SOLUTION - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

1. Since the equation is not a polynomial in all 6. The given differential equation can be written
the differential coefficients so the degree is not defined. dx 1 1
as + 2 x = 3 which is a linear equation with I.F. =
dy y y

e Ú( ) = e-1 / y . Multiplying with the integrating factor

1 / y 2 dy
2. y23/2 = y11/2 + 4. Squaring both sides, we have
y23 = y1 + 16 + 8y11/2 d 1
fi (y23 2
- y1 - 16) = 64y1 fi y26 - 32y23 - 2y23 y1 + y12 - 32y1 + dx
( y
)
x e-1 / y = 3 e-1 / y

256 = 0. Hence the degree of the given equation is 6. 1 -1 / y

fi x e–1/y = Ú y3 e dy + C

= Ú -u eu du + C (u = - 1 y )
3. The given equation can be written as
2 3 = –u eu + Úe
u
du + C
2
4 Ê d yˆ
Ê Ê dyˆ2ˆ
x Á 2 ˜ = Á1 + Á ˜ ˜
Ë dx ¯ Ë Ë dx¯ ¯ = e–1/y (1 + 1 y ) + C
which is clearly of order 2 and degree 2. 1
Thus, x = 1+ + C e1/ y
y
When x = 1, y = 1
dx
4. = 2x – y2 (This is a linear equation in x). 1 = 1 + 1 + C e = fi C = -1 e .
dy
1 e1 y
The integrating factor is e Ú
- 2 dy
= e–2y. \ x = 1+ - .
y e
d
So (xe–2y) = – y2 e–2y
dy 7. The given equation is a linear equation with I.F. =
1
Integrating, we have - x2
e–Ú xdx = e 2 . so

( )
2 - 2y 1
-y e d - x2
1- x 2
xe–2y = – Ú ye–2y dy + Const y e 2 = 4x e 2
-2 dx
1 1 1
y 2 –2y ye – 2 y 1 –2y
- x2 - x2 - x2
fiy e 2 = 4Úx e 2 dx + C = –4 e 2 +C
=
2
e +
2
–
2 Ú e dy + Const
1
- x2
y 2 –2y y –2y e- 2 y so y = – 4 + Ce 2
= e + e + + C1
2 2 4 8. I.F. = eÚtan t dt = elog sec t = sec t. Multiplying with
d
2 I. F. we have (x sec t) = sec2 t
\ x = C1 e2y + y + y + 1 dt
2 2 4 fi x sec t = tan t + C
Since x(0) = 1 so C = 1. Thus x sec t π tan–1 t + 1
fi x = sin t + cos t
5. The given differential equation in a linear dy
9. = e7x + 8y = e7x e8y fi e–8y dy = e7x dx
equation with I.F. = e- Ú(0.5) dt = e –t/2. Multiplying with I.F. dx
we have e-8 y e7 x 1 1
d -t / 2 so = + C. Since y(0) = 0 so – = + C
dt
e ( )
p = – 450 e
–t/2
fi e–t/2 p(t) = 900 e–t/2 + C -8 7 8 7
1 1 15 e-8 y e7 x 15
When t = 0, p = 850, fiC=– - =- . Thus = -
850 = 900 + C fi C = – 50 8 7 56 -8 7 56
fi –7e–8y 7x
= 8e – 15 fi 7e – 8y 7x
+ 8e = 15.
Thus p(t) = 900 – 50 e t/2
When p(t) = 0, we get 900 – 50e t/2 = 0
fi e t/2 = 18 fi t 2 = log 18 i.e. t = 2 log 18
 Since y(0) = 0, so C = 0. Hence
4
Ê dy ˆ Ê dy ˆ x 2 y2
10. Ë y + x dx ¯ Ë dx + x¯ = 1 2
+
2
– (x + y) = 0
fi the degree is 5. x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0
dy du which is a circle with centre (1, 2).
11. Put u = y + 2x fi = – 2, so the given equa-
dx dx du
tion reduces to 14. Put x + y = u fi 1 + y¢ = . The equation reduces
dx
du 1 - 2u du 1 - 2u + 2 + 2u
–2= fi = du du
dx 1 + u dx 1+ u to – 1 = u2 fi =x
dx 1 + u2
1+ u fi tan –1 (x + y) = x + C
fi du = dx
3 But y(0) = 0 so C = 0
Ê u2 ˆ fi x + y = tan x.
fi ÁË u + ˜¯ = 3x + C
2 dy 1 1
2 15. = 2 ae-1 x = 2 (y – b), so b = 0 and a = 1
(y + 2x) dx x x
i. e. (y + 2x + ) = 3x + C
2
1 16. The given equation can be written as
y+ (y + 2x)2 = x + C
2 x dx + y dy
x2 = – (x dy – y dx)
12. Dividing by x, we get x 2 + y2
Ê y yˆ y
Ë 1 - x cos x ¯ dx + cos x dy = 0 fi
1 d ( x 2 + y2 )
=–
( x dy - y dx )
= – d Ê yˆ
2 x +y 2 2 x2 Ë x¯
dy dV
Put y = Vx fi =V+x
dx dx y
Integrating we have, x 2 + y2 = – +C
Ê dV ˆ x
cos V Ë V + x = (V cos V – 1)
dx ¯ 17. The given equation can be written as
dv x dy + y dx + y dy – x dx = 0
fi x cos V =–1
dx fi d(xy + y2/2 – x2/2) = 0
fi cos V dV +
dx
=0 fi 2xy + y2 – x2 = const.
x
fi sin V + log |x| = C dy dy dx
y 18. y+x = 0 fi dy = – y . Replace by – ,
i. e. sin + log |x| = C. Since y(1) = 0 so C = 0 dx dx x dx dy
x dx y
y we have = fi y2 – x2 = Const.
Thus sin + log |x| = 0 dy x
x
19. Equation of tangent at ( x, y) to curve y = f(x) is Y –
13. Let the curve be y = f(x) so f(0) = 0. y = f ¢(x) (X – x). Putting X = 0, the initial ordinate
Equation of normal at any point (x, y) is of the tangent is y – x f ¢(x). The subnormal at this
1 dy
Y–y=– (X – x) point is given by y , so we have
f ¢( x ) dx
This passes through (1, 2) if dy dy dy y
1 y =y–x fi =
2–y=– (1 – x) dx dx dx x+y
f ¢( x ) dx x
fi – = 1 which is a linear equation.
dx dy y
2–y=– (1 – x)
dy 20. Multiplying the given equation by 1/ x2, we get
y dx x dy log x
fi (2 – y)dy = – dx (1 – x) – 2 + 2 dx = 0
x2 x x
y2 x2
2y –
2
=–x+
2
+C – y d Ê 1 ˆ – Ê 1 ˆ dy – log x d Ê 1 ˆ = 0
Ë x¯ Ë x¯ Ë x¯
y log x ˆ dx
fi dÊ ˆ + dÊ - =0
Ë x¯ Ë x ¯ x2
 26. According to the given condition
y log x 1 x y3
fi + + + C = 0.
x x x Ú0 f (t ) dt =
x
The curve passes through (1, – 1), so C = 0 Differentiating, we get
Thus the required curve is y + log x + 1 = 0.
3 y 2 dy y 3
y= -
21. y1 = 5 b e5x – 7c e–7x (i) x dx x 2
5x e–7x
y2 = 25 b e + 49 c (ii) x2 y + y3 3 y 2 dy
=
and y3 = 125 b e5x – 343 c e–7x (iii) x2 x dx
Multiplying (i) by 7 and the result to (ii) gives
x2 y + y3 dy
y2 + 7y1 = 60 b e5x (iv) fi =
Multiplying (i) by 5 and substracting the result from 3 y2 x dx
(ii), we get
Putting y = Vx
y2 – 5y1 = 84 C e–7x (v)
5x –7x V +V3
use (iv) and (v) to replace to e and C e in (iii) = V + x dV
3V 2 dx
y + 7 y1 ˆ y – 5 y1 ˆ
y3 = 125 Ê 2 – 343 Ê 2
Ë 60 ¯ Ë 84 ¯ 1+V2
fi - V = x dV
fi y3 + 2y2 – 35y1 = 0. 3V dx
2
22. Putting x + y = u, the given equation becomes fi 1 - 2V = x dV
3V dx
du
= dx 3V dx
1 + sin u + cos u fi dV =
1 - 2V 2 x
du
fi Ú 1 + sin u + cos u =x+C Integrating, we have
-3
Substituting tan (u/2) = t, to calculate the integral fi log (1 – 2V2) = log x + Const
on the L.H.S, we obtain its value as log | 1 + t | 4
so that the required solution is fi x4 (1 – 2V2)3 = Const

x+y fi (2y2 – x2)3 = Cx2.

log 1 + tan = x + C.
2
dy dy
dy du 27. 2x + 2y = 2a fi a = x + y
23. Put y/x = u, so that =x +u, dx dx
dx dx Eliminating a, we have
From the given equation, we have dy
x2 + y2 = 2 ÊÁ x + y ˆ˜ x
du dx Ë dx ¯
x + u = eu + u fi e–u du =
dx x
–u
fi – e = log x + Const dy dx
Replacing by -
fi log | Cx | = – e–y/x dx dy
Ê dx ˆ
dy 2 x2 + y2 = 2 Á x 2 - xy ˜
24. = – 2xdx fi log y = – x + C Ë dy ¯
y
2 y 2 - x2 dx
fi y = Ce – x fi =
- 2 xy dy
For x = 0, y = 1 so C = 1
Thus
2
y = e – x which is bell shaped. dy 2 xy
fi = 2 . Putting y = Vx, we have
dx x - y2
y ¢¢ y¢
25. yy ¢¢ = y ¢2 fi = Integrating, we get dV = 2 V
y¢ y V +x
dx 1-V2
log y ¢ = log y + const fi y¢ = Cy
1-V2
fi
dy
= C dx fi log y = Cx + C¢ d V = dx
y V 1+V( 2
) x

y = C2 eC1x .
 È1 2V ˘ dx
Í - 2˙
dV = dy 1 tan x
ÎV 1 + V ˚ x 30. + y sec x =
dx 2 2y
V
fi = const d 2
x (1 + V 2 ) fi ( y ) + (sec x)y2 = tan x (1)
dx
fi y = C (x2 + y2).
I.F. = eÚsec x dx = eln(sec x + tan x)

d Ê dy ˆ = x + e3x. Integrating, we have = sec x + tan x

28. ÁË ˜¯
dx dx Multiplying (1) by sec x + tan x, we get
2 3x
dy x e
= + + C1 d
dx 2 3 [y2 (sec x +tan x)] = tan x (sec x + tan x)
dx
x 3 e3 x fi y2 (sec x + tan x) = sec x + tan x – x + C
fiy= + + C1 x + C2
6 9
When x = 0, y = 1, so that
1 1
Since y (0) = 0 so C2 = - and = y1 (0) 1=1+CfiC=0
9 3
1 x
= + C1 fi C1 = 0 Thus, y2 = 1 -
3 sec x + tan x
x 3 e3 x 1 1
Hence y = + - = (3x3 + 2e3x – 2).
6 9 9 18

2
29. (1 + y ) + x - e
tan
( -1
y
) dxdy =0

(
fi 1+ y
2
) dx
dy
+x = e tan
-1
y

dx 1 1 -1
fi + 2
x = 2
e tan y
dy 1 + y 1+ y
1
Ú 1+ y 2 dy -1
y
I.F. = e = e tan
-1
y
e2 tan
d
dy ( -1
xe tan y )= 1 + y2
-1
y
tan -1 y
e tan
fi xe = Ú dy + const
1 + y2
1 2 tan -1 y
= e + const
2
-1 -1
y
fi 2 xe tan = etan y
+k