INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT , ALIGARH

OPERATING SYSTEM QUESTION BANK UNIT 3

BCA IIND YEAR (3RD SEMESTER)

1. What is the primary purpose of device management in an operating system?

- A) To allocate CPU resources
- B) To manage hardware devices
- C) To provide user interfaces
- D) To schedule processes
Answer: B) To manage hardware devices

2. Which type of device is typically dedicated to a single task?

- A) Shared device
- B) Virtual device
- C) Dedicated device
- D) Input device
Answer: C) Dedicated device

3. What is a shared device?

- A) A device used by one user at a time
- B) A device that can be accessed by multiple users
- C) A device that simulates multiple devices
- D) A device that is no longer in use
Answer: B) A device that can be accessed by multiple users

4. Virtual devices are:

- A) Physical devices that are not in use
- B) Software representations of hardware devices
- C) Devices that require no driver
- D) Devices with no functionality
Answer: B) Software representations of hardware devices

5. Which of the following is an example of an input device?

- A) Monitor
- B) Keyboard
- C) Printer
- D) Hard drive
Answer: B) Keyboard

6. What type of device is a hard disk drive classified as?

 - A) Input device
- B) Output device
- C) Storage device
- D) Network device
Answer: C) Storage device

7. Buffering is used to:

- A) Increase CPU speed
- B) Temporarily hold data during transfer
- C) Increase memory size
- D) Improve process scheduling
Answer: B) Temporarily hold data during transfer

8. The primary purpose of a disk structure is to:

- A) Organize data for easy access
- B) Manage CPU scheduling
- C) Control input/output operations
- D) Increase system speed
Answer: A) Organize data for easy access

9. Disk scheduling algorithms are used to:

- A) Optimize CPU usage
- B) Determine the order of disk access
- C) Manage memory allocation
- D) Control network traffic
Answer: B) Determine the order of disk access

10. Which of the following is a common disk scheduling algorithm?

- A) Shortest Job First
- B) First-Come, First-Served
- C) Round Robin
- D) Priority Scheduling
Answer: B) First-Come, First-Served

11. Swap space is used for:

- A) Temporary storage of files
- B) Virtual memory management
- C) Disk backups
- D) Network traffic
Answer: B) Virtual memory management
12. What does space management in disk systems involve?
- A) Managing file permissions
- B) Allocating disk space to files
- C) Scheduling disk access
- D) Monitoring CPU usage
Answer: B) Allocating disk space to files

13. Disk reliability refers to:

- A) The speed of data transfer
- B) The consistency of data stored on disks
- C) The ability of a disk to function without failure
- D) The amount of data that can be stored
Answer: C) The ability of a disk to function without failure

14. What is a file system?

- A) A method for organizing processes
- B) A structure for storing and managing files
- C) A tool for monitoring system performance
- D) A type of hardware
Answer: B) A structure for storing and managing files

15. A simple file system typically includes:

- A) Complex access controls
- B) Basic file organization and access methods
- C) Network file management
- D) Advanced encryption techniques
Answer: B) Basic file organization and access methods

16. The general model of a file system describes:

- A) The hardware components of the system
- B) The logical structure of data management
- C) The operating system's user interface
- D) The scheduling of processes
Answer: B) The logical structure of data management

17. A symbolic file system uses:

- A) Physical addresses
- B) Symbolic links to represent file paths
 - C) Binary code for file storage
- D) Graphical interfaces
Answer: B) Symbolic links to represent file paths

18. The basic file system is responsible for:

- A) User authentication
- B) File creation, deletion, and organization
- C) Network file sharing
- D) Process scheduling
Answer: B) File creation, deletion, and organization

19. Access control verification in file systems is used to:

- A) Encrypt data
- B) Prevent unauthorized access
- C) Manage disk space
- D) Optimize performance
Answer: B) Prevent unauthorized access

20. The logical file system provides:

- A) Physical data storage
- B) File naming and organization
- C) Disk management
- D) Network access
Answer: B) File naming and organization

21. The physical file system deals with:

- A) User interface design
- B) Actual data storage and retrieval mechanisms
- C) Process synchronization
- D) Memory management
Answer: B) Actual data storage and retrieval mechanisms

22. What is a file system interface?

- A) A user interface for network operations
- B) A set of commands for file management
- C) A hardware connection to disks
- D) A graphical representation of processes
Answer: B) A set of commands for file management

23. A file concept typically includes:

 - A) File permissions
- B) File location
- C) File structure and attributes
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

24. Access methods in file systems refer to:

- A) Ways to connect to the network
- B) Techniques for reading and writing data
- C) Methods of encrypting files
- D) Hardware specifications
Answer: B) Techniques for reading and writing data

25. The directory structure of a file system is:

- A) A linear arrangement of files
- B) A hierarchical organization of files
- C) A method of file compression
- D) A technique for data encryption
Answer: B) A hierarchical organization of files

26. File protection involves:

- A) Limiting file sizes
- B) Ensuring files are backed up
- C) Controlling access to files
- D) Monitoring system performance
Answer: C) Controlling access to files

27. Consistency semantics in file systems ensure:

- A) Data remains reliable across operations
- B) Files are encrypted
- C) Fast access times
- D) Simple file structures
Answer: A) Data remains reliable across operations

### File System Implementation

28. File system structure refers to:

- A) The physical layout of files on disk
- B) The organization of processes
- C) The user interface design
 - D) The scheduling of I/O operations
Answer: A) The physical layout of files on disk

29. Allocation methods in file systems define:

- A) How files are backed up
- B) How disk space is assigned to files
- C) How processes are prioritized
- D) How network resources are allocated
Answer: B) How disk space is assigned to files

30. Free space management involves:

- A) Tracking unused disk space
- B) Managing file access permissions
- C) Encrypting file data
- D) Scheduling disk access
Answer: A) Tracking unused disk space

### Device Management Techniques

31. Which technique is used to manage device drivers?

- A) Interrupt handling
- B) Polling
- C) Buffering
- D) Spooling
Answer: A) Interrupt handling

32. What is spooling in device management?

- A) Storing print jobs in a queue for printing
- B) Compressing files for storage
- C) Managing network traffic
- D) Encrypting data files
Answer: A) Storing print jobs in a queue for printing

### Disk Structure and Management

33. The term "disk sector" refers to:

- A) The entire disk
- B) A physical division of the disk for data storage
- C) The outermost part of the disk
-D
) The speed at which a disk spins
Answer: B) A physical division of the disk for data storage

34. What is the role of a disk controller?

- A) To manage the operating system
- B) To communicate between the CPU and the disk
- C) To control network connections
- D) To schedule processes
Answer: B) To communicate between the CPU and the disk

35. Which factor affects disk performance?

- A) File size only
- B) Disk speed and seek time
- C) Number of users
- D) Network bandwidth
Answer: B) Disk speed and seek time

36. What does the term "seek time" refer to?

- A) The time taken to read data from memory
- B) The time it takes for the disk arm to move to the desired track
- C) The time required for the CPU to process a command
- D) The time taken to write data to the disk
Answer: B) The time it takes for the disk arm to move to the desired track

### File System Characteristics

37. What is the primary characteristic of a file system?

- A) Speed of data transfer
- B) Ability to store and manage files
- C) Network connectivity
- D) Number of processes
Answer: B) Ability to store and manage files

38. Which of the following is a method for file allocation?

- A) Contiguous allocation
- B) Random allocation
- C) Dynamic allocation
- D) Fixed allocation
Answer: A) Contiguous allocation
39. What is the purpose of a file allocation table (FAT)?
- A) To manage CPU scheduling
- B) To track which disk blocks are used and free
- C) To control network traffic
- D) To monitor user access
Answer: B) To track which disk blocks are used and free

### Protection and Security

40. File permissions control:

- A) The number of files in a directory
- B) Who can access or modify a file
- C) The speed of file access
- D) The size of files
Answer: B) Who can access or modify a file

41. What is the purpose of access control lists (ACLs)?

- A) To improve file access speed
- B) To specify permissions for users and groups
- C) To manage disk space
- D) To encrypt file data
Answer: B) To specify permissions for users and groups

42. Which of the following ensures data integrity in file systems?

- A) Access control
- B) Consistency checks
- C) File compression
- D) Disk fragmentation
Answer: B) Consistency checks

### Consistency and Reliability

43. Consistency semantics in file systems relate to:

- A) The speed of file operations
- B) Ensuring that changes are reliably saved
- C) The structure of directories
- D) User access levels
Answer: B) Ensuring that changes are reliably saved
44. What is a potential consequence of disk failure?
- A) Data redundancy
- B) Data loss or corruption
- C) Increased access speed
- D) Enhanced security
Answer: B) Data loss or corruption

45. What technique is used to enhance disk reliability?

- A) Disk partitioning
- B) Data mirroring
- C) File compression
- D) Disk fragmentation
Answer: B) Data mirroring

### File System Implementation Concepts

46. The free space management algorithm can be:

- A) Linked list-based
- B) Stack-based
- C) Queue-based
- D) Binary tree-based
Answer: A) Linked list-based

47. Which of the following is a characteristic of a basic file system?

- A) Complex security features
- B) Simple file naming conventions
- C) Advanced networking capabilities
- D) Dynamic resource allocation
Answer: B) Simple file naming conventions

48. The logical structure of a file system is concerned with:

- A) Physical storage on the disk
- B) The organization of data and file names
- C) The management of device drivers
- D) The encryption of files
Answer: B) The organization of data and file names

49. What type of file allocation allows for flexibility in storage?

- A) Contiguous allocation
- B) Linked allocation
 - C) Static allocation
- D) Fixed allocation
Answer: B) Linked allocation

### Advanced Concepts in File Systems

50. In a file system, the term "inode" refers to:

- A) A directory entry
- B) A data block on the disk
- C) A data structure that stores file metadata
- D) A backup file
Answer: C) A data structure that stores file metadata

51. Which method is commonly used for managing free disk space?
- A) Block allocation
- B) Bit vector
- C) Linear search
- D) Tree structure
Answer: B) Bit vector

52. Which of the following describes a directory entry?

- A) A physical file location
- B) A representation of file metadata
- C) A list of users with access
- D) A file compression method
Answer: B) A representation of file metadata

### Buffering and Caching

53. Buffering can help improve performance by:

- A) Reducing CPU load
- B) Allowing data transfers to occur asynchronously
- C) Increasing memory usage
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Allowing data transfers to occur asynchronously

54. Caching is used to:

- A) Store data temporarily for quick access
- B) Increase the size of files
- C) Encrypt sensitive data
 - D) Control network traffic
Answer: A) Store data temporarily for quick access

### Disk Scheduling and Algorithms

55. Which disk scheduling algorithm can lead to starvation?

- A) Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)
- B) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
- C) Round Robin
- D) Priority Scheduling
Answer: A) Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

56. What is the main disadvantage of the FCFS disk scheduling algorithm?
- A) Fairness
- B) High average seek time
- C) Complexity
- D) Starvation
Answer: B) High average seek time

### Secondary Storage Management

57. In disk management, defragmentation is used to:

- A) Increase disk speed
- B) Optimize disk space usage
- C) Prevent data loss
- D) Encrypt files
Answer: B) Optimize disk space usage

58. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using RAID?

- A) Increased data redundancy
- B) Enhanced performance
- C) Simplified data recovery
- D) Increased physical size of the disk
Answer: D) Increased physical size of the disk

### File Systems and Their Characteristics

59. Which of the following is a benefit of a hierarchical directory structure?

- A) Complexity
- B) Easy navigation and organization
 - C) Increased storage requirements
- D) Slower access times
Answer: B) Easy navigation and organization

60. What is the role of a directory manager in a file system?

- A) To handle disk errors
- B) To manage file access permissions
- C) To organize files and directories
- D) To schedule processes
Answer: C) To organize files and directories

### Advanced File System Concepts

61. What does the term "journaled file system" refer to?
- A) A file system that logs changes for recovery
- B) A file system optimized for large files
- C) A file system that encrypts data
- D) A read-only file system
Answer: A) A file system that logs changes for recovery

62. Which of the following is a characteristic of a network file system (NFS)?

- A) Local file access only
- B) Support for remote file access
- C) Limited user permissions
- D) No caching mechanisms
Answer: B) Support for remote file access

### Reliability and Fault Tolerance

63. File systems often implement redundancy to:

- A) Reduce storage space
- B) Enhance performance
- C) Increase data reliability
- D) Speed up access times
Answer: C) Increase data reliability

64. What is the purpose of a backup in a file system?

- A) To enhance file access speed
- B) To provide a copy of data for recovery
- C) To encrypt sensitive information
 - D) To manage user permissions
Answer:

B) To provide a copy of data for recovery

### Memory Management in File Systems

65. What does paging refer to in memory management?

- A) Dividing memory into fixed-size pages
- B) A technique for disk defragmentation
- C) Managing network connections
- D) Compressing files for storage
Answer: A) Dividing memory into fixed-size pages

66. Which technique allows for the sharing of files among multiple users?
- A) File ownership
- B) Access control lists
- C) Encryption
- D) File compression
Answer: B) Access control lists

### Virtual File Systems

67. A virtual file system (VFS) is used to:

- A) Abstract different file systems for a unified interface
- B) Encrypt file data
- C) Manage user permissions
- D) Speed up disk access
Answer: A) Abstract different file systems for a unified interface

### File System Performance

68. Which factor can significantly impact file system performance?

- A) File compression
- B) Directory structure organization
- C) User permissions
- D) File naming conventions
Answer: B) Directory structure organization

69. Which of the following can help improve file access speed?
 - A) Fragmentation
- B) Disk cleanup
- C) Data caching
- D) Excessive permissions
Answer: C) Data caching

### Conclusion

70. Which of the following is true regarding file systems?

- A) All file systems are identical
- B) Different file systems are optimized for different tasks
- C) File systems have no impact on performance
- D) File systems only manage data on SSDs
Answer: B) Different file systems are optimized for different tasks

### Additional Questions (71-100)

71. What does the term "file handle" refer to in programming?

- A) A physical pointer to a file
- B) An abstract reference to an open file
- C) A user permission setting
- D) A type of file format
Answer: B) An abstract reference to an open file

72. What is the function of a file descriptor in an operating system?

- A) To represent a file's physical location
- B) To provide a unique identifier for an open file
- C) To manage user permissions
- D) To schedule disk access
Answer: B) To provide a unique identifier for an open file

73. Which of the following is an advantage of using SSDs over traditional HDDs?
- A) Higher physical capacity
- B) Slower access times
- C) No moving parts leading to faster data access
- D) More complex file systems
Answer: C) No moving parts leading to faster data access

74. What is meant by "data deduplication"?

- A) Compressing data
 - B) Storing multiple copies of the same data
- C) Removing duplicate copies of data
- D) Encrypting data
Answer: C) Removing duplicate copies of data

75. What role does a file system play in an operating system?

- A) It manages memory allocation
- B) It schedules processes
- C) It provides an interface for file operations
- D) It controls hardware devices
Answer: C) It provides an interface for file operations

76. Which of the following file systems is designed specifically for large storage devices?
- A) FAT32
- B) NTFS
- C) ext4
- D) ZFS
Answer: D) ZFS

77. What does "file fragmentation" lead to?

- A) Increased access speed
- B) Decreased performance
- C) Improved data integrity
- D) Enhanced security
Answer: B) Decreased performance

78. In the context of file systems, what does "mounting" mean?

- A) Connecting a physical disk to the system
- B) Making a file system accessible for use
- C) Deleting files
- D) Backing up data
Answer: B) Making a file system accessible for use

79. What is the purpose of file system journaling?

- A) To increase file size
- B) To keep a log of changes for recovery
- C) To speed up file access
- D) To encrypt file data
Answer: B) To keep a log of changes for recovery
80. Which of the following is a limitation of FAT file systems?
- A) Compatibility with all operating systems
- B) Support for large file sizes
- C) Limited file size and volume size
- D) High performance
Answer: C) Limited file size and volume size

81. What does the term "soft link" refer to in a file system?
- A) A permanent file reference
- B) A symbolic link to another file
- C) An encrypted file reference
- D) A backup file
Answer: B) A symbolic link to another file

82. Which of the following file systems supports case sensitivity in file names?
- A) FAT32
- B) NTFS
- C) ext3
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C

83. What is the purpose of using a hash function in file systems?

- A) To compress files
- B) To encrypt data
- C) To ensure data integrity
- D) To increase file size
Answer: C) To ensure data integrity

84. What is an advantage of using LVM (Logical Volume Management)?

- A) Static disk partitioning
- B) Dynamic allocation of storage
- C) Simple file management
- D) Increased system complexity
Answer: B) Dynamic allocation of storage

85. What does "data mirroring" achieve in file storage?

- A) Increases data size
- B) Provides redundancy and fault tolerance
- C) Speeds up file access
- D) Compresses data
 Answer: B) Provides redundancy and fault tolerance

86. In a file system, what is a "root directory"?

- A) The last directory in the hierarchy
- B) The main directory from which all others branch
- C) A directory containing backup files
- D) A temporary storage location
Answer: B) The main directory from which all others branch

87. Which protocol is commonly used for file sharing over networks?
- A) FTP
- B) HTTP
- C) SMTP
- D) IMAP
Answer: A) FTP

88. What is the main purpose of file encryption?

- A) To compress file size
- B) To prevent unauthorized access
- C) To speed up file transfers
- D) To manage disk space
Answer: B) To prevent unauthorized access

89. Which of the following is a feature of NTFS?

- A) Maximum file size of 4 GB
- B) Support for file permissions and encryption
- C) No journaling capabilities
- D) Simple file management
Answer: B) Support for file permissions and encryption

90. What does the term "hot swapping" refer to?

- A) Replacing hardware while the system is powered off
- B) Changing configurations during system boot
- C) Replacing hardware while the system is powered on
- D) Switching between software applications
Answer: C) Replacing hardware while the system is powered on

91. In the context of disk management, what does "RAID" stand for?
- A) Redundant Array of Independent Disks
- B) Random Access Internal Data
 - C) Read-After-Write Data
- D) Readable Array of Indexed Data
Answer: A) Redundant Array of Independent Disks

92. Which file system is known for its ability to handle large files and volumes efficiently?
- A) FAT32
- B) NTFS
- C) ext2
- D) HFS+
Answer: B) NTFS

93. Which of the following is true about cloud storage?

- A) It is physically located on user devices
- B) It is accessible via the internet
- C) It requires no security measures
- D) It only supports small file sizes
Answer: B) It is accessible via the internet

94. What is a primary benefit of using SSDs in a file system?

- A) Increased physical size
- B) Faster read and write speeds
- C) Lower power consumption
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C

95. In a file system, "data recovery" refers to:

- A) Improving file access speed
- B) Restoring lost or corrupted files
- C) Creating

backups
- D) Compressing files for storage
Answer: B) Restoring lost or corrupted files

96. Which of the following best describes a file system's structure?

- A) A linear list of files
- B) A hierarchical organization of files and directories
- C) A flat array of data blocks
- D) A fixed size data allocation
Answer: B) A hierarchical organization of files and directories
97. What does "file versioning" enable?
- A) The ability to restore previous versions of a file
- B) The ability to compress files
- C) The ability to encrypt data
- D) The ability to create duplicate files
Answer: A) The ability to restore previous versions of a file

98. What is the main purpose of a file compression algorithm?

- A) To speed up file transfers
- B) To reduce the size of files for storage
- C) To encrypt files
- D) To organize file metadata
Answer: B) To reduce the size of files for storage

99. Which of the following is a characteristic of a distributed file system?

- A) Centralized storage
- B) File storage across multiple servers
- C) Limited user access
- D) No data redundancy
Answer: B) File storage across multiple servers

100. What is the primary function of file indexing?

- A) To speed up file access
- B) To manage file security
- C) To compress file data
- D) To create backup copies
Answer: A) To speed up file access

This set of questions covers a broad spectrum of topics related to file systems, providing a
comprehensive overview for anyone studying or interested in the subject.