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Lecture 16:Substitution&Integration by Parts

for Definite Integrals

Part 1.Substitution: Definite Integrals
1．The Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals
If g is continuous on [ a, b] and f is continuous on the range of u = g ( x) , then
b g (b)
a
f ( g ( x ))g ( x ) dx = 
g (a )
f (u) du .


4
Example:Evaluate 2 x + 1 dx
0

【例 1】
dx

2
1．Evaluate .
1 (3 − 5 x)2

ln x

e
2．Evaluate dx .
1 x

1
 x

5
3．Evaluate dx .
1 2x −1

3 x
4．Evaluate 0 x +1
dx .

【例 2】

1．Find the exact value of each of these integrals.

1
 x
(a)  2 cos3 x dx
4
(b)  dx
0 0 3− x

3  x2
(c) 
2
dx (d)  2 x cos( ) dx
1 x(2 − x ) 0 4

2
【例 3】


a
1．Evaluate a 2 − x 2 dx (a  0) .
0


2．Evaluate 0
2
cos5 x sin x dx .

Part 2 Integration of Even and Odd Functions

1．Integration of Even and Odd Functions
Suppose f is continuous on [ −a, a ] .
(1)If f is even  f (− x ) = f ( x ) , then  f ( x) dx = 2 f ( x) dx .
a a

−a 0

(2)If f is odd  f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) , then 

a
f ( x) dx = 0 .
−a

3
【例 4】


2
1．Evaluate ( x6 + 1) dx .
−2

tan x

1
2．Evaluate dx .
−1 1 + x2 + x4

  (sin x cos x + sin x cos x ) dx .

2 3
3．Evaluate
−
2


6
4．Use x 2 dx = 72 to evaluate each definite integral without using the Fundamental Theorem
0

of Calculus.

(a)  x 2 dx
6
(b)  x 2 dx
0

−6 −6

(c)  −2 x 2 dx (d)  3x 2 dx
6 6

0 −6

4
【例 5】
 
1．(a) If f is continuous, prove that 0
2
f (cos x ) dx =  2 f (sin x ) dx .
0

 
(b) Use part (a) to evaluate  0
2
cos2 x dx and  0
2
sin 2 x dx .

2．(a)If f is continuous on [0,  ] , use the substitution u =  − x to show that

  
0
xf (sin x) dx =
2 0
f (sin x ) dx .

 x sin x
(b) Use part (a) to evaluate  0 1 + cos2 x
dx .

5
  xa (1 − x)b dx =  xb (1 − x)a dx .
1 1
3．If a and b are positive numbers, show that
0 0

b +h
 f ( x + h) dx = 
b
4．Show that if f is continuous on the entire real number line, then f ( x) dx .
a a +h

6
Part 3 Integration by Parts: Definite Integrals
1．Integration by Parts: Definite Integrals

 u dv = [uv]ba −  v du
b b

a a

【例 6】

 tan
1
−1
1．Calculate x dx .
0


2．Find the exact value of 
0
2
4x sin 2 x dx .

 arcsin x dx .
1
3．Evaluate
0

e
1
x
4．Evaluate dx
0

7
 Exercises
1．Evaluate:

t
(b)  (3t − 1)50 dt
1
(a)  cos(
1
) dx
0 2 0

2+ x
(c) 
1
(d) 
4
3
1 + 7 x dx dx
0 1 x

2．Evaluate:

1
ex
(b)  x a 2 − x 2 dx
a
(a) 
2
dx
1 x2 0

dx e4 dx
(c)  (d) 
1

0 (1 + x )4 e x ln x

8
3．Evaluate:
1
(a)  (b)  2 x 1 − 4 x 2 dx
1
x 2 + 1 dx
0 0

dx dx
(d) 
1
(c) 
3

2 3 0 ( x + 1)2
2
( x 2 − 1) 2

4．Evaluate:

(a)  x 2 (x 2 + 1) dx (b)  x(x 2 + 1)3 dx

2 2

−2 −2

 
(c)  2 sin x cos x dx (d)  2 sin 2 x cos x dx
− −
2 2

9
5．Evaluate:


(a)  (x3 + 4 x 2 − 3x − 6) dx (b)  2 (sin 4 x + cos 4 x ) dx
3

−3 −
2

 
6．Show that 0
2
sin n x dx =  2 cosn x dx ,where n is a positive integer.
0

7．Evaluate:
1
(a)  x  3x dx (b)  2  sin 3 d
1

0 0

xe x
(c) 
1
(d)  x 2 ln x dx
2
dx
0 (1 + x 2 ) 1

10
8．Evaluate:

(ln x )2
(a)  (b)  3 sin x ln(cos x ) dx
2
dx
1 x3 0

x3 1
(c) 
1
(d)  arctan
3
dx dx
0
4+x 2 1 x

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