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RWS-3 1

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4 views2 pages

RWS-3 1

Uploaded by

rssnmd06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: ____________________________ SECTION:_____________ SUBJECT: READING AND WRITING

TOPIC 1.2: PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

DEFINITION
Using definition to develop an idea helps to clarify and explain concepts by answering the question "What
does it mean?" This pattern explains the information using illustrations, examples, and descriptions. It may
also include one or more different patterns.
Take note of the term to be defined and the detailed explanation of the term, as these are the most
important parts of this pattern. You can also use a spider map to better understand a definition text. The
following signal words will also help you in identifying this pattern.

is defined as to define means refers to to illustrate as defined

EXEMPLIFICATION
An exemplification pattern presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete
examples to expound on the main idea. Simply put, this pattern is used to provide an example of something.
Pay attention to the main idea and the specific examples, as these are the most important parts of this pattern.
You can use a spider map to better understand an exemplification text.

after all as an example consider the following for example


for instance in other words in particular in short
namely put another specifically stated differently
that is to be specific to clarify to illustrate

DESCRIPTION (SENSORY AND SPATIAL)


A descriptive pattern basically provides details on the idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern.
Through a sensory pattern, ideas are arranged based on one or all the five senses. A spatial pattern, on the
other hand, arranges ideas by location or physical space.
The most important elements of this pattern are the types of description used (i.e. evocative or
informational; spatial or sensory), the clustering of details, and the progression of description. A concept map
can be used to understand descriptive texts. The following signal words will also help you in identifying such
pattern.

above away from beneath alongside throughout below


between near above amidst to the right on top of
in front of down across onto under in
around behind adjacent to opposite to by beside
inside here against outside back of
beyond on along over into

CHRONOLOGY/PROCEDURE
A chronological pattern organizes ideas or events according to time. It can either be in
the form of a narration or a process. A narration sequences events in the order in which they occurred in time,
while a process organizes details based on stages or steps. The most essential parts of this pattern are the main
idea, major dates and events such as the final outcome, major steps/stages, and, of course, the order of
presentation. To better comprehend a text that follows a chronological or procedural pattern, a chain of events
or a cycle can be used.

about eventually then at after


in the meantime soon yesterday presently during
before afterwards as soon as at this/that later
tomorrow when next week point second
prior to finally till immediately until
meanwhile next first today

LISTING
A listing pattern organizes ideas using enumeration. Unlike a chronological pattern, listing does not
require the items to be sequenced chronologically because it does not the time element.
It basically presents a series of items (facts, examples, features, reasons, and tips) that support a main
idea. Make sure to pay attention to these essential aspects when writing down your notes.

and furthermore in the same way along with together with


then as well equally and next
further in addition important likewise also
another besides additionally moreover

CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION


A classification pattern organizes ideas into categories or divisions based on criteria and standards. This
pattern can be used when classifying people, objects, events, things, places, and other items. Make sure to
always double-check whether each term is undeniably part of a certain category. Avoid oversimplifying just so
you may be able to assign something to a category, as it may result in stereotyping.
Take note of the superordinate (name of the larger group) ideas, the subordinate (subcategories of a
larger group) ideas, and the relationship between them, since these are the most important parts of this pattern.
You can also use a network tree to better understand this pattern.

one kind another the first final type the next part
classified as the last group category another kind

CAUSE AND EFFECT


A cause-and-effect pattern organizes details based on the cause, the reason, and the result or
consequences of a certain phenomenon. This pattern may discuss both the causes and effects, the causes only,
or the effects only. To better comprehend a text that follows a cause-and-effect pattern, a fishbone map can be
used.
When reading this type of pattern, focus on and take note of the following elements: the purpose of the
text, the relationship between causes and effects, and the potential causal fallacies or illogical arguments. The
following signal words will help you in recognizing these patterns.

Signal Words for Causes


in view of (the fact) for the reason that because (of the fact) owing to (the fact)
for in that being that seeing that
inasmuch as one reason due to (the fact that) since
Signal Words for Effects
accordingly because (of this) consequently so much that
as a consequence so that therefore thus
as a result (of this) in consequence for this reason hence

PROBLEM-SOLUTION
A problem-solution pattern organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions.
The problem section usually includes the what, who, when, where, why, and how of the problem. The other
part then presents the major effects of the problem and the possible solutions to address it, as well as the steps
in implementing the solution. To better comprehend a text that follows a problem-solution pattern, a problem-
solution map can be used. The following signal words will also help you in identifying this pattern.
one solution is nonetheless one way is first, second one reason for
the problem but the solution the

PERSUASION
This pattern organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument.
This pattern presents the issue, the position, and the supporting evidence that supports the position.
Signal Words for Emphasizing a Point
in that case indeed again in fact with this in mind
to emphasize to repeat for this reason truly
Signal Words for Concluding and Summarizing
in a nutshell due to finally to sum up in all
consequently therefore since in essence as a result
in conclusion thus in short in summary as I have said
Signal Words for Conceding a Point
obviously needless to say admittedly granted
it is true that to be sure assuredly undoubtedly
of course no doubt certainly unquestionably

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