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Reliability-Based Design (RBD) : Solution

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21 views4 pages

Reliability-Based Design (RBD) : Solution

3331ds

Uploaded by

noureddine.rhayma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reliability-Based Design (RBD)

A cantilever beam is subjected to two random forces 𝑃𝑥 ~𝑁(500,1002 ) lb and 𝑃𝑦 ~𝑁(500,1002 )


N at the tip as shown. The yield stress is 𝑆𝑦 ~𝑁(40 × 103 , (2 × 103 )2 ) psi, the Young’s Modulus
is 𝐸~𝑁(29 × 106 , (3 × 106 )2 ) psi, and the allowable deflection is 𝑑0 = 2.5 in. The length of the
beam is a random variable with 𝐿~𝑁(𝜇𝐿 , 0.12 ) in. Given the minimum probabilities of 10−3 for
failure modes of excessive normal stress and excessive deflection, find the optimal solution so
that the volume of the beam is minimized. The ranges of the beam size are given by 1 in ≤
𝑏, ℎ ≤ 20 in and 50 in ≤ 𝜇𝐿 ≤ 100 in.

h
b

Solution
The design variable are 𝐝 = (b, h) and 𝐗 = (𝐿); the objective function is 𝑓(𝑏, ℎ, 𝜇𝐿 ) = 𝑏ℎ𝜇𝐿 .
The random parameters are 𝐏 = (𝑃𝑥 , 𝑃𝑦 , 𝑆𝑦 , 𝐸). There are two failure modes. For the failure
mode of excessive stress, the limit-state function is given by
6𝐿 𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦
𝐺1 = ( + ) − 𝑆𝑦 ≤ 0
𝑏ℎ 𝑏 ℎ
For the failure mode of excessive deflection, the limit-state function is given by

4𝐿3 𝑃𝑥 2 𝑃𝑦 2
𝐺2 = 𝑑0 − √( ) + ( 3) ≤ 0
𝐸 𝑏3 ℎ 𝑏ℎ
All the information we know are listed below.
𝑃𝑥 ~𝑁(500,1002 ) lb
𝑃𝑦 ~𝑁(500,1002 ) lb
𝑆𝑦 ~𝑁(40 × 103 , (2 × 103 )2 ) psi
𝐸~𝑁(29 × 106 , 3 × 106 ) psi
𝐿~𝑁(𝜇𝐿 , 0.12 ) in
𝑑0 = 2.5 in
1 in ≤ 𝑏 ≤ 20 in, 1 in ≤ ℎ ≤ 20 in, 50 in ≤ 𝜇𝐿 ≤ 100 in
[𝑅1 ] = [𝑅2 ] = 0.999, or [𝑝𝑓1 ] = [𝑝𝑓2 ] = 0.001
In order to find the optimal solution, we minimize 𝑓(𝑑, ℎ, 𝜇𝐿 ) with two reliability constraints.
The optimization model is given by
min
⏟ 𝑓 = 𝑏ℎ𝜇𝐿
𝐷𝑉=(𝑏,ℎ, 𝜇𝐿 )
6𝐿 𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦
Pr {𝐺1 = ( + ) − 𝑆𝑦 ≤ 0} ≤ [𝑝𝑓1 ]
𝑏ℎ 𝑏 ℎ
4𝐿3 𝑃𝑥 2 𝑃𝑦 2
Pr {𝐺2 = 𝑑0 − √ ( 3 ) + ( 3 ) ≤ 0 } ≤ [𝑝𝑓1 ]
𝐸 𝑏 ℎ 𝑏ℎ
1 ≤ 𝑏 ≤ 20
1 ≤ ℎ ≤ 20
{50 ≤ 𝜇𝐿 ≤ 100
The First Order Second Moment method (FOSM) is used for reliability analysis, and Matlab is
used to solve the optimization model. The optimal solution is as follows:
Design variables: (𝑏, ℎ, 𝜇𝐿 ) = (1.95,3.09,50) in
Objective function: 𝑓(𝑏, ℎ, 𝜇𝐿 ) = 301.67 in2
Probability of failure for failure mode 1: 𝑝𝑓1 = 0.001
Probability of failure for failure mode 2: 𝑝𝑓2 = 0
The compare RBD with deterministic optimization (only mean values are used), we give the
results from both methods in the following table.

The Matlab codes are given below.


1) Main function
% Main program of RDB for a cantilever beam
% Xiaoping Du, Missouri S&T, 04/10/2017

clear all; warning off;


%----------------------- Reliability-Based Design---------------
dv0 = [2.0,3.0,40.0]; % dvs=[b,h,uL]
dvl = [1.0,1.0,50.0]; % lower bounds of dvs
dvu = [20.0,20.0,100.0]; % upper bounds of dvs
required_pf(1:2) = 0.001; % Required probabilities of failure
options = optimset('Display','iter','MaxFunEvals',1000); %
Display convergence history
dv =
fmincon('rbd_obj_fun',dv0,[],[],[],[],dvl,dvu,'rbd_con_fun',opti
ons,required_pf);
%obj_fun: function for objective
%con_fun: function for constraints

%Posterior analysis
obj = rbd_obj_fun(dv);
[g,ceq] = rbd_con_fun(dv,required_pf); %g=pf-required_pf
pf = g+required_pf;
%Display the results
disp('------------------RBD Results-------------------');
disp(['The optimal point = ',num2str(dv)]);
disp (['The objective function = ',num2str(obj)]);
for i = 1:2
disp(['Probability of failure mode ',num2str(i),' = ',...
num2str(pf(i))]);
end

2) Objective function
%Objective function
function f = rbd_obj_fun(dv,required_pf)
%dvs=[b,h,uL]
f = dv(1)*dv(2)*dv(3); %Volume

3) Constraint function
% Constraint functions
% FOSM is used to calculate the probability of failure
function [g,ceq] = rbd_con_fun(dv,required_pf)
ceq = []; %No equality constraints
%d=(b,h), X=(L), P=(Px,Py,S,E)
%dv=[b,h,uL];
b = dv(1); h = dv(2); L = dv(3);
Px = 500; Py = 1000; S = 4.0e4; E = 29.0e6; %Mean
sL = 0.1; sPx = 100; sPy = 100; sS = 2.0e3; sE = 3.0e6; %Std
%Calculate mean of g
ug1 = S-6*L/b/h*(Px/b+Py/h);
ug2 = 2.5-4*L^3/E*((Px/b^3/h)^2+(Py/b/h^3)^2)^0.5;
%Calculate std of g
dg1dL = 6/b/h*(Px/b+Py/h);
dg1dPx = 6*L/b/h/b;
dg1dPy = 6*L/b/h/h;
dg1dE = 0;
dg1dS = 1;
dg2dL = -12*L^2/E*(Px^2/b^6/h^2+Py^2/b^2/h^6)^(1/2);
dg2dPx = -4*L^3/E/(Px^2/b^6/h^2+Py^2/b^2/h^6)^(1/2)*Px/b^6/h^2;
dg2dPy = -4*L^3/E/(Px^2/b^6/h^2+Py^2/b^2/h^6)^(1/2)*Py/b^2/h^6;
dg2dE = 4*L^3/E^2*(Px^2/b^6/h^2+Py^2/b^2/h^6)^(1/2);
dg2dS = 0;
stdg1 =
((dg1dL*sL)^2+(dg1dPx*sPx)^2+(dg1dPy*sPy)^2+(dg1dE*sE)^2+(dg1dS*
sS)^2)^0.5;
stdg2 =
((dg2dL*sL)^2+(dg2dPx*sPx)^2+(dg2dPy*sPy)^2+(dg2dE*sE)^2+(dg2dS*
sS)^2)^0.5;
%Calculate reliability
pf(1) = normcdf(-ug1/stdg1);
pf(2) = normcdf(-ug2/stdg2);
%Constraints
g(1) = pf(1)-required_pf(1); %Matlab uses g<=0
g(2) = pf(2)-required_pf(2);

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