriented database.

Disadvantages of Object-oriented databases

1. Object-oriented databases are more expensive to develop.


2. Most organizations are unwilling to abandon and convert from those
databases.

Advantages of Object-oriented databases


The benefits of object-oriented databases are compelling. The ability to
mix and match reusable objects provides incredible multimedia
capability.

5)-Graph Databases
Graph Databases are NoSQL databases and use a graph structure for
semantic queries. The data is stored as nodes, edges, and properties. In
a graph database, a Node represents an entity or instance, such as a
customer, person, or car. A node is equivalent to a record in a relational
database system. An Edge in a graph database represents a
relationship that connects nodes. Properties are additional information
added to the nodes.
6)-Document Databases
Document databases (Document DB) are also NoSQL databases that
store data as documents. Each document represents the data, its
relationship with other data elements, and its attributes of data.
Document database store data in a key-value form.

Document DB has become popular recently due to its document storage


and NoSQL properties. NoSQL data storage provides a faster
mechanism to store and search documents.
7)-NOSQL Database
NoSQL Database is used to refer a non-SQL or non-relational
database.

It provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data other


than tabular relations model used in relational databases.
NoSQL database doesn't use tables for storing data. It is
generally used to store big data and real-time web applications.

INSTRUCTOR: KANWAR.M.SHAHEEN
DEPARTMENT: BSCS

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