E Commerce Website

Submitted in the Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in
COMPUTER SCIENCE

by
Alina Hussain(2100601024)
Ishita Rana(2100601068)
Abhinav Bhandari(2100601007)

Under the supervision of

Mrs SWATI ARYA

Assistant Professor

Submitted to the
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
College of Engineering Roorkee (COER), Roorkee
Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University,Uttarakhand-248001

May 8, 2024

i
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this project titled, “E-Commerce website”
submitted by me in the partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) submitted in the Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University,
Uttarakhand-248001, is an authentic record of my thesis carried out under the guidance of
Mrs Swati Arya , Assistant professor , Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, College Of Engineering Roorkee

Date: 08/05/24 Name of Student

08B. Tech (CSE)
Alina Hussain(2100601024)
Ishita Rana(2100601068)
Abhinav Bhandari(2100601007)

College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee

Approved By Dr. Sumit Kumar

Head of the
Department
(Computer Science &
Engineering) College of Engineering
Roorkee, Roorkee

ii
 CERTIFICATE
It is to certify that the thesis entitled “E-Commerce Website” which is being submitted by
Alina Hussain ,Ishita Rana , Abhinav Bhandari to the Uttarakhand University Dehradun,
in the fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology
(B. Tech.) is a record of bonafide research work carried out by him under my guidance and
supervision. The matter presented in this thesis has not been submitted either in part or full to
any University or Institute for the award of any degree.

Swati Arya
Assistant professor
College of Engineering Roorkee(COER), Roorkee

iii
 ABSTRACT
a

In this era of internet, e-commerce is growing by leaps and bounds keeping the growth of brick-and-
mortar businesses in the dust. In many cases, brick-and-mortar businesses are resorting to having a
counterpart which is internet or e-commerce driven.
The thesis aimed to develop an online shop using open source technologies (PHP,HTML5, CSS3,
JavaScript, MySQL and Apache Web Server) for clothes where customers will be able to buy
products online.The designed application will have an admin view and the public or guest view. The
admin view is meant for the administrator to update the products, change prices, remove and add
products and also manage customers. The customer view will be accessible to the customers, and they
will be able to handle their information such as their name, address, and contact. Also, the customer
will be able to order for products from the shop.

The drivers for electronic commerce are both technological (under the
tremendous pressure of innovation) and business oriented. This paper will
highlight some guidelines for companies who are entering into E-commerce to
create an E-commerce strategy or who already have an E-commerce presence to
revise their existing
strategy.

E-Commerce is now seen as a reality for many businesses and a normal part of a
business plan. The immediate benefits, in terms of cost savings, efficiencies and
enhanced profitability are clear at every stage in the supply chain. Adopting e-
business is no longer a competitive advantage, but a normal business process,
without which an enterprise is unlikely to survive in the New economy [1]. Year
2000 saw many Dot-com companies built up and many companies going into E-
commerce however now it is a different story, more and more companies are
failing, and investors are becoming cautious to invest money into Internet
ventures. There is more cash needed then was expected. Some of them had to
get on the bandwagon as everybody else were and didn’t want to be left behind,
and now that the bubble has burst they are facing the consequences. This paper
will aim to help companies to realize what they need to follow to have a
successful business if they plan well and have a good strategy.

This paper also identifies that implementing an E-commerce strategy is neither

straightforward nor cheap, for example it comprises a complete rethink of
traditional modes of behavior, the need and importance to involve internal staff
and external suppliers and customers right from the conceptual stage, need to
re-evaluate company’s core competences, and requires substantial investment
in IT.

Executives of successful E-commerce companies need to be strategic thinkers

focusing on customers, markets, and competitive positioning, as well as on
internal operations. Determination of a suitable E-commerce strategy begins
with identification of the opportunities and risks. The task of tracking the
changing environments, understanding customer groups, requires formulating
strategies and planning their implementation.

The paper follows a structure of exploring ideas of having an online presence,

going onto defining the business aims, looking at the feasibility of the project,
iv
where the industry environment and competitor analysis will be looked at
moving on to the planning and design phase, and finally implementing and
assessment which needs to be done continually as an iterative process to learn
from mistakes, improve and further meet new aims.

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this ecstatic time of presenting this project, first, the author bows to almighty God for
blessing with enough patience and strength to go through this challenging phase of life.
I would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks to those people who have helped
me in the accomplishment of this B. Tech. thesis.
First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Mrs Swati Arya for their expertise,
guidance, enthusiasm, and patience. These were invaluable contributors whose insightful
guidance helped to the successful completion of this project and spent many hours patiently
answering questions and troubleshooting the problems.

Finally, I would like to thank all faculty, college management, administrative and technical
staff of College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee and Veer Madho Singh Bhandari
Uttarakhand Technical University, Uttarakhand-248001 for their encouragement,
assistance, and friendship throughout my candidature.

Date:25/05/24 Name of the student

Alina Hussain(2100601024)
Ishita Rana(2100601068)
Abhinav Bhandari(2100601007)

vi
 INTRODUCTION

E-Commerce is now seen as a reality for many businesses and a normal part of a
business plan. The immediate benefits, in terms of cost savings, efficiencies and
enhanced profitability are clear at every stage in the supply chain. Adopting e-
business is no longer a competitive advantage, but a normal business process,
without which an enterprise is unlikely to survive in the New economy [1]. Year
2000 saw many Dot-com companies built up and many companies going into E-
commerce however now it is a different story, more and more companies are
failing, and investors are becoming cautious to invest money into Internet
ventures. There is more cash needed then was expected. Some of them had to
get on the bandwagon as everybody else were and didn’t want to be left behind,
and now that the bubble has burst they are facing the consequences. This paper
will aim to help companies to realize what they need to follow to have a
successful business if they plan well and have a good strategy.

E-commerce shops have become part of our daily lives. Technological advancement has made it
possible for people to sit in the convenience of their homes and still shop online without going to a
physical shop. Africans have also joined the trend of e-commerce business, so this project is meant to
design an eCommerce online shop so that the people in Ghana (Africa)will be able to purchase their
goods and services online. This project is mainly divided into two main categories: The
Administrators and the Customers/Users. The store manager and the staff members operate as the
administrators. They can add, edit, update products or, delete products thus they able to change the
names of products, change prices and, add or remove products. The customer can search for products
selection, update the cart, remove products from the cart and check out from the shop. The customer
is also able to update his information such as names, address and other data. The User is only able to
browse the online shop and add a product to the cart. The user is limited to the use of the shop

vii
 Project Objectives

1. Increase Sales: The primary objective of most e-commerce websites is to drive sales and revenue
by providing a platform for customers to purchase products or services online.
2. Expand Market Reach: Another objective may be to reach a broader audience by expanding into
new geographic regions or targeting specific demographic segments.
3. Enhance User Experience: Improving the overall user experience (UX) of the website is crucial to
keep customers engaged and satisfied, leading to increased retention and repeat purchases.
4. Optimize Conversion Rates: Increasing the percentage of website visitors who take desired
actions, such as making a purchase or signing up for a newsletter, is often a key objective for e-
commerce websites.
5. Improve Brand Awareness: Building brand awareness and loyalty through effective marketing and
branding strategies is essential for long-term success in the competitive e-commerce landscape.
6. Ensure Security and Trust: Establishing trust and credibility with customers by implementing
robust security measures and transparent policies for payments, data protection, and customer service.
7. Achieve Scalability: Designing the website infrastructure and architecture to handle increased
traffic and transaction volume as the business grows over time.
8. Generate Insights: Collecting and analyzing data on customer behavior, preferences, and market
trends to inform decision-making and optimize marketing, product offerings, and user experience.

viii
 METHODOLY

1. Project Planning: Begin by defining the scope, objectives, and requirements of the e-
commerce website project. Conduct market research to understand the target audience,
competition, and industry trends.

2. Technology Selection: Choose the appropriate technologies, platforms, and tools for
developing the e-commerce website based on factors such as scalability, security, and budget.

3. Design Phase: Create wireframes and mockups to visualize the layout and user interface of the
website. Develop a design that aligns with the brand identity and enhances the user
experience.

4. Development: Implement the design and functionality of the e-commerce website using front-
end and back-end development technologies. Follow coding standards and best practices to
ensure the website is scalable, maintainable, and performant.

5. Testing: Conduct thorough testing of the website to identify and fix any bugs, errors, or
usability issues. Test various scenarios, including user journeys, checkout process, and
compatibility across different devices and browsers.

6. Deployment: Deploy the e-commerce website to a live environment, ensuring proper setup
and configuration of servers, databases, and other infrastructure components. Monitor the
website for any performance issues or downtime.

7. Training and Documentation: Provide training for stakeholders and end-users on how to use
the e-commerce website effectively. Create documentation, such as user manuals and
troubleshooting guides, to support ongoing maintenance and support.

8. Launch and Marketing: Launch the e-commerce website to the public and implement
marketing strategies to drive traffic and sales. Monitor analytics data to track website
performance and optimize marketing efforts.

9. Maintenance and Support: Provide ongoing maintenance and support for the e-commerce
website, including software updates, security patches, and customer service. Continuously
monitor and improve the website based on feedback and performance metrics

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 ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT

1. Market Analysis: Conduct research to understand the target audience, competitors, and
industry trends. Identify market segments, customer preferences, and buying behaviors to
inform website design and marketing strategies.

2. Functional Requirements: Define the features and functionalities that the e-commerce website
must have to meet user needs and business objectives. This includes capabilities such as
product catalog management, search and navigation, shopping cart functionality, secure
checkout process, order management, and customer account management.

3. Non-functional Requirements: Consider factors such as performance, security, scalability,

usability, and accessibility when defining non-functional requirements. For example, the
website should load quickly, be secure against cyber threats, handle high traffic volumes,
provide a user-friendly interface, and comply with accessibility standards to accommodate
users with disabilities.

4. Technical Requirements: Specify the technology stack, platforms, and tools needed to develop
and maintain the e-commerce website. This includes front-end technologies (e.g., HTML,
CSS, JavaScript), back-end technologies (e.g., PHP, Python, Node.js), database management
systems, hosting infrastructure, and integration with third-party services (e.g., payment
gateways, shipping providers, analytics platforms).

5. Content Requirements: Determine the types of content needed for the e-commerce website,
including product descriptions, images, videos, pricing information, reviews, FAQs, and legal
policies (e.g., terms of service, privacy policy). Ensure that content is accurate, up-to-date, and
optimized for search engines to improve visibility and user experience.

6. Regulatory and Compliance Requirements: Identify any legal, regulatory, and compliance
requirements that apply to the e-commerce website, such as data protection laws (e.g., GDPR,
CCPA), PCI DSS compliance for handling payment card data, and industry-specific
regulations (e.g., healthcare, finance). Ensure that the website complies with relevant laws and
standards to protect user privacy and mitigate legal risks.

x
 SYSTEM DESIGN

1. Architecture: Design the overall architecture of the e-commerce website, including the client-
side (front-end) and server-side (back-end) components. Choose an architecture pattern, such
as MVC (Model-View-Controller) or microservices, that aligns with the project requirements
and scalability needs.

2. Database Design: Determine the structure and organization of the database to store and
manage product data, user information, orders, and other relevant data. Define database tables,
fields, relationships, and indexes to optimize performance and ensure data integrity.

3. User Interface Design: Create wireframes, mockups, and prototypes to design the user
interface (UI) of the e-commerce website. Focus on creating an intuitive and visually
appealing interface that guides users through the shopping journey seamlessly. Consider
factors such as navigation, layout, typography, colors, and interactive elements to enhance the
user experience.

4. Responsive Design: Ensure that the e-commerce website is designed to be responsive and
accessible across various devices and screen sizes, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones. Use responsive design techniques, such as flexible layouts, fluid grids, and
media queries, to adapt the UI to different devices and resolutions.

5. Performance Optimization: Implement performance optimization techniques to ensure fast

page loading times and smooth user interactions. This includes minimizing HTTP requests,
optimizing images and multimedia content, leveraging browser caching, and using content delivery
networks (CDNs) to serve static assets.

7. Security Measures: Incorporate security measures to protect the e-commerce website against
common threats, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and unauthorized access.
Implement encryption for sensitive data (e.g., passwords, payment information), use HTTPS
protocol for secure communication, and apply security best practices throughout the
development process.

8. Scalability Considerations: Design the e-commerce website with scalability in mind to

accommodate growth and increasing traffic volumes over time. Use scalable infrastructure
solutions, such as cloud hosting services, and design architecture components to be modular
and easily scalable horizontally or vertically.

IMPLEMENTAION
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1. Front-End Development: Front-end developers work on implementing
the user interface (UI) design using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. They create
the visual elements of the website, including layout, navigation menus,
product pages, and checkout process, ensuring they are responsive and
accessible across different devices and screen sizes.

2. Back-End Development: Back-end developers focus on building the

server-side components of the e-commerce website using programming
languages like PHP, Python, Ruby, or Node.js. They develop the logic and
functionality that powers the website, including user authentication,
product management, order processing, and database interactions.

3. Database Setup: Database administrators set up and configure the

database management system (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB) to
store and manage data for the e-commerce website. They create database
tables, define relationships, and optimize queries to ensure efficient data
storage and retrieval.

4. Integration with Third-Party Services: Developers integrate the e-

commerce website with third-party services and APIs, such as payment
gateways (e.g., PayPal, Stripe), shipping providers, and analytics
platforms. This allows customers to make payments, track shipments, and
gather insights into website performance.

5. Content Management: Content managers or administrators are

responsible for managing website content, including product listings,
descriptions, images, and promotional banners. They use content
management systems (CMS) or admin panels to update content, add new
products, and manage inventory levels.

6. Quality Assurance (QA) Testing: QA engineers conduct thorough

testing of the e-commerce website to identify and fix any bugs, errors, or
usability issues. They perform functional testing, usability testing,
performance testing, and security testing to ensure the website meets
quality standards and user expectations.

7. Deployment: Once development and testing are complete, the e-

commerce website is deployed to a live environment, making it accessible
to users. Deployment involves setting up web servers, configuring domain
settings, and transferring website files and databases to the production
environment.

8. Monitoring and Maintenance: After deployment, developers and

administrators monitor the e-commerce website for any performance
issues, security vulnerabilities, or downtime. They perform regular
maintenance tasks, such as software updates etc.

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 TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. Functional Testing: This involves testing the website's features and

functionalities to ensure they work as intended. Test cases are created to
validate core functions such as product browsing, search functionality,
adding items to the cart, checkout process, and user account management
2. Usability Testing: Usability testing evaluates the user-friendliness of the
e-commerce website. Testers assess factors such as navigation, layout,
design elements, and accessibility to ensure that users can easily navigate
the website, find products, and complete purchases.

3. Performance Testing: Performance testing evaluates the speed,

responsiveness, and scalability of the e-commerce website. Load testing
and stress testing are performed to simulate high traffic volumes and
identify any performance bottlenecks. The goal is to ensure that the
website can handle peak loads without slowdowns or crashes.

4. Security Testing: Security testing assesses the website's defenses

against potential threats and vulnerabilities. Testers identify and address
security risks such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and data
breaches. They ensure that sensitive information, such as payment details
and user credentials, is encrypted and protected from unauthorized
access.

5. Compatibility Testing: Compatibility testing ensures that the e-

commerce website functions correctly across different devices, browsers,
and operating systems. Testers verify that the website displays properly
and maintains functionality on various platforms, including desktops,
laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

6. Regression Testing: Regression testing is performed to ensure that new

changes or updates to the e-commerce website do not introduce
unintended side effects or break existing functionality. Test cases are re-
executed to validate that previously working features remain intact after
modifications.

7. Accessibility Testing: Accessibility testing evaluates the e-commerce

website's compliance with accessibility standards, such as the Web
Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Testers assess the website's
compatibility with assistive technologies and ensure that it is usable by
individuals with disabilities.

8. Cross-Browser Testing: Cross-browser testing ensures that the e-

commerce website displays consistently and functions correctly across
different web browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet
Explorer. Testers identify and fix any browser-specific issues to ensure a
seamless user experience.
xiii
 DEPLOYMENT

1. Server Setup: Set up the web servers and hosting environment for the e-
commerce website. Choose a reliable web hosting provider and configure
the server with the necessary software, such as a web server (e.g.,
Apache, Nginx), database server (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL), and
programming language runtime (e.g., PHP, Node.js).
2. Domain Configuration: Configure the domain name settings to point to
the web server where the e-commerce website will be hosted. This
involves updating DNS records to associate the domain name with the
server's IP address.
3. File Transfer: Transfer the website files, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
images, and other assets, to the web server. This can be done using FTP
(File Transfer Protocol), SSH (Secure Shell), or through a web-based file
manager provided by the hosting provider.
4. Database Setup: Set up the database management system (DBMS) and
create the necessary database tables and schemas for storing website
data, such as product information, user accounts, and orders. Import any
existing data from development or staging environments into the
production database.
5. Configuration Settings: Configure the website settings, such as
database connection parameters, file permissions, and security settings, to
ensure the website functions correctly in the production environment.
6. SSL/TLS Installation: Install an SSL/TLS certificate to enable HTTPS
encryption for secure communication between the web server and clients.
This helps protect sensitive data, such as payment information and user
credentials, from unauthorized access.
7. Testing: Perform final testing of the deployed e-commerce website to
ensure that all features and functionalities work as expected in the
production environment. Verify that the website displays properly across
different devices and browsers.
8. Monitoring Setup: Set up monitoring tools and services to track website
performance, uptime, and security threats. Configure alerts to notify
administrators of any issues or anomalies that may arise after deployment.
9. Launch: Once testing is complete and the website is verified to be
working properly, officially launch the e-commerce website to the public.
This may involve announcing the launch through marketing channels and
promoting the website to attract visitors and customers.
10. Ongoing Maintenance: After deployment, continue to monitor and
maintain the e-commerce website to ensure optimal performance,
security, and usability. Regularly update software components, apply
security patches, and perform backups to mitigate risks and prevent
downtime.

xiv
 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPES

1. Summary of Key Findings: Recap the main points discussed in the

project report, including project objectives, methodologies, analysis,
implementation, testing, and deployment. Highlight any significant
achievements or challenges encountered during the project.

2. Lessons Learned: Reflect on lessons learned from the e-commerce

website project, such as best practices in website development, effective
project management strategies, and areas for improvement in future
projects.

3. Future Recommendations: Provide recommendations for future

enhancements or expansions of the e-commerce website. This could
include adding new features or functionalities, improving user experience,
implementing marketing strategies to attract more customers, or exploring
new market opportunities.

4. Emerging Trends: Discuss emerging trends and technologies in the e-

commerce industry that may impact the future of the website. Consider
developments in areas such as mobile commerce, social commerce, voice
commerce, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and artificial
intelligence (AI) for personalized shopping experiences.

5. Business Growth Opportunities: Identify potential areas for business

growth and expansion based on market trends and customer feedback.
This could involve targeting new customer segments, entering new
geographic markets, diversifying product offerings, or partnering with
other businesses to reach new audiences.

6. Continuous Improvement: Emphasize the importance of ongoing

monitoring, evaluation, and optimization of the e-commerce website to
stay competitive in the ever-evolving digital landscape. Encourage a
culture of continuous improvement and innovation to adapt to changing
customer needs and market dynamics.

xv
 REFRENCES

1. Chen, Y., & Xie, J. (2008). Online consumer review: Word-of-mouth as a new
element of marketing communication mix. Management Science, 54(3),
477-491.
2. Kalakota, R., & Whinston, A. B. (1999). Electronic commerce: A manager's
guide. Addison-Wesley.
3. Laudon, K. C., & Traver, C. G. (2016). E-commerce 2016: Business,
technology, society. Pearson.
4. Nielsen Norman Group. (2020). E-commerce User Experience: 6 essential
design guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/e-
commerce-ux-guidelines/
5. Smith, A., & Jones, B. (2021). The Complete Guide to SEO for E-commerce
Websites. Retrieved from https://www.example.com/seo-guide-for-
ecommerce-websites
6. W3Schools. (n.d.). HTML Tutorial. Retrieved from
https://www.w3schools.com/html/
7. Magento. (n.d.). Magento Developer Documentation. Retrieved from
https://devdocs.magento.com/
8. WooCommerce. (n.d.). WooCommerce Documentation. Retrieved from
https://docs.woocommerce.com/
9. PayPal Developer. (n.d.). PayPal Developer Documentation. Retrieved from
https://developer.paypal.com/docs/

xvi
 APPENDIX

Appendix A: Website Wireframes and Mockups

 A.1 Home Page Wireframe

 A.2 Product Listing Page Mockup
 A.3 Product Details Page Wireframe
 A.4 Checkout Process Flowchart
 A.5 User Account Dashboard Mockup

Appendix B: Database Schema

 B.1 Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

 B.2 Database Tables and Fields Description

Appendix C: Sample Code Snippets

 C.1 HTML/CSS Code for Homepage

 C.2 JavaScript Code for Product Filtering
 C.3 PHP Code for User Authentication
 C.4 SQL Queries for Database Operations

Appendix D: Testing Documentation

 D.1 Test Plan

 D.2 Test Cases and Scenarios
 D.3 Test Results and Bug Reports

Appendix E: Deployment Checklist

 E.1 Server Configuration Details

 E.2 Domain Setup Instructions
 E.3 SSL/TLS Certificate Installation Guide

Appendix F: Legal and Regulatory Compliance

 F.1 Privacy Policy

 F.2 Terms of Service
 F.3 GDPR Compliance Checklist

Appendix G: Additional Resources

 G.1 E-commerce Industry Reports and Whitepapers

 G.2 Relevant Research Papers and Articles
xvii
  G.3 Software Documentation and Tutorials

Appendix H: Stakeholder Communication

 H.1 Meeting Minutes

 H.2 Email Correspondence with Clients
 H.3 Feedback and Recommendations

Appendix I: Glossary of Terms

 I.1 Definitions of Key Terms and Concepts Used in the Report

Appendix J: Acknowledgments

 J.1 Thank You Notes to Contributors, Mentors, and Team Member

xvii
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