Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 1

This print-out should have 18 questions. by

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
Lrot = Ibarbell ω1
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. 1
= M d 2 ω1
2
001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points = (0.5) (0.5 kg) (0.24 m)2 (120 rad/s)
= 1.728 J · s

002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

What is the magnitude of the translational
angular momentum in units of J · s?
1. 78.75
2. 35.0
3. 8.75
4. 7.0875
5. 113.4
A barbell consists of two small balls, each 6. 31.587
with mass 0.5 kg, at the ends of a very low 7. 59.15
mass rod of length d = 0.24 m. The center 8. 19.688
of the barbell is mounted on the end of a low 9. 54.688
mass rigid rod of length b = 0.775 m (see 10. 84.088
Figure), and this rod rotates clockwise with
angular speed ω2 = 140 rad/s. In addition, Correct answer: 84.088 J · s.
the barbell rotates clockwise about its own Explanation:
center, with an angular speed ω1 = 120 rad/s. The translational angular momentum is
We will decompose the total angular mo- given by
mentum of this system into the rotational
angular momentum of the barbell about its Ltrans = rcm pcm
center of mass plus the translational angular = rcm mcm vcm
momentum of the barbell due to the motion 2
= mcm rcm ω2
of its center of mass.
What is the magnitude of the rotational
angular momentum of the barbell in units of
Ltrans = 2m b2 ω2
J · s?
1. 1.728 = 2(0.5 kg) (0.775 m)2 (140 rad/s)
2. 2.7 = 84.088 J · s
3. 1.2
4. 5.808
003 10.0 points
5. 11.532
In empty space, an object of mass 1 kg is mov-
6. 3.468
ing along a straight line with a constant speed
7. 2.028
of 10 m/s. Hanging in space is a dust-mote of
8. 22.188
negligible mass. At a certain instant the ob-
9. 7.5
ject is 100 m from the dust-mote. However, as
10. 13.872
it continues along its path, it will pass within
1 m of the mote.
Correct answer: 1.728 J · s.
What is the magnitude of the angular mo-
Explanation: mentum of the object, as seen from the dust-
The rotational angular momentum is given mote’s position?
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 2

1. 1 kg · m2 /s

2. The question does not make sense because

L is different in direction at each point on the T
object’s path. θ m1
3. 10 kg · m2 /s correct x m2
2
4. 1000 kg · m /s L

5. The question does not make sense because Find the tension in the cord.
L is different in magnitude at each point on
the object’s path. 1. T = (m1 + m2 ) g cos θ
6. 100 kg · m2 /s
  
1 L
2. T = m1 + m2 g correct
2
2 x
7. 0.1 kg · m /s 
1
 
L
3. T = m1 + m2 g sin θ
2 2 x
8. 10,000 kg · m /s   
1 L
4. T = m1 + m2 g sin θ
2 x
Explanation: 
1
 
L
From 5. T = m1 + m2 g cos θ
2 x
6. T = 0
L = r × p,   
1 L
7. T = m1 + m2 g cos θ
2 x
we find that (just as in the case of the sim- 8. T = (m1 + m2 ) g sin θ
ilar torque definition) the magnitude of L is   
conveniently given by 1 L
9. T = m1 + m2 g
2 x
  
L g
10. T = (m1 + m2 )
x 2
L = r⊥ p = r⊥ m v Explanation:
= (1 m)(1 kg)(10 m/s) = 10 kg · m2 /s . For equilibrium,
X X
F =0 and τ =0.

Consider the torques around the connec-

004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points tion between the bar and the wall, since the
A solid bar of length L has a mass m1 . The reaction forces will produce no torques around
bar is fastened by a pivot at one end to a that point.
wall which is at an angle θ with respect to
the horizontal. The bar is held horizontally
X L
τ = −L m2 g + x T − m1 g = 0 ,
by a vertical cord that is fastened to the bar   2
at a distance x from the wall. A mass m2 is 1 Lg
T = m1 + m2 .
suspended from the free end of the bar. 2 x
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 3

v0 ω
m
005 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Find the the horizontal component of the
force exerted on the bar by the wall. (Let
O d O
right be the positive direction.)
  
1 L M
1. Fx = m1 + m2 g
2 x
Find the angular speed of the system right
2. Fx = (m1 + m2 ) g sin θ after the collision.
   1. 3.99227
1 L
3. Fx = m1 + m2 g sin θ 2. 9.39542
2 x 3. 10.0727
  
1 L 4. 7.22394
4. Fx = m1 + m2 g cos θ
2 x 5. 8.62338
5. Fx = 0 correct 6. 2.93988
7. 5.0821
8. 7.78857
  
1 L
6. Fx = m1 + m2 g cos θ 9. 9.52771
2 x

1
 
L 10. 5.73025
7. Fx = m1 + m2 g sin θ
2 x
   Correct answer: 9.39542 rad/s.
1 L
8. Fx = m1 + m2 g Explanation:
2 x
The initial angular momentum about the
9. Fx = (m1 + m2 ) g cos θ axle is
  
L g Li = ~r × ~p
10. Fx = (m1 + m2 )
x 2 d
= m v0 (2)
2
Explanation: The final angular momentum of the rod and
In general, there will be a horizontal reac- mass system is
tion force Rx at the connection between an
Lf = Itot ω
object and a wall; however, none of the other
forces in this situation act in the horizontal With the projectile stuck to the end of the
direction, so rod, the rotational inertia of the projectile
and the rod combined about O is,
 2
d 1
+ M d2
X
Fx = Rx = 0 . Itot = m
2 12
 
m M
= + d2 (1)
4 12
 
(0.78 kg) (4.76 kg)
006 10.0 points = + (1.34 m)2
4 12
A projectile of mass m = 0.78 kg moves to
the right with speed v0 = 19.1 m/s. The pro- = 1.0624 kg m2 .
jectile strikes and sticks to the end of a sta- Using the conservation of angular momen-
tionary rod of mass M = 4.76 kg and length tum along with Eqs. (1) and (2), we have
d = 1.34 m that is pivoted about a frictionless
axle through its center. ω = Li /Itot
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 4
d
m v0 12
= 2 · Correct answer: 7.7693 rad/s.
md 2 2
M d 12
+ Explanation:
4 12 Using the energy principle,
6 m v0
=
(3 m + M ) d Ktrans,f + Krot,f = Ui .
6 (0.78 kg) (19.1 m/s)
= 1
[3 (0.78 kg) + (4.76 kg)] (1.34 m) For a disk, I = M R2. Adding the two mo-
2
= 9.39542 rad/s . ments of inertia and knowing that the speed
of the box is v = ωR1, we solve for ω:
007 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A block of mass 5 kg hangs from a rope that 1 2 1

1 2 1 2

is wrapped around a disk of the same mass mv + mr1 + mr2 ω 2 = mgh
2 2 2 2
and radius 33 cm. This disk is glued onto an-
other disk of again the same mass and radius
r12 r12 r22
 
72 cm. The two disks rotate on a fixed axle ⇒ + + ω 2 = gh
(see figure) without friction. 2 4 4

s
4gh
⇒ω=
3r12 + r22
s
4(9.81 m/s2 )(1.3 m)
=
3(33 cm)2 + (72 cm)2
≈ 7.7693 rad/s.

(Don’t forget to convert your units.)

008 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

During this process, which of the following are
conserved for the two disk and block system?
I. Linear momentum
II. Kinetic energy
III. Angular momentum relative to the axle
If the block is released at a height 1.3 m
above the ground, what is the angular speed 1. None correct
of the two disk system just before the block
hits the ground? Use g = 9.81 m/s2 . 2. II only
1. 7.7693
2. 7.87474 3. I only
3. 9.25012
4. 7.52694 4. I and III only
5. 7.9943
6. 8.12337 5. I and II only
7. 8.28706
8. 9.4798 6. All
9. 8.69313
10. 8.98885 7. II and III only
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 5
The moment of inertia of a rod rotated
8. III only 1
about its center of mass is Irod, cm = m L2 .
12
Explanation:
17
(I) As the block falls, it gains linear mo- 1. m L2
mentum. The external forces on the system 12
are gravity and the axle force, but gravity 3
2. m L2 correct
is the greater of the two since the center of 2
mass clearly moves downward. (II) Kinetic 2
3. m L2
energy of the system is initially zero, but it is 3
non-zero in the final state. (III) There is an 7
external torque due to gravity on the system, 4. m L2
3
causing the rotational angular momentum to 11
increase. 5. m L2
12
1
009 10.0 points 6. m L2
2
A rod is initially along the y axis and has
length ℓ. A force 7. m L2
~ = ı̂ F1 + ̂ F2 + k̂ F3
F 5
8. m L2
6
acts at the upper end of the rod. Explanation:
What is the initial torque ~τ about the lower Two of the rods in the triangle are rotating
end of the rod? about their ends. By the parallel axis theo-
rem, the moment of inertia of a rod rotating
1. Zero 1
about its end is Irod, end = m L2 .
3
2. (ı̂ F1 + ̂ F2 + k̂ F3 ) ℓ The other rod on the opposite side of the
triangle from the point of √ rotation is rotating
3. (ı̂ F3 − k̂ F1 ) ℓ correct 3
about a point that is L from its center
2
4. ı̂ F3 ℓ of mass. Using the parallel axis theorem for
opposite side rod, we get a moment of inertia
5. −(ı̂ F3 + ̂ F2 + k̂ F1 ) ℓ of
Explanation:
~r = ̂ ℓ, so the torque is √ !2
1 3
Irod, opp = m L2 + m L
~τ = ~r × F~ 12 2
= (̂ ℓ) × (ı̂ F1 + ̂ F2 + k̂ F3 ) 1 3
= m L2 + m L2
= (̂ × ı̂) ℓ F1 + (̂ × ̂) ℓ F2 + (̂ × k̂) ℓ F3 12 4
5
= −k̂ ℓ F1 + ı̂ ℓ F3 = m L2
6
We can now add these individual moments
010 10.0 points of inertia to get the moment of inertia for the
Consider an equilateral triangle made of thin whole triangle
rods of mass m and length L that are welded
together. What is the moment of inertia of 1 1 5
Itriangle, end = m L2 + m L2 + m L2
this triangle for rotation about an axis that is 3 3 6
perpendicular to the plane of the triangle and 3
= m L2 .
through one of vertices of the triangle? 2
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 6
s
2D
011 10.0 points 9. t =
(1 − κ) g
A yo-yo-like spool has mass M , inner radius Explanation:
r and outer radius R. Its rotational inertia Using the Momentum Principle with re-
about its center of mass is Icm = κ M r 2 . A spect to the center of mass motion:
string is wrapped tightly around the inner d~pcm
part of the spool (the part with radius r) and ~ net
=F
dt
does not slip as the spool moves. m acm = M g − T .
T The string does not slip so α r = acm . Tak-
M ing the center of rotation to be the center
of mass, the Angular Momentum Principle
r R gives:
dL~
Mg = ~τnet
dt
acm Icm α = T r
κ M r2 α = T r
If the string is fixed to the ceiling, the spool
κ M acm = T .
is dropped vertically from rest and the floor
is reached when the center of mass falls a Adding these results,
distance D downward, how long does it take
to hit the floor? Assume the string remains
(κ + 1) M acm = M g
vertical as the spool descends.
g
acm = .
κ+1
s
2 (κ + 1) D
1. t = correct If the center of mass is to fall a distance D
g
s in time t from rest, then
2 (1 − κ) D
2. t =
g 1
s D= acm (∆t)2
2D 2
3. t =
s
g 2 (κ + 1) D
∆t = .
g
s
2D
4. t =
(κ + 1) g Alternately, one can use the Energy Princi-
s ple:
2κD
5. t = Ktrans + Krot + ∆U = 0
g
s 1 2 1
2D mvcm + Icm ω 2 = mgD
6. t = 2 2
κg 1 1
s mω 2 r 2 + Icm ω 2 = mgD
D 2 2
7. t = to get an equation for ω and insert it into the
2 (κ + 1) g
s update formulation of the Angular Momen-
2D tum Principle:
8. t =
(κ − 1) g
~f = L
L ~ i + ~τnet ∆t
Icm ω = 0 + T r∆t
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 7
to get an equation for the time it takes the torque is due to gravity acting on the center
spool to hit the ground. of mass of the rod.
Since î × ĵ = k̂ , the torque can only be in
012 10.0 points direction k̂. We find the magnitude from the
A uniform rod of length L and mass M is fact that r × M g is
initially vertical with lower end resting on a  
L
level table. If the rod is released, suppose the Mg sin θ
end touching the table does not slip. The rod 2
will hit the table in a horizontal position. Let when the rod has rotated by angle θ from the
î be along the vertical and ĵ be along the final vertical. (Remember that the magnitude of
position of the rod. the torque can be obtained from r⊥ F or from
x r F⊥ .)
θ
013 10.0 points
î An ice skater whirls with her arms and one leg
stuck out as shown in the first figure, making
one complete turn in one second. Then she
ĵ quickly moves her arms up above her head and
y ~fs
pulls her leg in as shown in the second figure.
In doing so, her moment of inertia about her
~n axis of rotation changes from 18 kg.m2 to
k̂ 10 kg.m2 . What is the minimum amount of
z chemical energy she must have used up in
doing this? Take π=3.1416.
When the rod has fallen by an angle θ from
the vertical, what is the net torque on it about
the pivot where it touches the table?
1
1. k̂ M g L sin θ correct
2
1
2. − k̂ M g L cos θ
2
 
3. î + ĵ (|fs | − |n|)

4. Zero
 
5. î − ĵ M g L cos θ
1. 521.12
1 2. 394.79
6. − k̂ M g L sin θ
2 3. 323.01
4. 376.84
7. (n + fs + M g) L
5. 310.89
 M gL 6. 177.65
8. î + ĵ 7. 284.25
2
8. 272.76
Explanation: 9. 455.98
Since the system has an actual pivot (at the 10. 263.19
point where the rod touches the table), forces
n and fs do not exert a torque. The only Correct answer: 284.25 J.
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 8
Explanation: Find the magnitude of the net torque on
For the ice skater whirling about a vertical the system with respect to the center of the
axis, there is no appreciable external torque axle.
acting on her body at any point during her 1. 5.88
rotation. Hence, when she changes pulls in 2. 6.2
her leg, the angular momentum must remain 3. 3.27
the same. If we denote the initial and final 4. 2.33
moments of inertia by I1 and I2 respectively, 5. 4.88
and the corresponding angular velocities by 6. 5.26
ω1 and ω2 , then by angular momentum con- 7. 3.5
servation 8. 5.55
9. 4.15
L = I 1 ω1 = I 2 ω2
10. 4.36
From the fact that she completed one revolu-
tion per second, we get Correct answer: 5.55 N · m.
ω1 = 6.2832 rad/s Explanation:
Hence,
I1
ω2 = ω1 ∗ = 11.3098 rad/s Let : a = 5 cm = 0.05 m ,
I2
b = 27 cm = 0.27 m ,
The change in kinetic energy will be -
F1 = 11 N ,
1 1
∆E = I2 ω22 − I1 ω12 F2 = 24 N ,
2 2
F3 = 14 N , and
The minimum amount of chemical energy θ = 38◦ .
expended must be equal to this increase in
kinetic energy and hence we get the answer as
F1
∆E = 284.25 J

ω
014 10.0 points θ
An axle has a circular flywheel attached to it
with a mass 7 kg. The axle has a radius of F2
5 cm, and the flywheel has a radius of 27 cm. F3
Three forces (acting perpendicular to the axis
of rotation) of magnitudes 11 N, 24 N, and The total torque is
14 N act on the axle and flywheel as shown.
The force of magnitude 24 N acts 38 ◦ below τ = a F2 − b F1 − b F3
the horizontal. = (0.05 m) (24 N)
11 N − (0.27 m) (11 N + 14 N)
= −5.55 N · m ,
ω
38◦
with a magnitude of 5.55 N · m .
24 N
015 10.0 points
A comet is moving away from the Sun in a
14 N
hyperbolic orbit (K + U > 0). Which of the
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 9
following is/are true concerning the limits of
the distance of the comet from the Sun, |~r |,
the linear momentum of the comet, |~p|, and 2r ω0
the angular momentum of the comet relative
to the center of the Sun, L ~ S , as t → ∞? r
Ignore any forces on the comet except for the
gravitational force of the Sun.
I. |~r| → ∞
II. |~p| → ∞
III. L ~S → ∞
ω0
1. I only correct What is the magnitude of that final angular
velocity in terms of ω0 ?
2. III only
3
1. ωf = ω0 correct
3. None 5
4
2. ωf = ω0
4. I and II only 5
1
5. I and III only 3. ωf = ω0
4
2
6. II only 4. ωf = ω0
5
2
7. II and III only 5. ωf = ω0
3
8. All 1
6. ωf = ω0
3
1
7. ωf = ω0
2
1
8. ωf = ω0
5
3
9. ωf = ω0
Explanation: 4
Because E > 0, this is an escaping trajec- Explanation:
tory and |~r | → ∞. The force due to the Sun Note: Since the disks are spinning in oppo-
approaches zero at large distances, so by New- site directions, let ω1 = ω0 and ω2 = −ω0 .
ton’s first law, |~p| becomes constant. There is The inertia of the larger disk is
zero torque on the comet relative to the center
1
of the Sun, so L ~ S is constant as well. I1 = m (2 r)2 = 2 m r 2 ,
2
016 10.0 points and of the smaller disk
Two disks of identical mass but different radii 1
(r and 2 r) are spinning on frictionless bear- I2 = m r2 .
2
ings at the same angular speed ω0 but in op-
posite directions. The two disks are brought Using conservation of angular momentum,
slowly together. The resulting frictional force
between the surfaces eventually brings them I i ωi = I f ωf
to a common angular velocity. I1 ω0 − I2 ω0 = (I1 + I2 ) ωf
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 10
I1 − I2
X
ωf = ω0 Fx = 0 requires the wall to exert a force
I1 + I2 equal in magnitude to the frictional force of
2 1 2 FN µ = (Mm + Mℓ ) g µ exerted by the floor.
2mr − mr
= 2 ω0 Applying torques on the ladder about the
2
1 2 point where it touches the floor,
2mr + mr
2 ℓ (Mℓ + Mm ) gµ sin θ
3

ℓ
= ω0 . − Mℓ + R Mm ℓ g cos θ = 0
5 2

017 10.0 points 2 (Mℓ + Mm ) µ sin θ = (Mℓ + 2 R Mm ) cos θ

A 6 m long, uniform ladder leans against a
frictionless wall and makes an angle of 59 ◦
with the floor. The ladder has a mass 23.5 kg. (Mℓ + 2 R Mm ) cos θ
µ=
A 61.1 kg man climbs 82% of the way to the 2 (Mℓ + Mm ) sin θ
top of the ladder when it slips and falls to the [23.5 kg + 2(0.82)(61.1 kg)] cos 59◦
floor. =
2(23.5 kg + 61.1 kg) sin 59◦
What is the coefficient of static friction be-
tween the ladder and the floor? = 0.439296 .
1. 0.356587
2. 0.217954
3. 0.502479 018 10.0 points
4. 0.238964
5. 0.202755
6. 0.183642
7. 0.220735
8. 0.439296
9. 0.257465
10. 0.24889

Correct answer: 0.439296.

Explanation:

Let : Mℓ = 23.5 kg ,
Mm = 61.1 kg ,
A stationary bicycle wheel of radius R is
R = 0.82 , and mounted in the vertical plane on a horizon-
θ = 59◦ . tal low friction axle. Initially the wheel is not
rotating. The wheel has mass M , all con-
Since the ladder is in static equilibrium the centrated in the rim (spokes have negligible
sum of all forces and torques about any point mass). A lump of clay with mass m falls and
must be zero. First, using the sum of the sticks to the outer edge of the wheel at an an-
vertical forces where FN is the normal force gle θ with respect to the horizontal axis. Just
exerted by the floor before impact the clay has a speed v. Just
X after impact, what is the magnitude of the
0= Fy angular velocity of the wheel?
0 = FN − Mm g − Mℓ g mv
1.
FN = (Mm + Mℓ ) g (m + M )R2
 Version 121 – midterm 04b – turner – (58425) 11

mv sin θ
2.
MR
Mv
3.
mR
M v sin θ
4.
mR
mv
5.
MR
mv sin θ
6.
(m + M )R
mv
7.
M R2
mv cos θ
8.
MR
mv cos θ
9. correct
(m + M )R
mv
10.
(m + M )R
Explanation:
Right before impact the angular momen-
tum of the system comes from the clay:

~ i = mvR cos θ.
L

After the impact, the final angular momen-

tum is
~ f = Iω.
L

The moment of inertia for the combined

system is
I = M R2 + mR2 ,
so
~ f | = mR2 + M R2 ω.


|L
Using conservation of angular momentum,
we get

mvR cos θ = (m + M )R2ω.

Solving for ω gives

mv cos θ
ω= .
(m + M )R