10/14/24, 8:18 PM Assignment-5

Assignment-5 Total points 15/15

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DIVAKAR SINGH CHAUHAN

1. What is the primary objective of normalizing a database schema? * 1/1

A) To increase the redundancy in the database

B) To ensure that each relation has a unique primary key

C) To reduce anomalies and ensure data consistency by eliminating redundant

data

D) To optimize the speed of query execution

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2. Which of the following is NOT a guideline for informal relational *1/1

schema design?

A) Minimize data redundancy

B) Ensure data consistency

C) Avoid insertion, deletion, and update anomalies

D) Ensure relations have a single primary key

3. Given a relation R(A,B,C,D) with functional dependencies A→B and *1/1

C→D, which of the following is true for the closure of the attribute set
{A,C}?

A) { A, B,C,D}

B) {A,B,C}

C) (A,C,D}

D) {A,B}

4. Armstrong’s axioms consist of all the following rules EXCEPT: * 1/1

A) Reflexivity rule

B) Augmentation rule

C) Transitivity rule

D) Closure rule

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5. Which of the following best defines a superkey? * 1/1

A) An attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies each tuple in a

relation

B) An attribute that can determine another attribute

C) A minimal subset of attributes that functionally determines all attributes of a

relation

D) A candidate key that is not chosen as the primary key

6. A relation R(A,B,C,D) is in Second Normal Form (2NF) if: * 1/1

A) It is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute is fully functionally dependent on

every candidate key

B) It is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute is transitively dependent on a primary

key

C) It is in BCNF but not in 3NF

D) It is in 3NF and free of any anomalies

7. Which of the following functional dependencies would violate Third *1/1

Normal Form (3NF)?

A) A→B

B) B→C

C) A→C

D) C→D where C is not a candidate key

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8. Which of the following conditions must hold for a relation to be in *1/1

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?

A) It must be in 2NF, and each attribute must be functionally dependent on a

superkey

B) It must be in 1NF, and each functional dependency must have a prime attribute
on the right-hand side

C) Every determinant must be a superkey

D) It must be in 2NF and have no transitive dependencies

9. Consider a relation R(A,B,C) with functional dependencies A→B and *1/1

B→C. Which of the following indicates that this relation is NOT in 3NF?

A) A→C is a transitive dependency

B) B is a determinant but not a superkey

C) A is a superkey

D) The relation is not in 2NF

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10. Given the relation R(A,B,C), functional dependency A→B, and the *1/1
candidate key A, which of the following must be true for the relation to be
in 3NF but not in BCNF?

A) There is a functional dependency where the left-hand side is a non-prime

attribute

B) Every determinant must be a superkey

C) There is a non-prime attribute functionally determining part of a candidate

key

D) All functional dependencies are based on a superkey

11. In the context of transaction processing, which of the following *1/1

properties ensures that the effects of a committed transaction are
permanent, even in the event of a system failure?

A) Atomicity

B) Consistency

C) Isolation

D) Durability

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12. What is the primary goal of concurrency control in database *1/1

systems?

A) To reduce the time taken by transactions

B) To ensure that multiple transactions can execute simultaneously without

leading to inconsistencies

C) To prioritize read operations over write operations

D) To improve query execution performance

13. Which of the following defines the isolation property of a *1/1

transaction?

A) A transaction is isolated from all other concurrent transactions.

B) A transaction can access data being modified by another concurrent

transaction.

C) A transaction can modify data without being logged.

D) A transaction’s changes are visible to other transactions before it commits.

14. Which of the following methods ensures serializability in transaction *1/1

processing by forcing a transaction to obtain all its locks before releasing
any?

A) Strict Two-Phase Locking (2PL)

B) Optimistic Concurrency Control

C) Timestamp Ordering

D) Deadlock Prevention

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15. Which of the following issues in distributed transactions can lead to *1/1
an inconsistent state across multiple systems?

A) Local transaction failure

B) Network partitioning

C) Deadlock detection

D) Timestamp ordering

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