CONTENTS

IT WORKSHOP LABORATORY (20A05202)

S.NO PROGRAM Page No.

1 LEARN ABOUT COMPUTER 3

2 ASSEMBLING AND DISSEMBLING OF A SYSTEM 15

3 INSTALLATION OF OPERATING SYSYTEM 21

4 OPERATING SYSTEM FEATURES 37

5 NETWORKING CONCEPTS 40

6 BROWSING THE INTERNET 42

7 INSTALLATION OF ANTIVIRUS 51

8 MICROSOFT WORD PROCESSOR 53

9 MICROSOFT POWERPOINT 61

10 MICROSOFT EXCEL(SPREAD SHEET) 67

11 LATEX 77

Additional Experiments

12 Installation of Ubuntu Operating Systems. 82

13 Linux Commands and Editors. 83

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TASK 1

Aim: To Identify The Internal Parts of a Computer

Computer : Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. Data can be
anything like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex, weight, height,
etc. of all the students in a class. Computer can also be defined in terms of functions it can perform. A
computer can i) accept data, ii) store data, iii) process data as desired, and iv) retrieve the stored data
as and when required and v) print the result in desired format. The major characteristics of a computer
are high speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility and storage.
The computer performs basically five major operations of functions irrespective of their
size and make. These are 1) it accepts data or instruction by way of input, 2) it stores data, 3) it can
process data as required by the user, 4) it gives results in the form of output, and 5) it controls all
operations inside a computer.
We discuss below each of these operations.

1. Input unit : this is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system

2. Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, processing and storage is performed under the
supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'. It decides when to start receiving data, when to stop it,
where to store data, etc. It takes care of step by-step processing of all operations inside the computer.

3. Memory Unit: Computer is used to store data and instructions.

4. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The major operations performed by the ALU are addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison.

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5. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. The
ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit (CPU). You
may call CPU as the brain of any computer system.

PERIPHERAL DEVICES: Peripheral devices are connected to the computer externally. These
devices are used for performing some specific functions.
Peripheral devices are as follows:
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Other Peripherals

1. INPUT DEVICES: Input devices accept data and instructions from the user.
Following are the examples of various input devices, which are connected to the computer for this
purpose.
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Light Pen
4. Optical/magnetic Scanner
5. Touch Screen
6. Microphone for voice as input
7. Track Ball

1. Keyboard: A keyboard is the most common input device. Several kinds of keyboards are
available, but they resemble each other with minor variations. The keyboard in most common use is
the QWERTY board. Generally standard keyboard has 104 keys. In these keyboards, the cursor
control keys are duplicated to allow easier use of the numeric pad.

2 .Mouse: A mouse is an electro-mechanical, hand-held device. It is used as a pointer. It can

perform functions like selecting menu commands, moving icons, and resizing windows, starting
programs, and choosing options.
The most common mouse uses an internal, magnetically coated ball, to detect the
movement of the mouse across a flat surface, usually a desktop. Now a days Optical or laser mouse is
used to detect the movement. All windows based applications today are designed to work with a
mouse. A mouse is used to replace hard-to-remember key combinations with easier "Point and Click"
actions. However, it cannot substitute all keyboard operations. It can be alternative for commands
based operations.

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3. Light pen: An input device that utilizes a light-sensitive detector to select objects on a display
screen. A light pen is similar to a mouse, except that with a light pen you can move the pointer and
select objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen.

Light pen

4 .Optical Scanner: These devices are used for automatic data collection. The devices of this
category completely eliminate manual input of data. For example, the bar-code reader is actually just a
special type of image scanner. An image scanner translates printed.

5. Touch Screen: Touch panel displays and pads are now being offered as alternatives to
keyboard. Here the input can be given through the computer screen, that accepts the input through
monitor; users touch electronic buttons displayed on the screen or they may use light pen.

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6. Microphone: Microphone is an input device, which takes voice as input. The voice
communication is more error-prone than information through keyboard. There are two types of
microphones available

7 .Track Ball: Trackball, a pointing device, is a mouse lying on its back .To move the pointer; you
rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. There are usually one to three
buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons. The advantage of trackballs over
mouse is that the trackball is stationary so it does not require much space to use it. In addition, you
can place a trackball on any type of surface, including your lap. For both these reasons, trackballs are
popular pointing devices for portable computers.

2. OUTPUT DEVICES: Output devices return processed data that is information, back to the
user. Some of the commonly used output devices are:
1. Monitor (Visual Display Unit) 2. Printers
3. Plotter 4. Speakers

1 .Monitor: Monitor is perhaps the most important output device because people interact with this
device most intensively than others. Computer information is displayed, visually with a video adapter

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card and monitor. Information processed within the CPU, that needs to be visually displayed, is sent to
video adapter. The video adapter converts information from the format used, in the same manner as a
television displays information sent to it by a cable service.

Two basic types of monitors are used with microcomputers,

which are as follows:
1. CRT
2. LCD
1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): CRT or Cathode Ray Tube Monitor is the typical monitor that
you see on a desktop computer. It looks a lot like a television screen, and works the same way. This
type uses a large vacuum tube, called cathode ray tube (CRT).Liquid Crystal Displays

2. (LCD): This type of monitors is also known as flat panel monitor. Most of these employ liquid
crystal displays (LCDs) to render images. These days LCD monitor are very popular. When people
talk about the capabilities of various monitors, one critical statistic is the resolution of the monitor.
Most monitors have a resolution of at least 800 x 600 pixels. High-end monitors can have resolutions
of 1024 x 768 pixels or even 1280 x 1024pixels. Thus monitors are available either in low resolution
or in high resolution.

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2 .Printers: After a document is created on the computer, it can be sent to a printer for a hard copy
(printout). Some printers offer special features such as colored and large page formats. Some of the
most commonly used printers are:
1. Laser Printer
2. Ink Jet Printer
3. Dot Matrix Printer
4. Line Printer
1. Laser Printer: A laser printer produces high quality print that one normally finds in publishing. It is
extremely fast and quiet. Moreover, the operation of a laser printer is easy with automatic paper
loading and no smudging or messing up of ink ribbons. The fastest laser printer can print up to 200
pages per minute in monochrome (black and white) and up to 100 pages per minute in color.

2. Ink-Jet Printer: An ink-jet printer creates an image directly on paper by spraying ink through
as many as 64tiny nozzles. Although the image it produces is not generally quite as sharp as the output
of a laser printer, the quality of ink-jet images is still high. In general, ink-jet printer offers an
excellent middle ground between dot matrix and laser printer. Like laser printer, an ink-jet printer is
quiet and convenient, but not particularly fast. Typically, an ink-jet printer is more expensive than a
dot-matrix printer, but costs only half as much as a laser printer.

3. Dot Matrix Printer: The dot matrix printer was very popular at one point of time. It is a very
versatile and inexpensive output device. In dot matrix printer the print head physically "hits" the paper
through the ribbon and produces text (or images) by combinations of dots; hence the name dot matrix
printer. Its speed is measured in characters per second (CPS). Although it is less expensive, it is
louder, slower and produces lower print quality.

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4. Line Printer: A line printer is generally used with large computer systems to produce text based
data processing reports. Line printers are high-speed printers with speeds ranging anywhere from 100
to about 3800 lines per minute. In the past, print quality on line printers was not high. Developments
in technology are improving the print quality on line printers. These are in the cost range of lakhs of
Rupees.

3. Plotter: A plotter is a special kind of output device that, like a printer, produces images on paper,
but does so in a different way. Plotters are designed to produce large drawings or images, such as
construction plans for buildings or blueprints for mechanical objects. A plotter can be connected to the
port normally used by a printer. An array of different colored pens in a clip rack and a robotic arm is
part of plotter. The instructions that a plotter receives from a computer consist of a color, and
beginning and ending coordinates for a line. With that information, the plotter picks up the appropriate
pen through its arm, positions it at the beginning coordinates drops the pen down to the surface of the
paper and draws to the ending coordinates. Plotters draw curves by creating a sequence of very short
straight lines.

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4. Speakers: Speakers are another type of output device, which allow you to listen to voice like
music, and conversation with people.

Parts Of Central Processing Unit:

1.Motherboard: It is a printed circuit that is the foundation of a computer and allows the CPU,
RAM, and all other computer hardware components to function with each other.

2.Processor/CPU: It was first developed by Intel in 1974. Unit. The computer CPU is responsible
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for handling all instructions and calculation it receives from other hardware components in the
computer and software programs running on the computer.

3.Hard drive: Hard drive is a Computer's main storage media device also called a hard disk drive
or abbreviated as HD or HDD.

4.Memory/RAM: Ram is a term commonly used to describe the memory within a computer.
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program, and
program result. It is a read/write memory which stores data until the machine is working. As soon as
the machine is switched off, data is erased.

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5.CD/DVD ROM Drives: CD-ROM drives are CD-Players inside computers that has the
capability of playing audio CDs and computer data CDs. DVD-RW Drive is a technology that enables
a user to read and write to a DVD+RW or DVD+R disc several times.

6. Power Supply: The PS is an internal hardware component used to supply the components
within the computer with power. Besides properly supplying power to the computer and all its internal
components, the power supply also converts the AC electrical current found in most standard wall
sockets throughout the United States into a lower DC voltage that the computer components use.

7.Sound Cards: It is Also known as a sound board or an audio card, a sound card is an expansion
card or integrated circuit that provides a computer with the ability to produce sound that can be heard
by the user.

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8.Video/Graphic: Cards also known as a graphics card, video card, video board, or a video
controller, a video adapter is an internal circuit board that allows a display device, such as a monitor,
to display images from the computer

DIAGRAMS OF PARTS OF COMPUTER

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DIAGRAMS OF PARTS OF CPU

PARTS OF MOTHER BOARD

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TASK 2

Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition.

AIM: To assemble and disassemble the system

Why should one learn about hardware?

1. Troubleshoot yourself and save time.

2. Knowing about system internals and components.
3. Very easy installation for modern hardware.
4. Install extra memory.
5. Removing components.
Safety Precautions:

1. Beware of electrostatic discharge (ESO)

2. Build computer on a hard surface, away from concepts.
3. Wear shoes and the short sleeved cotton wear.
4. Use Phillips, head screw driver.
5. Keep the components away from moisture.
6. Avoid using pressure while installing.
Steps for Assembling:

1. Setting the cabinet ready.

2. Preparing to fit the components.
3. Fitting the mother board.
4. Fitting the RAM, processor and cooler.
5. Installing PCI cards.
6. Fitting the hard disk and floppy drive.
7. Installing the CD ROM drives.
8. Connecting the ribbon cables.
9. Powering the drives and mother board.
10. Connecting the cables for the case front panel.
11. Final check.

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Getting the Cabinet ready:-

1. Check how to open the cabinet and determine where to fix the components.
2. Determine if the case has the appropriate risers installed.
Preparing to fit the Components:

1. Network adapter drive.

2. Floppy disk drive.
3. Ribbon cables.
4. Hard disk.
5. CD-ROM Drive.
6. RAM
7. CPU
8. Heat sink / cooler / fan.
9. Mother board.
10. Screws.
Fitting the Mother board.

1. Line up the patch on the motherboard ( ps/l, USB, etc ) with the appropriate holes in the
block panel I/O shield of the case.
2. Check the points where you and to install
3. Install them and make the mother board sit on them and fix screws if required.

Mother board parts:

1. ACR slot.
2. PCI Slot.
3. AGP Slot.
4. ATX Connectors.
5. CPU Fan.
6. Chipset North Bridge.
7. CPU socket.
8. Floppy.
9. System memory.

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10. Chipset south bridge.

11. Panel connector.
12. Power supply.
13. IDE connectors.

ATX Connectors:

1. PS, Mouse.
2. Key board.
3. USB.
4. Parallel ( Prints )
5. Serial COM1.
6. Serial COM 2.
7. Sound.
Fitting the processor:

1. Raise the small lever at the side of the socket.

2. Notice that there is a pin missing at one corner, determine the direction

to fit in the processor.

3. You should not force the CPU. When inserting it. All pins should slide smoothly into the
socket.
4. Lock the lever back down.
5. Install the heat sink over it (Different type for each processor). Heat sink / CPU fan.
Fitting the RAM:

1. The RAM must be suitable for motherboard.

2. There are currently 2 types of RAM available.
a) SD RAM.
b) DDR RAM.
3. The mother board’s chipset determines which type of RAM may be used.

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Installing the PCI Cards:

1. Most of the cards are inbuilt these days.

2. NIC, Sound Cards etc. are fitted into PCI slots.
Fitting the hard disk and Floppy disk:

1. Place the floppy and hard disks in their slots.

2. Leave some space above HDD to prevent heat building.
3. Check the jumper configuration.
4. Fix the screws.
Installing the CD-ROM Drives:

1. CD-ROM drive is similar to installing a hard disk.

2. 1ST check that the jumper configuration is correct.
3. Fix the screw.
Connecting the Ribbon Cables:-

1. Attach the long end of the cable to the IDE connector on the motherboard first.
2. The red stripe on the IDE cable should be facing the CD Power.
Powering the driver and motherboard:

Connecting the cables for the case front panel

1. SD, SPK or SPEAK: The loud speakers o/p. it has 4 pins.

2. RS, RE, RS or RESET: Connect the two pin Reset cable here.

3. PWR, PW, PWSW, PS or power SW: Power switch, the pc’s on (switch, the plug is two pin).

4. PWLED, PWRLED or Power LED: The light emitting diode on the front Panel of the case
illuminates when the computer is switched on. It’s a 2- Pin cable.

5. HD, HDD, and LED: These two pins connect to the cable for the hard disk Activity LED.

Final Check:-

Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for the processor operator.

1. Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct?

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2. Are the processor, RAM modules and plug in cards finally seated in there sockets?
3. Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really?
4. Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or fitted the clips?
5. Are the drive secure?
6. Have you connected the power cables to all drivers?
Powering up for the first time:

1. Ensure that no wires are touching the CPU heat sink fan.
2. Plug your monitor, mouse and keyboard.
3. Plug in power card and switch the power supply.
4. If everything is connected as it should be
• All system, fans should start spinning.
• U should hear a single beep and after about 5-10 sec.
• Amber light on monitor should go green.
• You will see computer start to boot with a memory check.
• Now check front LED’S to see if u plugged them in correctly.
• Check all other buttons.
• Power afford change any wrong settings.

Placing the mother board in the Cabinet

Raising lift lever on the CPU Socket

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Placing the CPU in to the Socket

Placing the Heat Sink

Inserting the RAM (Memory Chip) into the RAM Slots

Back Side of the Hard Disk

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TASK 3

Every student should install Linux on the computer .This computer should have windows
installed. The system should be configured as dual boot with both windows and Linux.

AIM: Perform the installation of the Linux operating system on a personal Computer which
should be windows installed. The system should be configured as the dual boot with both
windows and Linux

PROCEDURE: YaST (Yet another Setup Tool) provides options that make installation simple
and quick. To perform the installation, follow the steps:

1. Insert the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Product CD/DVD and then reboot
the system to start installation program.

2. Now it will display the Boot options window to select one option using the arrow
keys. Now select the “Installation” option from Boot options window which will starts normal
installation process where all modern hardware functions are enabled.

3 .Next you will be asked for system language selection which is started by the YaST.

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The left side display the overview of installation status. The right side displays the current
installation step.
4.After selecting the language click on next to accept the license agreement. There you
have to select the option “Yes, I agree to the License greement”.
5. After accepting the license agreement, in the Installation Mode dialog select either
“New Installation” or “Update” (or) select “Repair Installation” or “Boot Installed
System” from the Other Options dialog.

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