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Exp Gas Diffusion

Gas Diffusion

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abdafmdr
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13 views16 pages

Exp Gas Diffusion

Gas Diffusion

Uploaded by

abdafmdr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim:

To calculate of diffusivity of the vapor of volatile


component in air, We use ‘Winklemann’s
method’ which contained in thin diameter
vertical(T - shaped tube) at constant temperature
and the air stream is passed over the top of the
tube to ensure that the partial pressure of the
vapor is transferred from the surface of the liquid
to the air stream by molecular diffusion
 Rate of diffusion is given by
J= - D (∂C/∂X)
 where
 J = diffusion flux across unit area to the x-direction (right side),
mol/cm2s.
 D = diffusivity, cm2/s.
 (∂C/∂X)= concentration gradient in the x-direction , cm mol/cm3.
 (- ) The negative sign indicates that flow is from high to low
concentration.
 The relation between the measured molar transfer rate per
unit area ), the partial pressure gradient and the diffusion (D) is
deduced based on the following
 The rate of mass transfer is given by the following equation

 Considering the evaporation of the liquid :

 Thus:
 Integration and putting L=L0 at t0=0
𝑳 𝒕
‫𝑳 ׬‬ 𝒅𝒍 = ‫𝟎׬‬
𝑳𝟎
 Where:
 M = molecular weight (kg / mol)
 t = time (s)
 D = Diffusivity (m² /sec)
 CA = Saturation concentration at interface (Kmol/m³)
 L = effective distance of mass transfer (mm)
 CBm = logarithmic mean molecular concentration of vapor(kmol/m3)
 CT = total molar concentration = CA + CBm (kmol / m3)
 ρL =density of liquid.
𝜌𝐿 𝐶𝐵𝑚
 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝 =
2𝑀𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝑇
1 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑠
 𝐶𝑇 = 𝑚3
×
22.414 ( ) 𝑇𝑎
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
 CB1= CT
𝑃𝑎 –𝑃𝑣
 𝐶𝐵2 = 𝐶𝑇
𝑃𝑎
(𝐶𝐵1 – 𝐶𝐵2)
 𝐶𝐵𝑚 =
𝑙𝑛(𝐶𝐵1/ 𝐶𝐵2)
𝑃𝑣
 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐶𝑇
𝑃𝑎

 In this case prove (DAB=DBA )


Description Of Apparatus
Pre-experiment procedures

1. Read and understand the theory of gas diffusion .


2. Read and understand the equipment used in the
experiment
3. Read the safety precautions before conducting the
experiment .
4. Prepare the materials needed for the experiment .
PROCEDURE

before begin the procedure of experiment must set up the


temperature controller at 50 C0 to prevent acetone from boiling.

✓ Partially fill the capillary tube with Acetone to a depth of approximately 35mm.
✓ Remove top from metal fitting. Carefully insert capillary tube through the rubber ring, inside
the metal nut until the top of the tube rests on the top of the nut. Gently screw this assembly
onto the top of the plate, with the “T” piece.
✓ adjust the microscope lens to within 20-30mm from the tank ,the vertical height of the
microscope until the capillary tube is visible,
✓ and decrease the distance between microscope lens and tank if the capillary tube is not
clear
✓ Connect the tube of pump to one end of the “T” piece and turn on
it.
✓ When looking to capillary tube by microscope image will be upside
down, so that the bottom of the tube is at the top of the image.
✓ Record the level of acetone inside capillary tube at t= 0min.
✓ After 5 minutes record the level of acetone at the table below and
complete until reach t=30min .
✓ At the end of experiment Switch off apparatus & pump.
✓ Clean the “T” tube and all tools which used in the experiment .
Results &Calculation
Time(mint) L ( cm) L0 - L (cm) t/(L0 – L)
(s/cm)
0 5 0.00 0
5 4.7 0.3 1000
10 4.5 0.5 1200
15 4.3 0.7 1286
20 4,1 0.9 1333
25 4 1 1500
30 3.85 1.15 1565
1800
1600
1400
1200
t/(L0 – L) , s/mm

1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

L0 - L (cm)
Sample Calculations
𝑡 𝜌𝐿 𝐶𝐵𝑚 𝜌𝐿 𝐶𝐵𝑚
 = 𝐿 − 𝐿0 + 𝐿0
𝐿−𝐿0 2𝑀𝐷 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝑇 𝑀𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝑇
𝜌𝐿 𝐶𝐵𝑚
 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
2𝑀𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝑇
 Slope= 626.75 × 104 sec/m2
1 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑠
◦ 𝐶𝑇 = 𝑚3
×
22.414 (𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙) 𝑇𝑎

◦ CT = kmol/m³
◦ M = 58.08 kg/kgmol (for acetone)
◦ Saturation pressure of acetone at 323 K is Pv = 56 kpa
Atmospheric pressure
= Pa = 101.3 kpa

• CA = kmol/m³
CA = (pv/pa)/CT • ρL = 790 kg/m³
• CB1 = CT kmol/m³

CB2 = [(pa – pv)/pa]×CT


• CB2 = kmol/m³

CBm = (CB1 – CB2)/ln(CB1/ CB2) • CBm = kmol/m³


D = (ρL ×
CBm)/(2×Mw×CA×CT×Slope)

Diffusivity of acetone in air is (D) = m2/sec

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