​ MDCAT 10 DAY TESTING SESSION

BY STUDY CORNER

TEST NO 1 CHAPTERS
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE
ENZYMES

CELL STRUCTURE

A CELLULAR LIFE

_________________
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE

Q.1 Cellulose of wood, cotton and paper is

an example of:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipids

Q.2 The main constituents of cell walls in

plants, algae, fungi and eukaryotic
microorganisms are:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleic acids

Q.3 Carbohydrates are composed of:

A) Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
B) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
phosphorus
C) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
D) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Q.4 In simple carbohydrates the ratio of

hydrogen and oxygen is same as in:
A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Nucleic acids

Q.5 The general formula of carbohydrates is

Cx(H2O)y where ‘x’ is the whole number:
A) From three to many thousands
B) From three to seven thousands
C) From three to three thousands
D) From seven to many thousands
Q.6 Polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy
ketones are:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids

Q.7 The example of polyhydroxy ketone is:

A) Glucose
B) Glyceraldehyde
C) Dihydroxyacetone
D) Ribose

Q.8 “Complex substances which on

hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehyde
or ketone subunits” are:
A) Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides
B) Glucose and fructose
C) Monosaccharides and polysaccharides
D) Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Q.9 The sources of carbohydrates are:

A) Bacteria
B) Green plants
C) Protists
D) Protozoans
Q.10 Carbohydrates in cell combine with
_______ and ________ and the resulting
compounds are called glycoproteins and
glycolipids respectively.
A) Lipids, Proteins
B) Carbohydrates, Proteins
C) Carbohydrates, Lipids
D) Proteins, Lipids

Q.11 Carbohydrates are classified into:

A) Three groups
B) Seven groups
C) Three to seven groups
D) More than seven groups

Q.12 These are simple sugars:

A) Polysaccharides
B) Oligosaccharides
C) Disaccharides
D) Monosaccharides

Q.13 These are easily soluble in water:

A) Carbohydrates
B) Monosaccharides
C) Oligosaccharides
D) Polysaccharides

Q14. In combined form glucose is found in:

A) Many disaccharides & polysaccharides
B) All oligosaccharides & polysaccharides
C) All disaccharides & polysaccharides
D) All trisaccharides & polysaccharides

Q.15 Starch, cellulose and glycogen yield

________ on complete hydrolysis:
A) Fructose
B) Mannose
C) Glucose
D) Galactose

Q.16 For ester formation ______ is released

from alcohol and _____ is released from
acid, which combine to form a water
molecule.
A) H, OH
B) H, H
C) OH, H
D) OH, OH

Q.17 ________ is composed of one glycerol

and three fatty acids.
A) Acylglycerol
B) Triglyceride
C) Monoglyceride
D) Diacylglycerol
Q.18 The number of carbon atoms in fatty
acids may be:
A) 2-7
B) 3-7
C) 2-30
D) 2-40

Q.19 Fatty acids contain even number of

carbon atoms in straight chain attached
with _______ atoms and having _______.
A) Hydrogen, an acidic group
B) Oxygen, an alcohol
C) Oxygen, an acid group
D) Hydrogen, an alcohol

Q.20 Pick up the character which does not

belong to unsaturated fatty acids:
A) No double bond
B) One the six double bonds
C) Low melting point
D) Part of plant fats

Q.21 In animals the fatty acids are ______ while in plants these
may be _______ or______.
A) Unbranched, branched, ringed
B) Branched, ringed, unbranched
C) Ringed, branched, unbranched
D) Ringed, unbranched, branched

EXPLANATION
Q.1 Answer is “Carbohydrates”
Explanation: Wood, cotton and paper are
made up of a polysaccharide called
cellulose.

Q.2 Answer is “Carbohydrates”

Explanation: Cellulose, hemicellulose
and pectins are the main components of the
cell wall of plants and algae, whereas
chitin is the main component of the cell
wall of fungi. All of them are
polysaccharide carbohydrates.

Q.3 Answer is “Carbon, Hydrogen and

Oxygen”
Explanation: Carbohydrates are
commonly called as hydrated carbons i.e.,
water (Hydrogen and Oxygen) and carbons. It means they have
three
elements, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
Q.4 Answer is “Water”
Explanation: By simple carbohydrates we
mean monosaccharides with general
formula of Cn(H2O)n. In each
monosaccharide, there are two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom against each
carbon atom.

Q.5 Answer is “From three to many thousands”

Explanation: The smallest carbohydrate
is a triose (monosaccharide) whereas the
complex carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
may consist of hundreds or thousands of
Monosaccharide units.

Q.6 Answer is “Carbohydrates”

Explanation: Chemically carbohydrates
are either polyhydroxy aldehydes or
polyhydroxy ketones or their condensation
products.

Q.7 Answer is “Dihydroxyacetone”

Explanation: It is a keto triose.

Q.8 Answer is “Oligosaccharides and

polysaccharides”
Explanation: Because these are condensation
products of polyhydroxyaldehydes or
polyhydroxy ketone units, thus they yield
same upon their hydrolysis.

Q.9 Answer is “Green plants”

Explanation: Carbohydrates are the
primary products of the living world
synthesized by photosynthesis. Rest of the
all organic biomolecules are derivatives of
carbohydrates.

Q.10 Answer is “Proteins and lipids”

Explanation: When carbohydrates are
conjugated with proteins they yield
glycoproteins and when conjugated with
lipids they yield glycolipids. Both of them
are part of biological membranes.

Q.11 Answer is “Three groups”

Explanation: Monosaccharides,
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as
per text book.

Q.12 Answer is “Monosaccharides”

Explanation: Monosaccharides, also
called simple sugars, are the simplest form
of sugar and the most basic units of
carbohydrates. They cannot be further
hydrolyzed to simpler chemical
compounds.

Q.13 Answer is “Monosaccharides”

Explanation: Monosaccharides such as
glucose and fructose are crystalline solids
at room temperature, but they are quite
soluble in eater, each molecule having
several OH groups that readily engage in
hydrogen bonding.

Q.14 Answer is “Many disaccharides and

poly saccharides”
Explanation: Glucose is part of sucrose,
maltose and fructose which are
disaccharides. Similarly, cellulose starch
and glycogen are polymers of glucose.
However, some disaccharides and
polysaccharides may have a monomer
other than glucose.

Q.15 Answer is “Glucose”

Explanation: Starch glycogen and
cellulose are polymers of glucose
monomers and they are synthesized by
condensation of glucose monomers. Thus
yield glucose monomers upon hydrolysis.
Q.16 Answer is “OH, H”
Explanation: It is actually a dehydration
synthesis and water is formed by
taking OH from glycerol and H from fatty
acid.

Q.17 Answer is “Triglyceride”

Explanation: Tri-means three fatty acids
(Acyls) glyceride means – glycerol.

Q.18 Answer is “2-30”

Explanation: Fatty acids have carbon
atoms in even number from two to thirty.

Q.19 Answer is “Hydrogen, an acidic group”

Explanation: Each fatty acid is a
hydrocarbon chain attached with a
carboxylic acid.

Q.20 Answer is “no double bond”

Explanation: Unsaturated fatty acids
always have lesser hydrogen atoms than
their fullest capacity, thus the valency of
carbon is satisfied by double bond. So
having no double bond is not true with
respect to them.

Q.21 Answer is “Unbranched, Branched, ringed”

Explanation: The fatty acids of animals
are saturated and unbranched, having
higher melting points. That is why these
are not advised to be taken in diet.
Whereas, the fatty acids of plants are
unsaturated branched or ringed, having
lower melting points and are advised to be
taken in diet.

ENZYMES

1. What is the biological molecule that catalyzes chemical

reactions?
a) Enzyme
b) Hormone
c) Vitamin
d) Mineral

2. Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of proteins?

a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Protease
d) Lactase

3. What is the active site of an enzyme?

a) The binding site for substrates
b) The site of enzyme inhibition
c) The site of enzyme activation
d) The site of protein degradation

4. Which type of enzyme catalyzes oxidation-reduction

reactions?
a) Oxidoreductase
b) Transferase
c) Hydrolase
d) Lyase

5. What is the term for the specific molecule that an enzyme

acts on?
a) Substrate
b) Inhibitor
c) Activator
d) Coenzyme

6. Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates?

a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Protease
d) Lactase

7. What is the process by which an enzyme binds to its

substrate?
a) Activation
b) Inhibition
c) Binding
d) Catalysis

8. Which type of enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a group from

one molecule to another?
a) Transferase
b) Oxidoreductase
c) Hydrolase
d) Lyase

9. What is the term for the enzyme that helps to speed up the
reaction?
a) Catalyst
b) Inhibitor
c) Activator
d) Substrate

10. Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of fats?

a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Protease
d) Lactase
11. What is the term for the study of enzymes?
a) Enzymology
b) Biochemistry
c) Molecular biology
d) Biophysics

12. Which type of enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of nucleic

acids?
a) Nuclease
b) Oxidoreductase
c) Transferase
d) Hydrolase

13. What is the term for the enzyme that helps to speed up the
reaction without being consumed by it?
a) Catalyst
b) Inhibitor
c) Activator
d) Substrate

14. Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into

peptides?
a) Protease
b) Peptidase
c) Amylase
d) Lipase
15. What is the term for the specific region on an enzyme where
the substrate binds?
a) Active site
b) Binding site
c) Inhibitory site
d) Activatory site

*ANSWER AND EXPLANATION

1. a) Enzyme: Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze

chemical reactions.

2. c) Protease: Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins

into smaller peptides and amino acids.

3. a) The binding site for substrates: The active site of an

enzyme is the region where the substrate binds, allowing the
enzyme to catalyze the chemical reaction.

4. a) Oxidoreductase: Oxidoreductases are enzymes that

catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, involving the transfer
of electrons from one molecule to another.

5. a) Substrate: The substrate is the specific molecule that an

enzyme acts on to catalyze a chemical reaction.

6. a) Amylase: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down

carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler
sugars.
7. c) Binding: The binding of an enzyme to its substrate is the
process by which the enzyme recognizes and attaches to the
substrate molecule.

8. a) Transferase: Transferases are enzymes that catalyze the

transfer of a group from one molecule to another, such as
amino groups or phosphate groups.

9. a) Catalyst: An enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical

reactions without being consumed by the reaction.

10. b) Lipase: Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats and

oils into fatty acids and glycerol.

11. a) Enzymology: Enzymology is the study of enzymes, their

structure, function, and role in biological processes.

12. a) Nuclease: Nucleases are enzymes that break down nucleic

acids, such as DNA and RNA, into smaller components.

13. a) Catalyst: An enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up

chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction.

14. a) Protease: Protease is an enzyme that breaks down

proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.

15. a) Active site: The active site of an enzyme is the specific

region where the substrate binds, allowing the enzyme to
catalyze the chemical reaction.
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Q.1 The cells of plants and animals can be distinguished by the

presence or absence of:
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell wall
D. Vacuole

Q.2 The components of cells including its organelles can be

separated by a process called:
A. Gel electrophoresis
B. X-rays diffraction
C. Cell fractionation
D. Homogenization

Q.3 A structure that is commonly present in both plant and

animal cells is:
A. Centriole
B. Peroxisomes
C. Glyoxysomes
D. Lysosome

Q.4 Which of the following structures is not found in an animal

cell?
A. Microbodies
B. Heterochromatin
C. Plasmodesmata
D. Microfilaments Explanation

Q.5is the smallest unit that can carry out all activities of life.
A. Biological molecule
B. Cell
C. Organelle
D. Organ

Q.6 Which of the following correctly orders the cellular

components by size from largest to smallest?
A. Nucleus, protein, ribosome, amino acid
C. Protein, nucleus, amino acid ribosome
B. Nucleus, ribosome, protein, amino acid
D. Amino acid, protein, ribosome, nucleus

Q.7 Most of the plant cells do not have:

A. Cell wall, nucleus & vacuole
B. Lysosome, peroxisomes & glyoxysomes C. Centriole,
cytoskeleton & peroxisomes
D. Flagellum, centriole & lysosome

Q.8 Phagocytosis is the common character of:

A. Plant cell
B. Animal cell
C. Bacterial cell
D. All A, B, C
9. A human cheek cell and a spongy mesophyll cell from a leaf
are examined under a microscope. The structures observed
common in both are:
A. Cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm B. Cytoplasm, cell
wall and cell membrane C. Cell wall, cell membrane and
nucleus
D. Nucleus, cytoplasm and cell wall

Q.10 Which of the following structures is not found in an

animal cell?
A. Microbodies
B. Heterochromatin
C. Plasmodesmata
D. Microfilaments

Q.11 In fungi, cell wall is composed of while in bacteria, it is

composed of , respectively.
A. Chitin, cellulose
B. Peptidoglycan, Murein
C. Chitin, murein D. Cellulose, pectin

Q.12 In cell wall,molecules are arranged in criss cross

arrangement.
A. Suberin
B. Cellulose
C. Lignin
D. Silica

Q.13 According to fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane,

protein molecules are:
 A. Sandwiched between lipid layers
B. Layered around lipids
C. Embedded like mosaic
D. Present only on surface of lipids

Q.14 Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse

through a lipid bilayer?
A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Sodium ions

Q.15is the outermost boundary of most of the plant cells.

A. Cell membrane
B. Capsule
C. Cell wall
D. Spore coat

Q.16 Movement of water molecules from high water potential

to low water potential across membrane is:
A. Diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active transport

Q.17 Uptake of glucose by a cell from blood is an example of:

A. Diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Endocytosis

18 Ribosomes found in a eukaryotic cell are:

A. 30S & 50S
B. 40S & 60S
C. 70S & 80S
D. 80S & 100S

19. Ribosomes are attached with:

A. Inner surface of RER
B. Cytoplasmic surface of RER
C. Inner surface of SER
D. Cytoplasmic surface of SER

20.Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein in:

A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 2:1
D. 3:1

Q.21 Endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened

membrane-bounded sacs which are named as:
A. Cristae
B. Elementary particles
C. Cisternae
D. Suicidal bags

Q.22 The cisternae break up to form Golgi vesicles from:

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Maturing face of Golgi complex
C. Forming face of Golgi complex
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Q.23 Cisternae stacks in Golgi apparatus are continuously

formed by the fusion of vesicles, which are probably derived by
the budding of:
A. SER
B. Lysosome
C. RER
D. Peroxisomes

Q.24 Glyoxylate cycle is associated with:

A. Lysosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Glyoxysomes
D. Ribosomes

Q.25 In plants,is the major contributor to the turgor that

provides support for the individual plant cell.
A. Nucleus
B. Cytoskeleton
C. Vacuole
D. Chloroplast

Q.26 A function of eukaryotic cell that occurs in cytoplasm:

A. Transcription
B. Glycosylation
C. Fermentation
D. Oxidative phosphorylation

Q.27 Mg+2 ions in ribosome control attachment of:

A. Smaller subunit with larger subunit
B. Amino-acyl-tRNA with smaller subunit
C. Smaller subunit with mRNA
D. Ribosome with RER

Q.28 In any cell, ribosomes can exist in all of the following

forms except:
A. Dispersed in cytoplasm
B. Attached with cell membrane
C. Attached with RER
D. Attached with Golgi bodies

Q.29 Which organelle covers main space of the cell?

A. Mitochondria
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Nucleolus
D. Plastids
Q.30 F1 particles are involved in:
A. Chemiosmosis
B. Fatty acid metabolism
C. Glycolysis
D. Krebs cycle

ANSWER KEY
1C. 2C. 3B. 4C. 5B. 6B. 7B. 8A.
9D. 10C. 11C. 12B. 13D. 14C.
15C. 16C. 17B. 18C. 19B. 20A.
21C. 22B .23A. 24B. 25C. 26C.
27C. 28A. 29D. 30B. 31A.

ACELLULAR LIFE

Q.1 Who discovered that the agents which caused tobacco

mosaic disease were filterable?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Charles Chamberland
C. Ivanowski
D. Stanley

Q.2 First virus which was purified and crystallized was:

A. Pox virus
B. Tobacco mosaic virus
C. Rabies virus
D. Bacteriophage
Q.3 These are non-cellular infectious entities which contain
either RNA or DNA:
A. Viroids
B. Prions
C. Viruses
D. Pathogens

Q.4 It gives definite shape to the virion:

A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Capsid
D. Envelope

Q.5 Viruses are:

A. Facultative intercellular parasites B. Obligate
intercellular parasites
C. Facultative intracellular parasites
D. Obligate intracellular parasites

Q.6 Chemically viruses are:

A. Nucleo-histone
B. Ribonucleoprotein
C. Nucleoprotein
D. Glycoprotein

Q.7 Number of capsomeres in capsid of herpes virus is:

A. 152 B. 162
C. 252 D. 262

Q.8 It is the essential component all the viruses:

A. Nucleocapsid
B. Envelope
C. Head
D. Tail

Q.9 A chemical component that is found in all viruses is:

A. RNA
B. DNA
C.Lipid
D. Protein

Q.10 The most common classification for viruses is on base of:

A. Host
B. Morphology
C. Nucleic acid properties
D. Envelop

Q.11 Bacteriophages are similar to fungi:

A. In having cell wall
B. In having RNA as genetic material
C. Mode of reproduction
D. In having DNA as genetic material

Q.12 The common host for T4 phage is:

A. Mycoplasma
B. Pneumococcus
C. Escherichia coli
D. Vibrio cholera

Q.13 The phage which causes lysis of the host cell is known as:
A. Temperate phage
B. Lysogenic phage
C. Virulent phage
D. Non-virulent phage

Q.14 Penetration of bacteriophage into bacterial cell is mainly

due to lysozyme. This enzyme breaks bonds in:
A. Proteins of capsule
B. Peptidoglycan of cell wall
C. Polysaccharides of slime
D. Lipoproteins of cell membrane

Q.15 It is also called as infusion hepatitis:

A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis D

Q.16 Acute attacks of hepatitis B cause:

A. Insomnia, chronic liver disease
B. Fatigue, loss of appetite and jaundice
C. Loss of immune functions
D. Loss of immune functions
Q.17 Which phenomenon of HIV life cycle occurs in host
nucleus?
A. Penetration
B. Reverse transcription
C. Assembly
D. Integration

Q.18 All of the following chemical components are found in

mature HIV except:
A. RNA B. Lipids
C. Proteins D. DNA

Q.19 Which process or step in HIV life cycle does not occur in
cytoplasm?
A. Uncoiling
B. Reverse transcription
C. Transcription
D. Assembly

Q.20 An AIDS patient can suffer from:

A. Immune deficiency
B. Tumor production
C. Opportunistic infections
D. All A, B, C

Q.21 What is true about pleomorphic bacteria?

A. All are autotrophs
B. Have spherical shape
C. Only seen in one shape
D. Exist in variety of shapes

Q.22 It is a cube of eight cocci with three planes of division:

A. Tetrad
B. Sarcina
C. Streptococcus
D. Staphylococcus

Q.23 The smallest known bacteria are:

A. Mycoplasma
B. E. coli
C. Spirochete
D. Pneumococci

Q.24 Bacilli are rod shaped bacteria and divide in:

A. One plane
B. Two planes
C. Three planes
D. Random planes

Q.25 The smallest known bacterium is without:

A. Cell wall
B. Cytoplasmic matrix
C. DNA
D. Ribosomes
Q.26 It determines shape of bacterium:
A. Cell membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Capsule
D. Slime

Q.27 Cell wall of archaebacteria does not contain:

A. Proteins
B. Peptidoglycan
C. Glycoproteins
D. Polysaccharides

Q.28 Following is the diagram of bacteria, identify the structure

from 1 to 4:
A: Chromatin body. 2. Cell wall, 3: Flagella, 4: Capsule
B: Chromatin body, 1: Cell wall, 4: Flagella, 3: Capsule
C: Chromatin body, 2: Cell wall, 1: Flagella, 3: Capsule
D: Chromatin body, 2: Cell wall, 4: Flagella, 3: Capsule

Q.29 Strengthening material of bacterial cell wall is:

A. Cutin
B. Murein
C. Sterol
D. Lignin

Q.30 Bacterial cell wall is responsible for:

A. Respiratory metabolism
 B. Control of transport
C. Prevention of osmotic lysis
D. Formation of mesosomes

Q.31 These bacteria very rarely have flagella:

A. Cocci
B. Bacilli
C. Spirilla
D. Spirochete

Q.32 These are more resistant to unfavorable environmental

conditions as compared to others:
A. Capsule
B. Spore
C. Cyst
D. Plasmid

Q.33 Outer membrane is found in and made of

A. Gram+ve, Lipo-proteins
B. Gram+ve, Lipo-polysaccharides
C. Gram-ve, Lipo-proteins
D. Gram-ve, Lipo-polysaccharides

Q.34 CV-I complex is retained during Gram staining in:

A. Mycoplasmas
B. Gram positive
C. Gram negative
D. Archeobacteria
Q.35 A cell wall component that is absent in gram negative
bacteria:
A. Lipopolysaccharides
B. Lipoprotein
C. Peptidoglycan
D. Techoic acid

Q.36 It causes destruction of all life forms:

A. Sterilization
B. Disinfection
C. Antisepsis
D. Immunization

Q.37 Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit

growth of microorganisms are called:
A. Preservatives
B. Antiseptics
C. Disinfectants
D. Vaccines

Q.38 Dry heat causes killing of germs by:

A. Coagulation of their proteins
B. Neutralization of their toxins
C. Oxidation of their chemicals
D. Inhibition of their enzymes

Q.39 Heat sensitive compounds like antibiotics, seras &

hormones can be sterilized by means of:
A. Moist heat
B. Radiations
C. Membrane filters
D. Antiseptics

Q.40 Halogens, phenols, hydrogen peroxide and potassium

permanganate are examples of:
A. Preservatives
B. Disinfectants
C. Antiseptics
D. Chemotherapeutic agents

ANSWER KEY
1C. 2B. 3C. 4C. 5A.
6A. 7D. 8A. 9D. 10C

11D. 12C. 13C. 14B. 15C.

16B. 17D. 18D. 19C. 20D.

21D. 22B. 23A. 24A. 25A.

26B. 27B. 28A. 29B. 30C.

31A. 32B. 33D. 34B. 35D.

36A. 37B. 38C. 39C. 40B.
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