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AJAX

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20 views8 pages

AJAX

notes

Uploaded by

anujgarg11a14044
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is AJAX?

AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.

AJAX is not a programming language.

AJAX just uses a combination of:

● A browser built-in XMLHttpRequest object (to request data from a web


server)
● JavaScript and HTML DOM (to display or use the data)

AJAX is a misleading name. AJAX applications might use XML to transport data,
but it is equally common to transport data as plain text or JSON text.

AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with


a web server behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of
a web page, without reloading the whole page.
How AJAX Works

● 1. An event occurs in a web page (the page is loaded, a button is clicked)


● 2. An XMLHttpRequest object is created by JavaScript
● 3. The XMLHttpRequest object sends a request to a web server
● 4. The server processes the request
● 5. The server sends a response back to the web page
● 6. The response is read by JavaScript
● 7. Proper action (like page update) is performed by JavaScript
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<div id="result"> hello world</div>
<button onclick="fetchData()">Fetch data</button>
<script>
function fetchData()
{
const xhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onload=function()
{
document.getElementById('result').innerHTML=this.responseText;
}
xhttp.open('get',file.txt,true);
xhttp.send();
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

or
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<div id="demo">

<h1>The XMLHttpRequest Object</h1>

<button type="button" onclick="loadDoc()">Change Content</button>

</div>

<script>

function loadDoc() {

var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {

if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =

this.responseText;

}};

xhttp.open("GET", "file.txt", true);

xhttp.send();

}</script>

</body>

</html>
The XMLHttpRequest Object
All modern browsers support the XMLHttpRequest object.

The XMLHttpRequest object can be used to exchange data with a server behind
the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page,
without reloading the whole page.

Create an XMLHttpRequest Object


All modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, IE7+, Edge, Safari Opera) have a built-in
XMLHttpRequest object.

Syntax for creating an XMLHttpRequest object:


variable = new XMLHttpRequest();

Example
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();

XMLHttpRequest Object Methods

Method Description

new XMLHttpRequest() Creates a new XMLHttpRequest object

abort() Cancels the current request


getAllResponseHeaders() Returns header information

getResponseHeader() Returns specific header information

open(method,url,async,user,psw Specifies the request


)
method: the request type GET or POST
url: the file location
async: true (asynchronous) or false
(synchronous)
user: optional user name
psw: optional password

send() Sends the request to the server


Used for GET requests

send(string) Sends the request to the server.


Used for POST requests

setRequestHeader() Adds a label/value pair to the header to be


sent
XMLHttpRequest Object Properties

Property Description

onreadystatechange Defines a function to be called when the readyState


property changes

readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.


0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready

responseText Returns the response data as a string

responseXML Returns the response data as XML data

status Returns the status-number of a request


200: "OK"
403: "Forbidden"
404: "Not Found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages
Reference
statusText Returns the status-text (e.g. "OK" or "Not Found")

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