ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH , BHUBANESWAR

DESIGN AND
SIMULATION MINI PROJECT
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
6TH SEMESTER, GROUP A2

SUBMITTED BY:-

RUPESH MISHRA(1901106516)

SABYASACHI SAHOO(1901106517)

SAMARPITA DAS(1901106519)

SAGEN MANDI(1901106518)

SANATANA ROUT(1901106521)

SUBMITTED TO:-

Ms.KARMILA SOREN
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are pleased to acknowledge Ms. Karmila Soren and for her invaluable guidance
during the course of this seminar. We extend our sincere thanks to Ms.Karmila Soren
who continuously helped us throughout the process and without her guidance, the
completion would have been an uphill task. They were a persevering boost which
helped us tackle with the pressure and their contribution in stimulating suggestions and
encouragement, helped us to coordinate our seminar especially in writing of this report.
Moreover, the constructive criticism guided us in best of direction to flaunt our
unsurpassable skills.
 ABSTRACT

Most of the time we get stuck in traffic and keep on wondering why are
we stuck in the traffic whereas the lane with literally no vehicle has a
green light.To tackle such an issue we came up with the idea to
develop a traffic system that functions based on the density of traffic.
The project that we present now is a simulation of the prototype of the
original idea.
.
 INDEX

Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
Project Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Software Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Project Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 5-7
Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Arduino Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-
25
Observation And Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-
27
Advantage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
PROJECT IDEA:-
Designing a prototype model for density based traffic control simulation in proteus

SOFTWARE USED:-
Proteus and Keil.

PROJECT APPROACH:-

The Arduino Uno is one of the most popular compact development boards on the
market. Smaller than the palm of your hand (2.7” x 2.1”), the board is based
around the removable Microchip ATmega328P microprocessor, which features 8-
bit resolution and its own USB bootloader for reprogramming. With 32 KB of Flash
memory, 2 KB of SRAM, and 1 KB of EEPROM, this little processor can carry out
most any task you can ask of it.
The board itself holds a 16 MHz clocking quartz crystal, a USB connector, a power
jack, and an ISCP header. The Arduino Uno features 20 I/O pins, with the option for
six of the digital outputs to function as PWM outputs and six variable pins.

IR SENSOR:

IR Transmitter

 Symbol and operation of IR transmitter is very similar to ordinary LED

 IR transmitter generates infrared. IR transmitter is made up of Gallium arsenide.
 If we pass the current to gallium arsenide it produces IR rays.
 Current applied to the sensor is directly proportional to the rays emitted
 Though IR transmitter can withstand up to 35mA, we have used 5mA due to
shortest distance. If the distance is more we have to increase the current flow to
the transmitter .

IR Receiver

 This circuit is mainly used to for counting application

 Since IR can be used only during proper alignment position
 IR receiver is having reverse characteristics of the IR transmitter
 IR Receiver will conduct as long as the rays falls on it.
 When a car passes between the IR transmitter and IR receiver, the IR light is
blocked and as the result the resistance of the photodiode increases. This change
in resistance can be converted to electrical pulses, used to control the traffic
lights.
LED:
LED stands for light emitting diode. It’s operating voltage is around 3-4V. In our
project LED is used as traffic light, so we have used red, green and yellow LED .

WORKING:
NORMAL MODE:
In this mode of operation green , yellow and red lights change after a
fixed time period like a typical traffic signal. Here ,light from IR
transmitter LED reach IR receiver without any interruption. IR sensor
senses amount of cars passing through the road .By using Arduino , we
can observe the voltage of IR sensor. When light from IR transmitter
does not interrupted by vehicles ,value of voltage is low (about
500) .When voltage value is below 800,this mode is operated .
DENSITY MODE:
When amount of cars increases ,light of IR transmitter intersect by cars
to reach the receiver .Then the voltage of IR sensor increases (about
above 550) .When voltage is below threshold value , normal mode is
on; but above threshold values then the red signal becomes
automatically green.

ARDUINO CODE:
#define R1 13
#define Y1 12
#define G1 11
#define R2 10
#define Y2 9
#define G2 8
#define R3 7
#define Y3 6
#define G3 5
#define R4 4
#define Y4 3
#define G4 2

#define p1 A0
#define p2 A1
#define p3 A2
#define p4 A3

float IR1=0;
float IR2=0;
float IR3=0;
float IR4=0;

void setup() {
pinMode(R1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G1,OUTPUT);

pinMode(R2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G2,OUTPUT);

pinMode(R3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G3,OUTPUT);

pinMode(R4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Y4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G4,OUTPUT);

pinMode(p1,INPUT);
pinMode(p2,INPUT);
pinMode(p3,INPUT);
pinMode(p4,INPUT);

void loop() {

//L L L H
IR1=analogRead(p1);
IR2=analogRead(p2);
IR3=analogRead(p3);
IR4=analogRead(p4);

if(IR1<500&&IR2<500&&IR3<500&&IR4>500)
{digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
}
//L L H L
else if(IR1<500&&IR2<500&&IR3>500&&IR4<500)
{digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
}
//L L H H
else if(IR1<500&&IR2<500&&IR3>500&&IR4>500)
{ digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//G3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y3 and y4 high

digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(5000);}
//L H L L
else if(IR1<500&&IR2>500&&IR3<500&&IR4<500)
{digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g2 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
}
//L H L H
else if(IR1<500&&IR2>500&&IR3<500&&IR4>500)
{digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g2 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y2 y4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(5000);}
//L H H L
else if(IR1<500&&IR2>500&&IR3>500&&IR4<500)
{digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g2 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y2 y3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);}
//L H H H
else if(IR1<500&&IR2>500&&IR3>500&&IR4>500)
//g2 high
{digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y2 y3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
 digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g3 high
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y3 y4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g4 high
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
 digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(5000);}
//H L L L
else if(IR1>500&&IR2<500&&IR3<500&&IR4<500)
{digitalWrite(R1,LOW);//g1 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
}
//H L L H
else if(IR1>500&&IR2<500&&IR3<500&&IR4>500)
{ digitalWrite(R1,LOW);//g1 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);//y1 y4 high
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
 digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(5000);}
//H L H L
else if(IR1>500&&IR2<500&&IR3>500&&IR4<500)
{digitalWrite(R1,LOW);//g1 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);//y1 y3 high
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//g3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);}
//H L H H
else if(IR1<500&&IR2>500&&IR3>500&&IR4>500)
//g1 high
{digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
 digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);//y1 y3 high
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g3 high
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y3 y4 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g4 high
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(5000);}
//H H L L
else if(IR1>500&&IR2>500&&IR3<500&&IR4<500)
//g1 high
{digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);//y1 y2 high
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g2 high
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);}
//H H H L
else if (IR1>500&&IR2>500&&IR3>500&&IR4<500)
//g1 high

{ digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);
 digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);//y1 y2 high
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g2 high
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);//y2 y3 high
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//g3 high

digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);

digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);

digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(5000);}

else
{//G1 high for 3000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(3000);
//G1 and Y2 high for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//Y1 and G2 high for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//G2 high for 2000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(2000);
//G2 and Y3 high for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//G3 and Y2 high for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
 digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//G3 high for 2000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(2000);
//G3 and Y4 for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G4,LOW);
delay(1000);
//G4 and Y3 HIGH for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y3,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(1000);
//G4 high for 200 delay
digitalWrite(R1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y1,LOW);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(2000);
//G4 and Y1 high for 1000 delay
digitalWrite(R1,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G1,LOW);
digitalWrite(R2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y2,LOW);
digitalWrite(G2,LOW);
digitalWrite(R3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Y3,LOW);
digitalWrite(G3,LOW);
digitalWrite(R4,LOW);
digitalWrite(Y4,LOW);
digitalWrite(G4,HIGH);
delay(1000);
}
}
OBSERVATION AND CIRCUIT:-
ADVANTAGES:

 Avoids wastage of time due to the traffic

 Fully automatic
 Low power consumption
 It provides the easy access in the traffic light
 Low cost to design the circuit, maintenance of the circuit is good
 By using this Arduino Uno we can create many more control to
the appliances
 Easy convenience to handle

CONCLUSION:-
The project may be very well used in where the traffic signals is kept
and in many other places where we need to full fill the need of the
automation. In this project we have studied the optimization of traffic
light controller in a City using IR sensors and Arduino .
By using this system configuration we tries to reduce the possibilities of
traffic jams, caused by traffic lights, to an extent and we have
successfully gets the results.