ART APP  The humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this

L2: ASSUMPTION AND NATURE OF ART magnificent phenomenon

BASIC ASSUMPTION  Any human person, then, is tasked to participate, if
 Art has been created by all people at all times, in not, totally partake in this long tradition of
all countries and it lives because its well-liked and humanizing himself
enjoyed L4: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ARTIST AND
 Art involves experience; there can never be ARTISAN
appreciation of art without experience Who is an artist?
Empiricism –knowledge through experience  Person who performs any of the creative arts
ART AND NATURE  This captures all forms of art, is an art practitioner
 Art is not nature. Art is made by human beings. such as painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer,
Artists frequently find their inspiration and subject musician, etc. who produces or creates indirectly
matter in nature, and artists do use nature as a functional arts with aesthetic value using
medium, but art itself not nature. imagination.
 Art is made by human beings, and no matter how  The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create
close it is to nature, it always shows that it was art for the sake of art itself without needing any
made by human beings. ulterior motives.
 The function of the artists is to help us understand What is an artisan?
the nature of things, to realize the possibilities in  They are skilled worker who makes things by hand.
the world, to develop insights or enlarge This includes various objects ranging from jewelry
imagination by creating or revealing new subjects. to furniture.
 An artisan should not be confused with an artist
 Art is made by man; because there is a clear difference in the things
 Art is everywhere. that they create.
 Art is man’s oldest means of expression;  An artisan is able to produce something that has a
 Art as a means of expression and communication functional value; although it should not be limited
to its use value alone.
 The humanities constitute one of the oldest and CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTS AND ARTISAN
most important means of expression developed by Artistic Value
man.  Artist: object has clear artistic value
 Human history has witnessed how man evolved  Artisan: object has an artistic value
not just physically but also culturally, from cave Functional Value
painters to men of exquisite paintbrush users of the  Artist: object has no functional value
present.  Artisan: object has functional value
 Even if one goes back to the time before written Object
records of man’s civilization has appeared, he can  Artist: object has a lot of aesthetic value and is
find cases of man’s attempts of not just crafting appreciated for this quality as it pleases the
tools to live and survive but also expressing his individual
feelings and thoughts.  Artisan: object though utilitarian has certain
 The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of aesthetic attributes to it.
Altamira, Spain is one such example. In 1879, a L3: FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY
Spaniard and his daughter were exploring a cave POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS:
when they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind, and VISUAL ARTS
bison.  Kind of art from that the population is most likely
THE HISTORY OF PAINTING more exposed to, but its variations are so diverse
 The humanities, then ironically, have started even they range from sculptures that you see in art
before the term has been coined galleries to the last movie you saw. Some mediums
 Human persons have long been exercising what it of visual arts include paintings, drawings, lettering,
means to be a human long before he was even printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
aware of his being one FILM
  Film refers to the art of putting together  As we look back over history, we find in art
successions of still images in order to create an striking, and in some cases, the only,
illusion of movement. Filmmaking focuses on its tangible records of some peoples.
aesthetics, cultural, and social value and is  The insights we gain into cultures, including
considered as both an art and an industry. our own are enhanced tremendously by
POETRY PERFORMANCE such artifacts as paintings, sculptures,
 Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses his poems, plays, and buildings.
emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or camera, C. Personal function of art
but expresses them through words.  The personal functions of art are varied and
ARCHITECTURE highly subjective. This means that its
 Architecture is the art of designing and constructing function depend on the person- the artist
building and other types of structures who created the art.
 It is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” D. Social function of art
because it houses, serves as background for, or  Art is considered to have a social function if
occurs in relation to other fields of art. and when it addresses a particular
 Materials used include stone, concrete, brick, collective interest as opposed to a personal
wood, steel, glass, and plaster. interest.
LITERARY ART  Political art is a very common example of
 Literary art goes beyond the usual professional, an art with a social function.
academic, journalist, and other technical form of  Art may convey message of protest,
writing contestation, or whatever message the
 It focuses on writing using a unique style, not artist intends his work to carry.
following a specific form or norm. it may include E. Physical function of art
both fiction and non-fiction such as novels,  The physical functions of art are the easiest
biographies, and poems. to spot and understand.
THEATER  The physical functions of art can be found
 Uses live performers to present accounts or in artworks that are crafted in order to serve
imaginary events before a live audience some physical purpose.
 Theater art performance usually follows a script, F. Other functions of art
though they should not be confused with literary  Music as an art is also interesting to talk
arts about in relation to function.
APPLIED ARTS  Music in its original form was principally
 Incorporate elements of style and design to functional.
everyday items with the aim of increasing their  Music was used for dance and religion.
aesthetical value.  Unlike today, when one can just listen to
 Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort music for the sake of music’s sake, the
into many things that are useful in everyday life. ancient world saw music only as an
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART instrument to facilities worship and
A. As a therapy invocation to gods.
 In its therapeutic function, art can be and is  Music also was essential to dance because
used as therapy for individuals with a music assures synchronicity among
variety of illnesses, both physical and dancers.
mental.  Art as a Representation
B. Art as artifact  Art as a Disinterested Judgment
 Art also functions as an artifact: A product  Art as a Communication of Emotion
of a particular time and place, an artwork SUBJECT AND CONTENT
represents the ideas and technology of that Subject
specific time and place.  the visual focus or the image that may be extracted
from examining the artwork
Content
  the meaning that is communicated by the artist or identifiable or recognizable forms in the
the artwork artwork and understanding how these
TYPES OF SUBJECT elements relate to one another
1. Representational Art B. Conventional
 These types of art have subjects that refer  pertains to the acknowledged interpretation
to object or events occurring in the real of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols
world. and other cyphers as bases of its meaning
 Often, it is also termed figurative art,  These conventions are established through
because as the name suggest, the figures time, strengthened by recurrent use and
depicted are easy to makes out and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience
decipher. and scholars who study then
2. Non-Representational Art C. Subjective
 This art does not make a reference to the  When subjectivities are consulted, a variety
real world, whether it is a person, place, of meaning may arise when a particular
thing, or even a particular event. work of art is read.
 It is stripped down to visual elements such  These meanings stem from the viewer’s or
as shapes, lines, emotion, and even audience’s circumstances that come into
concept. play when engaging with art.
SOURCES OF SUBJECT  “Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at
A. Nature Sistine Chapel
 Vincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers" L4: ELEMENTS OF ART
B. History VISUAL ELEMENTS
 Battle of Waterloo Elements of Visual Arts
C. Greek and Roman mythology  The elements of art are the visual components
 “Discobolus” – Greek original by the which are required to create a work of art
sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC  Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art
D. Judeo-Christian Tradition can help any artist to create a well-balanced and
 “Sistine Chapel” – Michelangelo beautiful designs
 “Interior of Westminster  To develop a more thorough understanding of
E. Sacred Oriental Texts artistic composition, one must learn how to
 “"Shah Jahan Receiving Dara Shikoh" examine and utilize the various art elements
F. Other works of art 1. Line
KINDS OF SUBJECT  mark on a surface that describes a shape
A. History or outline
B. Still life  It can create texture and can be thick and
C. Animals thin.
D. Landscapes  Types of line can include actual, implied,
E. Nature vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour
F. Fantasies line
G. Myth  an important element at the disposal of
H. Dreams every artist
I. Mythology  always has direction, always moving
J. Figures  as used in any work of art, may either be
K. Cityscape straight or curved
L. Seascape  first element of art and are continuous
CONTENT IN ART marks that are made on any surface with a
Levels of meaning moving point
A. Factual  can be used in various ways to create
 pertains to the most rudimentary level of different compositions
meaning for it may be extracted from the
  can be used to express various things or  This photo uses both horizontal and vertical lines.
feelings; it can be used to show various Although the bulrushes are the obvious use of
moods or anything abstract vertical lines, the horizontal line of the horizon is
 serves as an essential building block of art, more subtle. Note, too, that the photo has been
but it can also serve as the content itself of composed so the landscape follows the rule of
a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke thirds.
an emotional or intellectual response from  Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves,
a viewer can help lead the eye through a photo and can
A. Vertical lines suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality.
 poised for action Despite the name, S curves don’t need to be
 They are poised, balanced, forceful, shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong leading line
and dynamic. that winds or curves can be considered an S curve.
 They express an impression of dignity Some curved leading lines often used in
 Only vertical lines can be used to photography include paths and rivers.
express an orderly feeling  When including diagonal leading lines within a
B. Horizontal lines photo, it’s best if you can position them so that they
 lines of repose and serenity start and finish just above or below the corner of a
photo, like the railroad tracks shown here. This will
 They express ideas of calmness and
prevent the image from looking like it has been split
quiescence
in half. Because our eyes naturally scan photos
 Only horizontal lines can give a feeling
from left to right, composing an image to include
of peacefulness and stillness.
diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom left
C. Diagonal lines
to the top right of a photo is also a great way to
 used to create feelings of movement or
compose a shot.
action
 The body of this acoustic guitar is a great example
D. Curved lines
of S curves. Note the use of other leading lines in
 sometimes referred as S curves,
this photo too – the diagonal lines of the guitar
suggest gracefulness or sexiness
strings, and the horizontal lines of the sheet of
 If you want to photograph S curves, the
music in the background.
human body makes for a wonderful THREE MAIN TYPES OF LINES
subject.
1. Repetition
 It is up to the artist how he conveys his message,
 occurs when two or more lines are drawn
in the best way possible through the use of lines.
within a corner following the lines of the
 There are various ways to integrate lines into a
corner
photograph to help strengthen the overall
2. Lines that are in opposition to each other form a
composition and draw attention to a specific focal
contrast.
point.
3. A transition line
 When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a  line that connects two workflow elements
good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure to do  allow you to define what the next step in a
so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been workflow will be
cut in half. It is also important to try to keep the
vertical line as straight as possible. Vertical leading  To summarize, including leading lines within a
lines can help to illustrate growth, authority, photograph is a composition technique that can
strength, or dominance. Some examples of vertical strongly influence the overall result of an image.
leading lines in photography include photographs  Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main
of trees or tall buildings. focal point or, if used incorrectly, can draw the eye
 When composing your photo to include horizontal away from the subject or appear to cut a photo in
leading lines, make sure they’re as straight as half.
possible and consider following the rule of thirds. THE ART ELEMENT OF COLOR
Color
  visual perception of light being reflected from a 2. Color Wheel
surface of an artwork  abstract illustrative organization of color
 In the most basic classification, colors can be hues around a circle, that shows
divided into three groups: primary, secondary and relationships between primary, secondary,
tertiary. and tertiary colors, etc.
3. Value
 the lightness or darkness of a color
 It is the quality which depends on the
amount of light and dark in color
4. Tints
 values above the normal
5. Shades
 values below the normal
6. Intensity
 The brightness or darkness of color. It gives
color strength
 When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in
full intensity.
 When it is dulled, it is said to be partly
neutralized.
PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
 Colors have varied psychological and emotional
connotations.
 Black is associated with death and gloom
 White stands for purity and innocence
 Red is associated with blood, anger and
fear
 Green implies happiness and abundance
Meanings of Colors Conveyed by the Rose
• Red is for “I love you”
• Pink conveys “Thank you”
• White says “You are heavenly”
• Coral speaks of desire.
• White roses denote secrecy, reverence and
humility.
• Deep pink roses convey gratitude and
appreciation.
• Light pink express sympathy, grace and gentility
• Red roses also mean courage and fortitude
• Yellow roses stand for freedom
• Red and Yellow stand for jovial /happy feelings
• Orange roses speak of enthusiasm and desire
• Red and White convey unity
ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR
TEXTURE
1. Hue
 is the element that deals more directly with the
 term for the pure spectrum colors
sense of touch
commonly referred to by the "color names"
 applies to how an object feels or appears to feel
- red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet -
which appear in the hue circle or rainbow.  can be either implied or actual
 element that deals more directly with the sense of
 Theoretically all hues can be mixed from
touch
three basic hues, known as primaries.
  It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces  as an element of art, refers to distances or areas
which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, around, between or within components of a piece.
shiny or dull, plain or irregular.  can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or
1. Implied texture dark),open or closed, shallow or deep and two-
 expresses the idea of how a surface might feel dimensional or three-dimensional
 For example, a painting of a blanket might convey  Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but
the idea that the blanket is soft. the illusion of it is.
2. Actual texture KINDS OF SPACE
 texture that can actually be felt 1. Positive space
 For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a  areas in a work of art that are the subjects,
carved texture that could be felt when holding that or areas of interest
bowl. 2. Negative space
PERSPECTIVE  areas around the subjects, or areas of
 deals with the effect of distance upon the interest
appearance of objects, by means of which the eye
judges spatial relationships  Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used
KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE to describe distinct areas or parts of works of art or
1. Linear perspective architecture.
 representation of an appearance of distance by FORM
means of converging lines  applies to the over-all design of a work of art
 It has to do with the direction of lines and with  It describes the structure or shape of an object.
the size of objects. THE ART ELEMENT OF FORM
 Painters usually show the effect of space and Form
distance by using converging lines and  refers to a three-dimensional object
diminishing size.  As such, form is an art term that is only applied to
 Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as
to a vanishing point in the horizon, while those sculpture and pottery.
above the eye level seem to descend to the  Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or
vanishing point. organic.
Foreshortening  Geometric forms have hard lines and edges.
 representation of objects or parts of the body Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.
as smaller from the point of view of the TYPES OF FORM
observer.  Form and shape can also be described as
2. Aerial perspective either organic or geometric.
 the representation of relative distances of 1. Organic forms
objects by gradations of tone or color  such as these snow-covered boulders typically are
 Objects become fainter in the distance due to irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical.
the effect of the atmosphere. Objects appear to Organic forms are most often thought of as
be lighter in color as they recede into the naturally occurring
distance or atmosphere. 2. Geometric forms
THE ART ELEMENT OF SPACE  those which correspond to named regular shapes,
Space such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes,
 how the artist fills the surface on which a work of spheres, cones, and other regular forms
art is created VOLUME
 It can also refer to the expression of depth within a  the amount of space occupied in three dimensions
work of art.  It refers to solidity or thickness.
 When talking about a three-dimensional object,
space is the actual volume that is taken up by the
artwork.