Real Number

SM14103 MATHEMATICS I
 identify the set of real number and describe
the properties of real number
 solve the equation using axiom of real number
 solve the inequalities and absolute of real
number using axioms
 solve equation consisting of combined
operations using properties of real number.

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3.1 Types of Number & The Real Line
3.2 Real Numbers Axiom & Properties of
Real Numbers
3.3 Interval, Inequalities & The Absolute
Value of Real Numbers

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  define number
systems based on
those numbers that
anyone is familiar
In this with: the natural
chapter, numbers.
define - the 'real
you will 
numbers' and
establish their
most important
properties.
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Numbers are classified according to type, such as :
 Natural Number
 Whole Number
 Integer Number
 Rational Number
 Prime Number
 Even Number
 Odd Number
 Square Number
 Real Number
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Natural Number, 
 is the number that we use in
calculation process.
Whole Number, 
 Also known as
 “The Counting Number”. is natural numbers
together with “zero”.
  = { 1, 2, 3, … }
 = { 0, 1, 2, 3, … }

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 Integer Number,  Rational Number, 
is whole numbers plus is a number that can be
negatives numbers. expressed as a fraction a/b,
where a and b are integers and
b≠0.
The set of integers does not
include any fractions A rational number a/b is said to
numbers. have numerator a and
denominator b.
 = { …, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, … }
 = { a/b | a, b ∈  , b≠0 }

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 Properties of Rational Numbers:
Density  Inadequacy of 
  is everywhere dense  Even though  everywhere
on the number line. dense, there are points on the
 States that between any number line which can not be
two different rational represented by any rational
numbers there exists numbers and known as irrational
another rational number. number, .
 In other words, if x, y ∈  Irrational numbers are numbers
 and x<y, that can be written as decimal
 then z = (x + y)/2 ∈  expansions that neither terminate
nor become periodic.
and x < z < y.
 For example :
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 Prime Number, 
is a number that has two, Even Number, 
and only two, factors (can
be divided exactly only by is an integer of the form
itself and 1). m=2n, where n ∈ .
there are no primes
among rational, real, or
complex numbers unless,  = { …, -4, -2, 2, 4 … }
of course, they are also
integers.
 = { 2, 3, 5, … }
Note that : Positive integers other than 1 which are
not prime number are called composite numbers.
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Odd Number,  Square Number, 
is an integer of the form is a figurate number of the
k = 2l + 1, where l ∈ . form n= n2, where n ∈ .

 = { …, -3, -1, 1, 3 … } Also known as a perfect

 = { 1, 4, 9, 16, … }

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 To show the relationships of the sets ,
Real Number,  , , and , we write ⊂⊂⊂.
consists of rational
number, and irrational
numbers (all possible
distances on the
number line).
These numbers may be
positive, zero, or
negative.
Real numbers also can
be represented by
infinite decimals.
The set of all real numbers consists of rational
numbers plus the set of irrational numbers.
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The Real Line
represented geometrically by a point on a line.
defined as a line with a fixed scale.
corresponds to a unique point on the line.
also known as “The Number Line”.

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 List the elements of each set and graph each set on a number line.
a) 𝑢𝑢|𝑢𝑢 is odd number between 2 and 6
b) 𝑚𝑚|𝑚𝑚 is natural number less than 4

Solution :

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Real Numbers Axiom

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Properties of Real Numbers -
All the axioms can imply the
following statements:

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10 minutes break

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Interval the set of real numbers that lie
the set of real numbers between two real numbers, called
that lie between two real endpoints of the interval.
numbers, called ( ) : to indicate that the endpoints do
endpoints of the interval. not belong to the interval
( ) : to indicate that the
endpoints do not belong
to the interval [ ] : the endpoints do belong to the
interval.
[ ] : the endpoints do
belong to the interval.
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Types of interval :

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Note That :
 The intersection of two intervals is the set of real
numbers that belong to both intervals.

 The union of two intervals is the set of real numbers

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3.3 :

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Inequality
is a statement that shows the relationship between two (or more)
expressions with one of the following five signs:

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Some properties of inequalities:

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Some properties of inequalities (cont.):

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Some properties of inequalities (cont.):

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Some properties of
inequalities (cont.)

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Absolute Value
is the distance from that number to the origin (zero) on the number
line.
that distance is always given as a non-negative number.

By definition :

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Some properties of absolute value:

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(End of Chapter 3 - Real Number)