International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 8 Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2024 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Smart Water Pumping System with IoT Monitoring and Metering

Mbonu, Ekene S.; Kalu, Godswill; Moffat, Emediong A.; Madu, Ben K.; Sam-obisike Chibueze W.;
Mbegbu, Chukwudi A.; Maduwuba, Ifesinachi F.; Okemeziem, Godstime U.; Ugodu, Chimaobi M.
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
(Email: [email protected])

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Mbonu, Ekene

This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart water S. | Kalu, Godswill | Moffat, Emediong
pumping system with integrated IoT monitoring and metering A. | Madu, Ben K. | Sam-obisike
capability. Water management scheme has led to collapse of many Chibueze W. | Mbegbu, Chukwudi A. |
Maduwuba, Ifesinachi F. | Okemeziem,
governments owned water corporations. IoT can be used to improve
Godstime U. | Ugodu, Chimaobi M.
water management system. In this work, a smart water pumping "Smart Water Pumping System with IoT
system that pumps water automatically, computes the volume and Monitoring and
equivalent price while transmitting the same to a cloud-based Metering"
resource is developed. In the methodology, ultrasonic sensor Published in
interfaced to ATmega328 microcontroller is used as an input sensor International
that measures the water level. A DC pump interfaced to the controller Journal of Trend in
using a relay as a driver is used to pump water from the underground Scientific Research
reservoir to the overhead tank. A closed loop control algorithm for and Development IJTSRD69391
automation of the system was developed using embedded C, hybrid (ijtsrd), ISSN:
assembly, C and C++ languages. Arduino Integrated Development 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-5, October
2024, pp.498-505, URL:
Environment was used to develop the code for implementation of the
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd69391.pdf
flowchart for the control algorithm. The entire system was integrated
with an (Internet of Things) IoT gateway SIM808 which transmits Copyright © 2024 by author (s) and
selected parameters of the system to the cloud. Specifically, the International Journal of Trend in
volume of water and associated price calculated using a mathematical Scientific Research
model developed in the work are transmitted to a cloud resource, and Development
Thing Speak server. Simulation results showed that the system design Journal. This is an
worked as expected even as the proof-of-concept prototype Open Access article distributed under
demonstrated that the concept of this work can be implemented. The the terms of the Creative Commons
result of this work is recommended for individuals that would want to Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
get into commercialization of water distribution, as well as
government agencies that would want to adopt IoT management
system for Wide Area Water distribution (WAW).
KEYWORDS: ATmega328 Microcontroller, Ultrasonic Sensor, IoT
monitoring, C++, Wide area water distribution, Smart water pumping
system, Water management
I. INTRODUCTION
Water pumping systems play a vital role in various The ultrasonic sensor is a digital level gauge
sectors, including agriculture, industrial processes, controlled by a microprocessor. In the measurement,
and domestic water supply. However, some lapses in the ultrasonic pulse is emitted by the sensor
the present water pumping systems include: (transducer). The sound wave is reflected by the
 Conventional pumping systems often lack real- liquid surface and received by the same sensor. It is
time monitoring and efficient control converted into an electrical signal by a piezoelectric
mechanisms, leading to wastage of water, energy, crystal. The time between the transmission and
and resources. reception of the sound wave is used to calculate the
 Manual monitoring and metering processes result measure of the distance to the surface of the liquid.
in limited visibility and hinder the ability to Advantages: non-contact measurement, fast response
promptly detect and address issues such as time and the measured medium is almost unlimited,
leakages, equipment malfunctions, or abnormal and it can be widely used for measuring the height of
usage patterns. various liquids and solid materials.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 498
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
SIM808 module is a GSM,GPRS and GPS three-in- metering. In order to achieve the aim the research
one function module. It is based on the latest efforts shall be geared towards the following
GSM/GPS module SIM808 from SIMCOM, supports objectives:
GSM/GPRS Quad-Band network and combines GPS 1. To interface:
technology for satellite navigation. The module can  HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to ATmega328
used easily for realtime tracking applications. The microcontroller.
tracking is done by reading the GPS coordinates  DC Pump to ATmega328 microcontroller.
(longitude and latitude) and then sending them by
 SIM808 GSM/GPRS/GPS module to ATmega328
using a HTTP request to a web server. Then you can
microcontroller.
use any internet browser to load the PHP webpage
such as Google maps to show the location in realtime. 2. To transmit data from ATmega328 micrcontroller
You send location by sms message. to the ThingSpeak Server..
SIM900 is the most suitable for interfacing with 3. To design and simulate a smart water pumping
arduino UNO but it had issues connecting to network, system with IoT monitoring and metering on
so customers had troubles using it and the market Proteus design suite.
demand for it became low. The market switched to
4. To physically implement a smart water pumping
SIM808 with GPRS/GSM enabled and SMS capacity
system with IoT monitoring and metering.
which enables us to simulate project completely.
Thing Speak is an IoT platform that provides data IV. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
storage, analysis, and visualization capabilities and its In this system [3], the water quality sensors collect
communication Protocols are HTTP(S) and MQTT. It data, from industrial water and municipal water
has a Channel-based storage with built-in charting storage, which are gathered at the sub-station at
and visualization tools and its security features are which the data are processed. This processed data is
HTTPS, API keys and user authentication. sent to the main station through Ethernet networks
running on TCP/IP and from the main station that
This study is done to show the possibility of using an
data is again differentiated and given to the
ultrasonic sensor to measure water level and the use
environment department and public department using
of IoT to monitor water level information in a smart
the internet. This system has increased data accuracy,
water pumping system. The adaptation of IoT and
reliability, and efficiency, and also it gives effective
advancements in sensor technology provide an
data management and fully integrated information
opportunity to transform traditional water pumping
systems. However, the drawback is that it cannot
systems into smart and interconnected networks.
provide real-time monitoring of water parameters.
This work will look at the interfacing of different
components, simulation using necessary software and The IoT-enabled Smart Water Management System
physical implementation of this project. (ISWMS) proposed in the paper [4] offers an
innovative approach to managing water resources,
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
integrating sensors, data analytics, and real-time
The current pumping systems suffer from various
monitoring. By utilizing ultrasonic sensors, Raspberry
issues such as lack of automation and real-time
Pi, and an IoT-based control system, the platform
monitoring, inaccurate billing, resource wastage and
allows users to monitor and automate water
limited control over the system's performance. These
distribution, thus reducing wastage due to overflow
issues result in inefficiencies, higher costs, and
and leakage. The system proves beneficial for
environmental concerns.
domestic, commercial, and public applications,
There is need to develop a software solution that enabling efficient water use and conservation.
enables efficient management of water pumping However, several limitations are evident. Firstly, the
systems. A smart automatic water control system system's reliance on stable internet connectivity may
solves the problem of water conservation by pose challenges in regions with poor network
efficiently managing and controlling the distribution infrastructure. Additionally, the system is primarily
and use of water in residential, commercial, and focused on monitoring water levels, without
agricultural settings. It can also help to reduce water incorporating broader parameters such as water
waste and costs associated with overuse or leaks. quality or flow rate, which are vital for
There is need to implement an automatic water comprehensive water management. The system also
pumping system to achieve this proposed objective. lacks automated alert mechanisms that could further
III. AIM AND OBJECTIVES improve proactive maintenance. Furthermore, while
The aim of this project is to design and implement a the cost is affordable, scalability for larger water
smart water pumping system with IoT monitoring and management infrastructures or rural areas with scarce

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 499
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
internet remains a challenge. These limitations sensor has 4 Pins: Vcc, GND, Trigger and Echo. The
indicate the need for further refinement to enhance Vcc and GND are used to power up the sensor and
the system's adaptability, automation, and efficiency. are connected to power and ground rails on
From the literature review, the components chosen for microcontroller. The VCC and GND pins of the
this project are: HC-SR04 ultrasonic liquid level ultrasonic sensor is connected to the 5V and GND
sensor, ATmega328 microcontroller embedded in pins of the microcontroller respectively. The trigger
arduino UNO, SIM808 GSM/GPRS/GPS, 5V relay pin of the ultrasonic sensor is connected to digital
module and 12V DC pump. ThingSpeak is used as the output pin 5 of the microcontroller while the echo pin
cloud server. of the ultrasonic sensor is connected digital input pin
4 of the microcontroller and through these, sound
V. MATERIALS AND METHOD wave distance information is sent to the
A. Materials microcontroller. An active variable resistor (RV1) is
To carry out this project, the following materials and connected to the test pin of the Ultrasonic sensor and
tools were used: its terminals are connected to ground and 5v, this
 Hardware tools: allows for change of resistance during the simulation
a. HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor time which changes distances being measured. A
b. Arduino UNO virtual terminal is connected to the microcontroller:
c. SIM808 GSM/GPRS/GPS module the Rx pin of the microcontroller is connected to the
d. A simcard Tx pin of the virtual terminal and the Tx pin of the
e. A 12V DC pump microcontroller is connected to the Rx pin of the
f. A 5V relay module virtual terminal. When the simulation button is
g. Jumper wires pressed, the data that is received from the sensor is
h. Buckets displayed continously on the terminal window.
i. Hose Detailed procedure for programing of Ultrasonic
j. Soldering iron sensor can be found in Appendix A.
k. Soldering lead
l. Multimeter Displaying distance data
m. A 12V DC power supply The Steps for displaying distance data on virtual
n. 9v adapter terminal is given below
 Send a 10µs pulse to the trigger pin of the
 Software tools: ultrasonic sensor.
a. Proteus Design Suite  Vary RV1.
b. Arduino IDE  Wait for the pulse to return to the echo pin.
c. ThingSpeak Server  Calculate the distance between the sensor and the
d. MATLAB object using the time it took for the pulse to
e. Libraries for electronic component return.
B. Methods B. Interfacing of DC motor to ATmega328
A. Interfacing of ultrasonic sensor to ATmega 328 microcontroller
microcontroller

Figure 2: Interfacing of DC motor to

ATmega328 microcontroller
Figure 1: Interfacing of ultrasonic sensor to Figure 2 shows the interface of DC motor to the
ATmega 328 microcontroller microcontroller.
The circuit diagram given in figure 1 shows how to The components used for the interface are:
interface an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with  Arduino UNO (ATmega328 microcontroller)
(Arduino UNO) ATmega328 microcontroller. The  PC817 optocoupler

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 500
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
 IN4007 Diode not available yet. The RX and TX pin of the
 Dc motor COMPIM to the RX and TX pin of the arduino board
 Battery respectively and the virtual terminal is connected to
 1 Resistor - 100Ω the microcontroller: the Rx pin of the microcontroller
 Relay is connected to the Tx pin of the virtual terminal and
 5V power supply the Tx pin of the microcontroller is connected to the
Circuit Design Rx pin of the virtual terminal. Once the RUN button
To control a DC motor using Atmega328 is clicked, it starts processing information to be sent
microcontroller, the 5v relay module is used which to the cloud platform and it is monitored on the
has an optocoupler embedded in it – PC817 and also a virtual terminal.
diode is connected - IN4007 with resistors and a DC D. Combining the Controller's Multiple
power source for accurate performance. The IR LED Interfaces into a Single Design
in PC817 (anode) is connected to the resistor (100Ω)
which is connected to 5V power source gotten from
the terminal mode tab and the other end of the IR
LED (cathode) is connected to digital pin 9 of the
microcontroller. The emitter of the transistor in the
optocoupler is grounded and the collector is
connected to the relay. In the Relay; the inductor core
is connected to a diode (IN4007) which is to a 5V
power source. The relay consists of Normally closed
(NC), Normally Open (NO) and Closed (C) contacts.
NC and C are connected and read the same value but
when it switches, NO and C become connected. The Figure 4: Overall circuit design for a smart
Relay is connected to one end of 12V DC motor water pumping system with IoT metering and
(Pump) and the other end of the motor and relay are monitoring
connected to the 12V DC power supply which is the The overall integration of various components of the
12V battery. It is the connected to the ground. When system is shown in Figure 4 above, with each section
there is low from the IR LED, the transistor is biased having a distinct designation.
and the relay is activated then NO and C become Control Unit
connected and the DC motor starts rotating and when The ATmega328 microcontroller is the brainbox of
the IR LED is high, the relay switches to NC and C the system. All other components are interfaced to the
and the rotation stops. The switching action of the ports on the microcontroller to perform the operation.
relay depends on the state of the pin on arduino board
it is connected to (pin 9). Power Supply Unit
This is the part of the system that regulates and filters
C. Interfacing ATmega328 microcontroller with the input voltage.
GSM/GPRS/GPS Module
Sensor and signal conditioning Unit
The signal conditoner is embedded in the HC-SR04
Ultrasonic sensor. The signal conditioner is a
component that processes the electrical signals
generated by the sensor and prepares them for further
processing by a microcontroller or other digital
devices. The signal conditioner also adjusts the signal
level to match the input requirements of the
connected device and removes any noise or
interference from the signal
IoT Cloud Gateway
Figure 3: Interfacing of GSM/GPRS/GPS to The IoT gateway (GPRS) acts as a communication
ATmega328 microcontroller interface between the microcontroller and the cloud
Circuit Design or central monitoring system. It collects data from the
The COMPIM models a physical serial port and is microcontroller and sends it to the cloud for further
used to buffer received serial communication and processing and analysis using GSM network.The
present it as digital signals to the circuit, it is used to COMPIM is used here and functions as the SIM808
represent the SIM808 as the virtual library model is used in the physical implementation.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 501
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Driver Circuit design
The driver used represents a 5V Relay module The +5v and GND pins of the ultrasonic sensor are
comprising of the The PC817 optocoupler, IN4007 connected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino
diode, 100Ω and Relay which is connected to the UNO microcontroller, respectively. The trigger pin of
microcontroller and uses the level data gotten from the ultrasonic sensor to digital is connected pin 5 of
the sensor to trigger on/off the DC motor which acts the Arduino UNO microcontroller and the echo pin of
as the pump. the ultrasonic sensor to digital pin 4 of the Arduino
Display Unit UNO microcontroller. Power is given to arduino
Here, the output devices used in the system is shown. board via 12V DC adapter. A sim card is inserted to
the simslot on the SIM808 expansion shield.
The virtual terminal is used to view the system’s
operation. And the Thingspeak platform is used to The RX and TX pin of the SIM808 is connected to
monitor the level information provided. pin 11 and 10 of the arduino board respectively. The
GND of SIM808 is connected to GND of arduino
E. Software Testing board. The SIM808 is connected with a 9V adapter to
The software testing involved several processes. First a power source. The VCC pin of the relay module is
the various software to write and upload the code was connected to 5V on Arduino UNO and the GND pin
downloaded. Arduino IDE was used to write and is connected to GND pin of the arduino board on K1
compile the assembly code. The code for each side. The signal pin (IN1) of the relay is connected to
module was written, compiled to hex file and burned pin 9 of the arduino board.
to the microcontroller. In burning the code. Several
subroutines written to ensure that each module works In the Relay; the inductor core is connected to a diode
fine. Initially, a lot of syntax errors were encountered (IN4007) which is to a 5V power source. The relay
but the code was carefully debugged over and over consists of Normally closed (NC), Normally Open
until everything started as expected. The MATLAB (NO) and Closed (C) contacts. NC and C are
software was also used to plot the infromation gotten connected and read the same value but when it
from the Thingspeak server. Some of the sample switches, NO and C become connected.
codes are shown in Appendix A. The NO pin of relay is connected to one end of 12V
DC pump and the other end of the pump and C pin of
F. Physical circuitry of a smart water pumping relay are connected to the 12V DC adapter connected
system with IoT monitoring and metering to a power supply. It is the connected to the ground.
The code on the Arduino IDE is written, compiled
and sent to to the arduino board via printer cable.
Run the program to view results on the serial monitor
of IDE and observe the system physically.
Thingspeak server is used to monitor the data sent
from system.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Results of Interfacing Ultrasonic Sensor to
Arduino UNO
The diagram below shows the readings displayed on
the virtual terminal after running the simulation.
Based on results obtained, it is clear that the
Ultrasonic sensor can be used for water level sensing.

Figure 5: Physical circuitry of a smart water

pumping system with IoT metering and Figure 6: Distance readings displayed on virtual
monitoring terminal of proteus simulation software

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 502
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
B. Results of Interfacing DC Motor to Arduino terminal of proteus also updates information
UNO according to the state of the pump
The figure below shows when pin 9 of the arduino is
HIGH, there is low from the IR LED, the transistor is
biased and the relay is activated then NO and C
become connected and the DC pump starts pumping
and when pin 9 is LOW, the IR LED is high, the relay
switches to NC and C and the pumping stops.
The switching action of the relay depends on state of
the arduino pin it is connected to (pin 9).

Figure 9: Readings of smart water pumping

system implementation displayed on virtual
terminal of proteus simulation software
E. Results of Physical Implementation of a Smart
Water Pumping System with IoT Monitoring
and Metering
Physical results is shown as the water is being
pumped at a certain minimum threshold and it stops
pumping at the maximum threshold specified by the
Figure 7: Results of dc motor action shown on program used in the system.
proteus simulation software
Results is also shown on the ThingSpeak server in
C. Results of Interfacing ATmega328 form of charts which displays a smart water billing
microcontroller with GSM/GPRS/GPS Module system containing price in naira and volume of water
The figure below shows the way information from the consumed. This charts updates at the end of every
microcontroller is being uploaded to the cloud pumping cycle.
platform and the process is monitored on the virtual
terminal.

Figure 10: Information of smart water pumping

system implementation displayed on ThingSpeak
Figure 8: Results showing the uploading of server
information to the cloud platform on proteus
simulation software MATLAB Simulation Results
MATLAB Code
D. Results of Combining the Controller's Multiple Time = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]; % Time in
Interfaces into a Single Design hours
Results shows that the microcontroller gives digital
output to turn ON the water pump when the water in Cost = [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50]; %
the tank is at a preset minimum level < 7cm) and turn Cost per liter in NGN
OFF the water pump when the water goes above the Volume = [0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5]; %
chosen maximum level >= 20cm.When the water Volume in liters
reaches maximum level (pump turns OFF), data is
Figure; % Plot the cost per liter
sent to the cloud (Thingsspeak server) and
information on cost, quantity and volume of water is Plot(time, cost, ‘b’, ‘LineWidth’, 2);
shown when logged into the server. The virtual

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 503
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Xlabel(‘Time (hours)’);  It will enhance water resource management by
Ylabel(‘Cost per Liter (NGN)’); providing real-time data on water levels,
consumption patterns, and pricing which will
Title(‘Cost per Liter Over 3 Days’); contributes to efficient allocation and
Grid on; conservation of water resources, especially in
areas facing water scarcity.
Hold on;  This integration showcases the application of IoT
Plot(time, volume, ‘r’, ‘LineWidth’, 2); % Plot the and sensor technologies in a practical context. It
volume of water advances the understanding of how sensors like
ultrasonic sensors can be utilized to collect
Legend(‘Cost per Liter’, ‘Volume (Liters)’); % Add
accurate data and how IoT can enable remote
legends
monitoring and control of devices.
 The DC pump in the system emphasizes energy
efficiency and sustainability. By optimizing pump
usage based on water levels and demand, energy
consumption can be reduced. This contributes to
the knowledge base of sustainable technology
integration.
 The inclusion of the SIM808 module enables
remote monitoring and management of the system
which contributes to the understanding of how
remote communication technologies can be
utilized in various applications, ranging from
water management to industrial automation.
Figure 11: Graph of Cost per liter (NGN)  The data collected from the IoT metering and
against Time (hours) plotted on MATLAB monitoring system can be analyzed to gain
insights into consumption patterns, pump
efficiency, and other relevant metrics.
Researchers can explore data analytics techniques
to make informed decisions and predictions.
 The documentation and dissemination of this
system contribute to educational resources and
serves as a practical example for students,
researchers, and hobbyists interested in learning
about IoT, sensor integration, and automation.
VIII. RECOMMENDATIONS
The development of more versatile and customizable
interfaces should be explored moving beyond
platforms like Thing Speak. The integration of solar
power supply systems to make the water pumping
system more sustainable and resilient should be
investigated. Models that can anticipate equipment
failures or maintenance needs need to be developed
based on real-time data, reducing downtime and
maintenance costs. The application of machine
learning algorithms and advanced data analytics to
gain deeper insights from the collected data. This
Figure 12: Physical results of smart water could include anomaly detection for identifying
pumping system implementation unusual water usage patterns and predictive analytics
for forecasting water demand.
VII. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BODY OF
KNOWLEDGE IX. CONCLUSION
The integration of a smart water pumping system with This work has successfully implemented a smart
IoT metering and monitoring contributes significantly water pumping system with IoT monitoring and
to the body of knowledge in several areas: metering. The results acheieved can be used globally.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 504
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
X. REFERENCES https://www.britannica.com/technology/fuse-
[1] “5V Dual Channel Relay Module - Pinout, electronic-device. [Accessed 7 July 2023].
Features, Applications & Working,” [13] “Gps gprs gsm sim908 module,” Future
Components101, [Online]. Available: Electronics Egypt, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://components101.com/switches/5v-dual- https://store.fut-electronics.com/products/gps-
channel-relay-module-pinout-features- gprs-gsm-sim908-module. [Accessed 18 July
applications-working-datasheet. [Accessed 6 2023].
July 2023]. [14] Helen, “Water Level Sensor Definition,
[2] ATMEL, “ATMEGA328P datasheet,” All Applications, Benefits and Types,” 15 June
Datasheet, [Online]. Available: 2021. [Online]. Available: http://renkeer.com.
https://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/ [Accessed 6 June 2023].
pdf/1425630/ATMEL/ATMEGA328P.html. [15] John, “Water Level Sensors,” OurPCB, 2017.
[Accessed 17 June 2023]. [Online]. Available:
[3] N. An and A. Y, “A monitoring system for https://www.ourpcb.com/water-level-
water quality,” in International Conference on sensors.html. [Accessed 6 June 2023].
Electrical and Control Engineering, 2010. [16] “Electric Power,” HyperPhysics, [Online].
[4] A. Abebe, “Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-
Water Distribution System for Smart Water astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elepow.html.
Management,” International Journal of [Accessed 6 June 2023].
Wireless Communications and Mobile [17] B. K. Mirza, “Virtual Terminal in Proteus,”
Computing, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2024. ProjectIot123, 3 April 2019. [Online].
[5] Dejan, “Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Available:
Arduino-Complete Guide,” How To https://projectiot123.com/2019/04/03/virtual-
Mechatronics, 2015. [Online]. Available: terminal-in-proteus/. [Accessed 17 July 2023].
https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduin [18] S. Z. Nasir, “Introduction to Atmega,” The
o/ultrasonic-sensor-hc-sr04/. [Accessed 6 July Engineering Projects, 4 August 2017. [Online].
2023]. Available:
[6] “Direct Current,” Britannica, [Online]. https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2017/
Available: 08/introduction-to-atmega328.html. [Accessed
https://www.britannica.com/science/direct- 18 July 2023].
current. [Accessed 6 July 2023]. [19] S. Shah, “How to Simulate Arduino Projects
[7] “Amazon Web Services,” AWS IoT, 2021. Using Proteus,” Maker Pro, 8 May 2020.
[Online]. Available: [Online]. Available:
https://aws.amazon.com/iot/. [Accessed 17 June https://maker.pro/arduino/projects/how-to-
2023]. simulate-arduino-projects-using-proteus.
[8] “Internet Things Water Management,” World [Accessed 24 June 2023].
Water Council, 2020. [Online]. Available: [20] J. Smith, “The Internet of Things,
www.worldwatercouncil.org/en/internet-things- Transformer,” Britannica, 2020. [Online].
water-management. [Accessed 7 July 2023]. Available:
[9] “Alternating Current,” Britannica, [Online]. https://www.britannica.com/technology/transfo
Available: rmer-electronics. [Accessed 24 June 2023].
https://www.britannica.com/science/alternating [21] “HCSR04 Ultrasonic Range Finder,” SparkFun
-current. [Accessed 17 June 2023]. Electronics, [Online]. Available:
[10] “Design Analysis Interfacing Ultrasonic Sensor https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Pr
With Arduino,” Elementzonline, 6 December oximity/HCSR04.pdf. [Accessed 6 June 2023].
2017. [Online]. Available: [22] Shawn, “Atmega, The One Microcontroller
https://elementztechblog.wordpress.com/2017/1 You Should Start With,” 2019. [Online].
2/06/interfacing-ultrasonic-sensor-with- Available:
arduino/. [Accessed 7 July 2023]. https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2019/10/22/
[11] “SIM808 Datasheet,” ETC2, [Online]. atmega328p-the-one-microcontroller-you-
Available: https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/ should-start-
datasheet- with/#:~:text=ATmega328P%20is%20a%20hig
pdf/view/1131990/ETC2/SIM808.html. h%20performance,Arduino%20Fio%20and%20
[Accessed 7 July 2023]. Arduino%20Uno.
[12] “Fuse,” Britannica, [Online]. Available:

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD69391 | Volume – 8 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2024 Page 505