Mensuration

3D

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

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Mensuration – 3D
This topic contains volume and surface area of the 3-D(dimension)figures.
Example: Cube, Cuboid, Cylinder, Cone, Sphere, Frustum, Pyramid, Prism and
Tetrahedron
Volume:The amount of space occupied by the object.
Surface area: The surface area of a solid object is measured of the total area that the
surface of the object occupies.

Cube
• All sides are equal.
• Cube has all six faces in a square shape.
• Each of the faces meets the other four faces.
• The edges opposite to each other are parallel.
• Side = a

Points to Remember
For a cube,
Volume = a3
Surface area = 6a2
Diagonal = √3a

Q. If the volume of a cube is 4913 cm3, then find the total surface area.

A. Volume = a3
a3 = 4913
a = 17 cm
Total surface area = 6a2
Total surface area = 6 × 172 = 1734 cm2

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Cuboid
• Three-dimensional shape with length,
breadth, and height
• Each of the faces meets the other four
faces.
• The edges opposite to each other are
parallel.
• Height = h, Length = l and Breadth = b

Points to Remember
For a cuboid,
Volume = l × b × h
Volume = Area of base × height
Surface area = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Diagonal = l2 + b 2 + h 2

Area of four walls = Perimeter of base × height = 2(l + b)× h

Volume of metal = External volume – internal volume

Q. If the sum of three sides is 45 cm and the length of diagonal is 21 cm in a

cuboid, find the total surface area of this cuboid.
A. l + b + h = 45 ---- (1)
Diagonal = l2 + b2 + h2

l2 + b2 + h2 = 21

l2 + b2 + h2 = 441 ---- (2)

From (1),
(l + b + h)2 = 452
l2 + b2 + h2 + 2(lb + bh + hl) = 2025
441 + 2(lb + bh + hl) = 2025
2(lb + bh + hl) = 2025 – 441 = 1584 cm2
Surface area of this cuboid is 1584 cm2

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Cylinder
• A cylinder has one curved side.
• A cylinder has two vertical flat ends in the circular shape.

Points to Remember
For a cylinder,
Volume = πr2h
Surface area = 2πrh
Total surface area = 2πr(h + r)

Q. Find the total surface area and volume of a cylinder which has a height of 21m
and a base of diagonal is 12m.

A. Diagonal = 2 × radius
Radius = 12/2 = 6 m
Total surface area = 2πrh
22
Total surface area = 2 × × 6 × 21 = 792 m 2
7
Volume = πr2h
22 2
Volume = ×6 ×21=2376 m3
7

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Cone
• Height = h, Slant height = l and Radius = r

• It has only one vertex point.

• It’s base is a circular.

Points to Remember
For a cone,
• Volume = (1/3)πr2h
• l = h2 + r 2
• Surface area = πrl
• Total surface area = πr(l + r)

Q. Find the total surface area and volume of a cone which has a height of 20m
and a base of diagonal is 30m.

A. Radius = diagonal/2
Radius = 30/2 = 15m
l= h2 + r 2
l = 202 + 152
l = 25m
The total surface area = πr(l + r)
The total surface area = 600π m2
Volume = (1/3)πr2h
Volume = (1/3) × π ×152 × 20
Volume = 1500π m3

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Sphere

Points to Remember
4 3
Volume = πR
3
Surface area =4πR3

Volume of metal =
4
3
(
π R3 -r 3 )
4
π (R-a )
3
Volume of hollow sphere =
3

Here, R = external radius, r = internal radius, a = thinness of wall

Q. Surface area of a sphere is 616 m3. Find the volume of the sphere.

A. Surface area of a sphere = 4πr2

616 = 4πr2
616 7
r2 =  = 49
4 22
r=7m
4
The volume of the sphere = πR 3
3
4 22 3
The volume of the sphere =   7 = 1437.33 m 3
3 7

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Hemisphere

Points to Remember
2 3
Volume = πr
3
Surface area = 2πr2
Total surface area = 3πr2

Q. If the total surface area of a hemisphere is 462 cm2, thenfind the volume of the
hemisphere.
A. Total surface area of a hemisphere = 3πr2
3πr2 = 462
r2 = 49
r = 7 cm
2 23
Volume of the hemisphere = πr
3
2 22 23
Volume of the hemisphere = × ×7
3 7
308
2156
Volume of the hemisphere = cm 3
3

When a right angled triangle is rotated

about its hypotenuse

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Points to Remember
Base × Perpendicular
r=
Hypotenuse
Volume of figure produced when a right angled triangle is
rotated about its hypotenuse
1 2
= πr  hypotenuse
3

Q. When a rightangled triangle is rotated about its hypotenuse, if the length of

base and perpendicular are 3 m and 4 m in a right angle triangle. Find the
volume of produced figure.

A. Hypotenuse = (base ) + (perpendicular )

2 2

Hypotenuse = 9+16

Hypotenuse = 5 m
Base×Perpendicular
r=
Hypotenuse
3×4 12
r= = m
5 5
1 2
Volume of the figure = πr ×hypotenuse
3
1
Volume of the figure = πr 2 ×hypotenuse
3
48π 3
Volume of the figure = m
5

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When radius and height of Cone,

Sphere and Cylinder are same

h = 2r

Volume of cone : Volume of sphere : Volume of cylinder

= 1 : 2 : 3

1 2 4 3
πr h: πr : πr 2
3 3
1 2 4
πr ( 2r ): πr 3 : πr 2 ( 2r )
3 3
2 3 4 3
r : r :2r 3
3 3
1:2:3

Surface area of cone : Surface area of sphere : Surface area of cylinder

= 5 : 4 : 4

πrl : 4πr2 : 2πrh

l : 4r: 2h

h 2 + r 2 : 4r : 4r
r 5 : 4r : 4r

5: 4 : 4

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Frustum

Points to Remember

Volume of frustum =
1
3
(
πh R2 +r 2 +Rr )
h2 + (R-r )
2
Slant height =

Q. The sum upper and lower radius of a frustum is 13 cm while their difference is
3 cm. If the volume of frustum is 946 cm3, then find the height of frustum (in
cm).

A. R + r = 13 cm
R – r = 3 cm
R = 8 cm and r = 5 cm

Volume of frustum =
1
3
(
πh R2 +r 2 +Rr )
946 =
1 22
×
3 7
(
×h 8 2 +5 2 +8×5 )
1 22
946 = × ×h ( 64+25+40 )
3 7
129×22
946 =h×
21

h = 7 cm
The height of the frustum is 7 cm.

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Pyramid

Points to Remember
1
Volume = ( Area of base ) ×height
3
1
Lateral surface area = × (Perimeter of base)×(slant height)
2
1
Total surface area = ×(Perimeter of base)×(slant height)+Area of base
2
2
x
Slant height =   + h2
2
Here, x = side of square

Q. A pyramid has a square base, whose side is 8 cm. If the height of pyramid is 16
cm, then what is the total surface area (in cm2) of the pyramid?

A. Side of a square = 8 cm
Height = 16 cm

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2
x
Slant height =   + h2
2
Slant height = 4 2 + 16 2 = 272
Slant height = 4√17 cm
Total surface area = ½ × (Perimeter of base) × (slant height) + Area of base

Total surface area =

1
2
( )
× ( 4×8 ) × 4 17 +8×8

Total surface area =64 17+64

Total surface area =64 ( )

17+1 cm 2

Prism

Points to Remember
Volume = Area of base×height
Lateral surface area = Perimeter of base × slant height
Total surface area = Perimeter of base × slant height + 2 × Area of base

Q. The base of a solid right prism is a triangle whose sides are 9 cm, 12 cm and
15 cm. The slant height of the prism is 5 cm, Find the total surface area of the
prism.

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A. Perimeter of base = 9 + 12 + 15 = 36 cm
Area of base = ½ × 12 × 9 = 54 cm2
Total surface area = Perimeter of base × slant height + 2 × Area of base
Total surface area = (36 × 5) + 2 × 54
Total surface area =288 cm2

Tetrahedron
A pyramid with regular triangular base is tetrahedron.

Points to Remember
2
Volume = × ( side ) 3
12
3 3
( side )
2
Lateral surface area =
4
Total surface area = 3 ( side )
2

2
Height = ×side
3

Q. If the volume of a tetrahedron is 18√2 cm3, then find the lateral surface area of
the tetrahedron.

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2
× ( side )
3
A. Volume of a tetrahedron =
12
2
× ( side )
3
18 2 =
12
3
(Side) = 216
Side = 6 cm
3 3
( side )
2
The lateral surface area of the tetrahedron =
4
3 3
The lateral surface area of the tetrahedron = × 62
4
The lateral surface area of the tetrahedron = 27 3cm2

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