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44 views22 pagesChapter 1
maths chapter 1 bsc sem 5th jammu university
Uploaded by
laptoppc0011Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 22
2022-23
ee a) “PROBABILITY fi
ees AND STATISTICS im
B.A./B.Sc. -Ill
i H.P.U. SYLLABUS
B.A/B.Sc.-lII (Mathematics)
SEC 3.7 : PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
‘Time: 3 Hours Marks: 70
INSTRUCTIONS,
Instructions for paper set : The question pepcr will const of
‘two Sections A & B of 70 Mars. Section A will be compulsory and wil
contin 8 questions of 16 mars (cach of 2 mas) of shet answer type
having two questions fom each Unit ofthe syhbus. Setion B ofthe
question Paper shall lve four ait I and TV, Too questog@ Wit
be set fom each unit of the syllabus ard the candies ae gue
tempt on ust frm each of thee units Fach quesion a Ui 1 1, I
and V shall be of 13.5 marks each
Instructions for Candidates / Candidates are required to attempt
Five questions in all. Section A is Compulsory/and fom Section B they
required io avempt one question fom each ofthe Units I, Hf, Hand TV of
the question paper
wre
Sample space probsbiiy axis, ea nom vaables (ser and
cottwows), cumuative disibwion function, probity: mss/density
functions.
wire
Mattemaical expan) ions, ment generating fuetion,
hunter undon, dere distribtion:uniorm,
vNIEM
Binanfat’ Peon, contimous disrbion : wifom, nomal
‘expen
univ
Jim cumulive distibution funeon and its properties, joint
‘proebiliy densiy fictions, marginal and conditional. distibution,
cxpecation of futon of two random vaabls, ondtonal expectations,
independent anda variables. CONTENTS
(1. Theory of Probability
wi}
[nn Veen Pity Die
ih Meet apts Meets
“4. Bitomi Disebucon
5. PossonDistibution
Unforn Disebution
1. Normal Distibution
Exgonential Distribution
Sone Distbtions
Bivariate Expectation
Table
Ina
8»
80-12
133-16
164184
15—159
200-235
236-250
21-288
259-314
(=)
1
THEORY OF PROBABILITY
troduction
‘Accating 0 YeLin Cho
searing YeLin Cio ‘Pointy ite ine odin ang wth
‘fbb sa in te misevntethcney by mo Fen aban, 8
‘Beno revo Probl) ane Mae cree of Cac) Byes Lap
{ibe abe rrked ww mae ana Seep meat
Rasdan outenatcins fe Ceycey, Maro Lipaml, Kinthine
otogs alo pla ga ein be vanes reilly
Thana wo et epee wen oli
De: Ae asm Ont cs, ot mad
rk of de de
The euane of rowing ese umber om pet mat fe Ane
(Cards: par ecko tine ats ns 52 cad vi imo a sus
© Spas) Che - (Hees
ich a cri saree 010 an Ac, King Quen nd
Iter Kane, Spee ad Chere Vac ee il Woe ed Dee a
ced cds Acs Kings, Ques ad Jos av al ce ads. The ns, Ques
() Diana
12-Terminotgy
TReiling ems pent wel ey of bay, Tea:
anion print Is pin he epee cnn,
‘sre pheno tx och penn eed erased cpa
emery Evt + If nen opine pine, en ch fb
extn vn soe ee
=e ___ seventeen = Ee
re rmaant eas
Sar eh
Be eticaeon
rae
ee.
ae
ie
ee ia
eee.
aeeen
Sample Pit: Een of sample pace Swe Inown as sample point
Mente en
seapin ena 3454
Feel tetpermcidn ig Sptha v bd
Ger Ee: et ma wise pin ld
serena tn aeepgtoal
eae Nc n/a
Spectona i ares oar nf teres oti
eee a See
Fert if isthe disjoiat union of two of more a
tte
se it te pte enya ac ae em
in th aw a es
0) woening ote, we 6 oo za
ne existe evens ince ny ofthe Sx
puny oF Paomaansry 2
9 iin ee ota ae a
(0) roi wo de eave number fen i ney
6 tae 0 € on ef seed ih ye 8
rnunbers mth orm pea orn nd, xe
oteer re
Events ae sald tobe mut excnive or ncompatble ifthe bappesing of
ease ee eed
es sa areca ec a
iis contrat, ad searehecageeeed
geen i med ceveaam si
Pees Nee herrea seca ate
* sacatty Exctesive and Bihawsve system of Events
Tag cs fos ant
me CER ge oa saan nee
=
a on See ne a
dregs od tas pt dork esate ofc
ails naipacsiouacaerng se
=
(a llc a ee
fsahenomens
ety Lat ee
RepT eke
sabre ents eg
oc danas i ora
(rina vend sabes eecireieae
panne rosin)
See ee in ho
ae ee
Sem ae ee eee,
cere ecg ml aioe we ho
SSeS eee
‘ist peur mal the nomocrorence of Be seoad eas theft eve! mi bane
scared i ar came rnrtn mm ey
a
ane are eee,
oon
eae rauney «xm won
men ce rin. ah
ORSATCT She poo te gpg a Ei ented yf
po, Beenbisanb of
Deion of wet (Empiria) probability
repeevie niin seat apes mines en
Wa eperinet scan
meena ce=ne)= ts
Net: (1) Seti pay ot tppng os enoe by pane probit
far wi tapes ent by
oe lp
©) peswetesqueomomgave 0 p51; 091
(0, P= 1 Ei als cern eet and HPCE) = 0 ead on
apo
(©. peso pity sm ad gle probity ofr
(© “Odds intern” a “Ose Apis” an Event
ec hea es These rao P(E): Plot E) ile he on fave of
preg oft ext A The rato (nt) P() cle tne gin te
"seg te en.
in cero Fen
sal ib apint vet Exe
Fame wis a
SSsmipg NM che th tap yar weed at random wl co
6 Ley comin dp,
20 2 comes
Paes we 80 ys he, Te ftving we he
ea ny Tay
(©) Tandeyeiy (0) Ned n hry
(1) Frid and Stay
Now thet wll 53 Sys a
sia.
sre prin = 2
‘pot hat sro om apc 52 ect don, Wi
(© tomes? uy
(0 tothe? ny
or aden eae?
myo king?
Sab) P(Qem spies) = 2
ce, Pas
(om spaie sno tt)
(19 wing
( Fe@aety n= Ss
Example Find he yobs tat when tnd o7 can den rom we sd
co sD cards consis
(0 wdings Wp enety sang,
Sok Ttamumie of re = 2
Number fcr betaken=7
caiatgain aie,
GO. faietbes ice) omen Cog eta
ss
a
(Wo ates ngs, SreCTaUM PROBABILITY AND STATISTiCy
asa 46
2a
TeRWe Ox TS
“ins
(, Nenbe of hinds wih kings ards fom om ings
= 4c, He,
enacty ings) =
(i) lta Skog) = A kits) + Cig)
9 lets 46
tsa” a5 73s
Seample if» Hai ae Sarita among N Sega fad the probably i
prc bear ier) sus.
Namie of ears 8
1 bse be droued anongW beggar iN way
2" ict cabe datribue sng bears iN ways
*? boat cate dart among tes oN as
iu athasinegNbgpn aN NeNW nL ot
tue otweye= 8" —
Novae tnbiascn be prentoapiie uri “C, wy
‘erent scm be eto (N=) bein (N=
2 hates "6, (=F
rit EOI
“sumoRY OF PROeAwL Ty ,
pen do mp ois SO
a gm aoa MATA, ie
Sarees
ron oft
penetra
aie mnber faunas = — UL
ree
1039 we Mb e2t
BOG Ade axD
eal numberofeaes 98960
Conse be ourvowes xe ee.
‘eters can be amnged in iat ay,
bo votes barge i ys,
iE
pO
ee ale
BRR
Sat
sabe trom
pent ony
Aspe oh rt tp sr hand
atts oot noice pL cumantot may aiems rman
Seugas poem ele cme ae cnr a
SC hainseesenn
Zeon ner cr oe Oe
‘mcr ra TT
alee tae ag
(The only favouratie outcome of getting § heads is HHH. a
Pegeting 4 ens) =
‘Toe anount gine = +
Tay ine rr rover ing 5 Hels a HHT HTH, Ha
“Tut ch 2 ines
geting seat) ~
pated 20 X1= 1X15) °C15
(ay nn cee eting 2 es HNTT TT THEN,
“ram TH, bine 6 nab
eee
Amoat tot 20x 15-2 )=80 DEI
(op he tron ones of ting 1 head ae HTT, HTT, THT, Try,
whi ae mb.
et
Ammo €G X15 = )°€(43 = )-R3S
(9, Teel fur some of geting thea is TTT
P tgting ne eat) =
ting ment) =
pa ont 1) RE
eae. neon eet (2.3.45, 6.7.8 9,10). Deterie
the poabiy tht os of ution x? + pt.g =O arr
Sit pga chen doy mth st {1,234 5.6.7, 8,9, 10)
Rie. or, (dec 0)
Soden posts of.) 6
2.140, 0,6.2404,0.6,26,30,4)
G16B.2 (5,046 1462) (69),
F102) 2442) 10)
0,150,281, (0, 1410.2), (10,10)
tunbroffrombiecass = 142-4649: 10+10+10+ 10
> int y= 3
EXERCISE 1 (a)
1 Tec Fay
(tet alee ace
2 Abin th tel nf alo et me bah
‘el a te pn at se neg
owe
3 nese tf i es wi pti of ta
( aalet7? Waal 3? Usual een ne”
2 tn hry of 10 te und 3 es ee
Scns Fatt
(ah et dw ep es
(sxe ihn pe
1 ran emda To ee oer 8
‘herent fe py Se eon af aces
Sitpborh doar fone
bons pel aston sl de pty at pie
meron
(0 awneaete
pe
ANSWERS
Lod oh
o@t soba
w3
10
ie ot a2
13, Axioms ofProtabilty
Lat Sbe asamp pce asst wih a dom expen: IFA Shen FS
calle proabaty set fein ad P(A) the probity ef eve A the lowing
‘ions aesatisfed
1)
2 Alom ef cerainty: MS)~1
1 Aslom of avy + IF (A) 1 any Hate or ane sequence of dijon
vem in ner
(Gs) 14. Elementary Proper of Probability on
CN
‘Property 1, Foreach Abelorgng the dass Caf vets, oe marta
(8) «1-809 ioe anit tens
« ray -1-2@) (oem sine oy say at bs Homa mer estar
Perri caaeeeniceitrsacuixcs Inpmewr RAB vo
oe ———— eh HA)-nm 20
yale Cand vee merme M ”
ns)=F(AUT)=1 ery Frey vt
‘avo 2(auz) =" F(A) aati oboe
1=P0y+ 2(@) Prt We i tt Fe Wh eae C weve AG S whe ce
7 ‘plese.
= a(R)-1-7) Nor rade
exci P()=1-P(A) = yO
rope Te pb oftbe ml tor cmp) sti 05 fais 9)=0 AD wilh wee
Tn Seo. mb $US Remarc
> P(SUg) =PIS) = 0 SPA)s1.
‘ion 6) = SUG) =F5)- FO toc pre
i Asen = 5) °1 A Wena tantine oe ect sit
“abot gation () ees © RANBI=RO)-RANE) UW) _NAOB)-RA)-RANBL
YS) +) = P18) Y Proof: () Wehave KA B and A 0 B ae disoiet evens
= eer J ie (ANBNANE <9 5
i. fm Gonu@nn =e
Property 2 Far anytwo events A and B inthe cae € ofeventn how BCA. th eee
(9 PAN B)=RA)-P@) © ne eva + PR 08}+ FANE) RB)
Pro. () Since B SA, terefere Band A 1 eee
‘moa acai wees a + pow) =H) PANDY
be nen (cay ei
‘Ao BUUNE)=A @aBynann-¥
= -NBUYANB)) = P(A) and (ANB) U(ANB) =A.
(= PB)+MANB)=P(A) ‘wecan prove tat
= RANB) =PiA)-P) Po PAN B)-Fa)-FANB) = SPECTRUM PROBABILITY AND STATESTIcy
3 ___Sren ree ane srariy
rT troy
RES ke ar ey ese haem tet i 8 tn tn
pens ees Cenarion
ww i oes
Peete ete ea creer ee
eras ena rsa om EU
REAM. nitRitimeniom 0
TAUB
Yew (ENB)+ANB)HANB)=AUB
which the ir sof pray
om 1). we ve
AUS) =RA)PB)-RANB)
ifthe Am ae metal cs th
PAUBUO=PA)-PB)=RO)-PANB)-PIBNC)
-ACN A) PAN BNO.
AN Bg = PANB)=AG)=0
PAUBUO=PIAUBUC)
=MA)*PBUO)-FIANGUC]
=RA)-PE)*P)-PQBPE) FEANBUIANO)
=MA)FB)"RO-PBNO-IKANB)+RANC-MANB)N(ANC)
=RA)* FB) OPA MB)-P(BNC)-FICNA)+ MANBAC]
Proper 7.Faram evn And B povetat #(A)= (AN) + PANE),
Prot Weclesy ave
AN Bad ANB a dint sts
te(anwyncans)=¢
PO) =FiANB) UAB)
By mom() of prbiy we he
Thos rove
Froerty Geet Addie Theorem
FOr VERA Aa Ay ample pce ve
may FE Erna
#0 DE Maajna ner eaetnanaala)
Prot We shal poe he ty into on
For 9-2, hve
sanna nen -Mv-r a= PINKS »
erin?
“e U (Ua) - dew TOM
+ EZ Teaoaony
+ rr naan) —o
{Gs} fs}
“Bitoni om)
{Us} denna induction heresa ste forall nN
ae a)
+A eave
AUAUA)=A)*PA) PA)
~TP(ALM1AD)+POGTAY + (ASN ALP COAL
PIA)=PCA) P(A) =[R(ALO AY + PCAN) +P(ASTAD)
tasreaina.o nist
> EX rany
By Bose inguiy, wehae
ra 23 Pana
~ {Jame} 3B Ma
Set
Gs
¥ rar BE randa-Z rancor]
o
for
-2)
° segcrmun PROBABLITY NOSES.
(GaJefn- [Ere
PB)-KAUB)
= RANB)=peq-PAUD)
= re RAum=runE) a
Nor AUB SI
= -Paupe-!
Now p+4-PIAUBZ7+9-1
= manne ree! a
Wetow at Fortwo cre A nt Binal ce
maim - 2 at
7B)
PANH =HA).mBN, HAD>0
“
r set PAA =RB).PAR -MD)>0
raja)» ott (0fC] Where, RA) = babii aca
A) = tay ocr of 8
ae 1 = cnn poy et
EXERCISE 1 (c) hsoharopalernansininy er
Pa 70). 9)-4 Pa) -De td RAmdRa UD, oman faalerds alas wate
Oars A a 04S MAn) wt na Dhimmi io Leta es cc
1 MPA)= 1p. fadPangy. 4 ce ges :
; dentate
4 TAIRPOLA PAU mar aim
Abeer tf ee
Whee cee RARE aed ek
roa: With wal tations, we have
= MA gy yet,
1 = 2 wire MAO spocTRUM PROBABILITY AND STATIST
ADB)
» omen AB
ee ee
an = oF cA oo
usot(Dis
ma) W608) AACB ANB)
wren 3S ay
ity PB). F(AB)=PAN®)
ese pre
eso apne Toro of Prabaiyf1
Stent: Ferner AAs = Armee
RAM AA.A)=RA)F(AIAD PIA AS.
PAM Mm AND
Whee RAIA A.9 1A pet cna probly a he eet
Aien tate ves A, As Ae lady ecard
Pret Te pros ty aon
Forte mtd betwee
AMA) =P(A) PUA)
Sanne (Dist on?
Te PAA, PAY= PLA) PALA PASA, AD
PALANAN.
ens
a)
Ant at
etal dow ta (ism en=r +1
Forcier
PADA.AANA.)=F(ADA, najida, A
=A — A). Pian As
“POAYPIAIA) PALA, P(
[ofl
Thy mate ncn, ec
(er ers 0 A a oa
PADAOA)=A) MA
Seat: inept ers IA) PASIAN AL
steno,
rally EN,
Da no
ot as we nape
ony ey, et cena BT
i
nad © of il
ae
In ens of oi ae ava
‘staustically independent) cf anoter even Bi ine,
Tiraw emo erecees
Palayom
mala po
apo Thre Potty brite va
piccnto nan Reese
Sammi 1A a8 Se yn psn pi Am
as a ia as er
man
trot: Weheeyd
lige Sra rany-P are am
raga 0
gags Rapes ce
ra -PmtP A= Mo)
nap mth wt
RANE) =PURO) «Spe
(mid wpe
‘Center nyo& eB
Sa ho
0
2
Convery, if
ANB) = FA) Pe)
then BAGBY py > AB)=H) oy
PB) 4
mt FASB) ay 5 nea w
GOP)
