Matrices Fastracl« Revision > Arectangular array of mn numbers arranged in m rows and ‘ncolumns is called a matrix of order m xn. The numbers are called the elements or entries ofthe matrix. > The element of throw and jthcolumnis representedby ay > Two matrices are said to be equal, if the order of two matrices Is equal and corresponding elements are also equal > Aimatrix having the same number of rows and columns is called a square matrix. > A square matrix in which every non-diagonal element is zero, is called a diagonal matrix. >» A square matrix in which every non-diagonal element is 0 and every diagonal element is 1 is called an identity or unit matrix >A square matrix A=[oj] Is sald to be upper triangular matrix, fay =0V I>. >A square matrix matrix, fay=0 V i IF Aand B are two matrices of same order, then thelr sum (448) is 2 matrix of same order which Is obtained by adding the corresponding elements of Aand 8. > IF A and B are two matrices of same order, then their difference (4~ 8) is equal to A¥-(-8), Le, sum of matrix A and the matrix(-8). » The product ABof two matrices Aand can be determined only when number of columns in matrix A= number of rows In column > IF A and are square matrices of the same order, say‘, then both the product A8.and BA are defined and each is 3 square matrix of order‘. >In the matrix product AB, the matrix A is called presmultiplier (pre-factor) and 8 is called post-multiplier (bostfacton) > Properties of Matrix Multiplication () A864 (iy A(aC)=(48)C (i) Ala + )=aa+ AC (aj) is sald to be lower triangular (iv) (As aC: (v) Al=A=la » The matrix obtained by interchanging rows into columns and columns into rows of matrix Als called the transpose matrix of matrix A, denoted by 4" or 4. > IF the order of matrix A Is ma, then order of 4” =nxm > Some Results on Transpose of Matrices OaY=a (i) (A+ 8)" =A" 4 8" (i) (ay? = kar (iv) (a0) = 874", > A square matrix of order a xn is sald to be orthogonal, IF Aah = AA > Asquare matrix Als said to be symmetric matrly if A” =A » IF Aand Bare symmetric matrices of the same order, then the product Bis symmetric, iff @A= AB, > A square matrix Als sald to be skew-symmetric matriy, IF Aan, » Allelements of main dlagonal of a skew-symmetric matrix >» Every square matrix can be expressed uniquely asa sum of ‘a symmetric anda skew-symmetric matrices, IF Als square matrix, then A=P + Q; where, P=3(A4-A") 1+ BC (where kis a constant) Is asymmetricmatrix and: (aa castewsymmetie mate, » A square matrix A of order m is called invertible, if there exists a square matrix B of order m such that AB = BA=q Alco, Bs called the inverse matrix of Aand ls denoted by ee >» The inverse of every invertible matrix Is unique. > IF Aand Bare two invertible square matrices of same order, then (Ay 9B RQ Practice Exercise ~@ Multiple choice Questions 01. The number of all possible matrices of order 2x 3 with each entry tor 2is: (COSE 2021 Trm-) ale 64 be 4.24 0.2. IfA= (0, Jis a square matrix of order 2 such that 4, when j wen, enc (Ose Sap 2023-24, 21 Term-1,€0SE2023) hd bd bal shi] then A? is:93. a8 a6. a7. 98 a9. gro, an. Amatrix. [05 ]5us is defined by: +3), ] ‘The number of elements in A which are more than (case 2021 Term-1) (cose 2023) axely=2 cxely if aD! a= ae =| <3 |, then the value of Se-d 4c+3d} [11 2 a+b—c42d is: (cAS€SQp 2021 Teew-1) a8 b.10 ca d-8 02) aaa]? 3 HAs], _4|andiA=| 24|:then the values of k,a and b respectively are: (case Sop 2021 Term-1) a6 12-18 bb -4-8 849 4-6 218 o be = meprodua| | eg] ents: rh als ff (cese 2023) [+8 0 pflerbr o a at?] "llorbr a+b? O a0 0 es 4 [Piro] fos] 1 oO], [x o wanl) tpee[ G]onea 2% en xequts: Be Ad (CBSE 2023) ast ba a a2 vad’ #92 0-1) .[! Asli 2 Bs), ft C2) and 4 154%) D=|**5 "such that @4~36)¢ =, then x = a3 be ew 1 4 4) 6 it |o 2 ally|-fs) then the value of 0 0 i}lz} [2 Oxy): (cose 2023) al b.2 3 5 ‘ tela] 5-31] y|=0, then x 5y ~Bets: 5 J ar aed qi. qi, ou. 16. a16. qv. 18. 18. 920. well] ne att tn equal to: a0 bint 4 and not 1 dtar4 If for a square matrix A, A—A+1=0, then A* equals: (cBse 2023) aa bas cI-A dA-I a bi If the matrix is commutative with the cd at : er mmatrin] {} ten: ao=0. ce=Od bb=0 d.d=0. If a matrix A=[1 2 3], then the matrix AA’ (where sthewospse eA: stn) : : i 0 wal’ B Jonaat =3, then: 1 (CBSE SQp 2021 Term-1) bina? py 3+? +Br If matrices A and 8 are of order 3m and mx5 respectively, then the order of matrix C =54+38 is: (CBSE SQp 2023 Term-1) a3xSandmen b.3x8 3x8 5x5 ‘Matrix A has m rows and (a +5)columns, matrix B ‘has m rows and (14 ~n) columns. If both AB and BA exists, then: a. ABand BA are square matrices b. AB and BA are of orders 8x8 and 3x13 respectively c AB=BA dd. None of the above fA is 3% 4 matrix and B Is a matrix such that A’B and BA are both defined, then the order of matrix Bis (case 2023) a3e4 baa cad axa o1t For the matrix X=|1 0 1),(X7=X)is: 110 (c0SE 2021 Term) a2l bal cl d5lgz. q22. 923. 924. 925. 926. qa. 928. 929. 1 H Usp -3 4, vepixee 23) and 1) 2 Y =| 2| then the value of UV + XV is: 4] a20 b(-20) c-20 © d[20) waa[t Sf tenet nage a2 ba 1008 4.2994 10 “14 ; wasaelt Jonca-aneie Laat (case 2020) int oD 1 ipl “ah | 5x al ‘| and A=AT, where AT is the transpose of the matrix A, then: (case 2023) bxsy dx. famatrix Ais both symmetric and skew-symmetric, then Ais necessarily a/an: (NcERT EXEMPLAR; CBSE2021 Term-1) a. diagonal matrix . zero square matrix square matrix diidentity matrix y=0 If A and 8 are symmetric matrices of the same order, then: a. Bis a symmetric matrix b.A~Bisa skew-symmetric matrix ©. AB + BAls a symmetric matrhx d, A —BAls a symmetric matrlx fa square matrix A=[a, ],0, =/7 ~ j? is of even order, then: a. Ais a skew-symmetric matrix b. Als asymmetric matrix Both a and b. d. Als neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric weal £7i]eesrmmti mati WKtB x42 xe a4 ba ny 4.3 IFA and B are symmetric matrices and AB =BA, then A~tBis asymmetric matrhx b. skewesymmetric matrix unit matrix 4d. None of the above 930. gan. a2. 933. 934. 035. 936. 97. 038, 933, 40. If A=[ay lis a skew-symmetric matrix of order 1, ther (CBSE SQP 2022-23) aay ly 16081 cq =Owherei={ d.a4#O.wherei=/ If A is square matrix such that A? =A, then U+A)3-7 Ais equal to: (cost Sop 2021 Term-1) aA bItA cI-A dd If A is a square matrix and A7=A, then (+A)? ~3Ais equal to: (cose 2023) al ba c2a 43 IFA? 2A, then (1+ A)* is equal to: alsa bla aa CI+15A 4. None of these IfA¥ =O, then A? +A+/= ai-A bay? Isa cata Bt IfAB=Aand BA = 8, then A? +B? is equal to: aAse b.a-a c2A+8 None of these FA and B are square matrices of size mx n such that A? ~ B? = (A~B) (A+B), then which of the following will be always true? a. Elther A or Bisa zero matrix b Either A or Bisan Identity matrix cAsB .AB=BA If A,B are non-singular square matrices of the same order, then (AB“')"* = (cesesp 2022-23) aap bate cea d. AB 41 -1 0} 202 Wael? 3 4fande|-4 2-4 hen 012) laas valep bateee cotee detec 200 The inverse ofthe matin X=|0.3.ofis 004 (CSE 2021 Torm-1) fied bzfo 10 loo v20 0 ao v3 0 oo V4.correct. 945. 946. a7. 0 1 2) 4/2 -1/2 1/2 gai if A=|1 2 3| and A* =| -4 3 ch 3a 1) 5/2 -3/2 1/2 then the values of a and care: au ba clz au (042. IFA and B are square matrices of the same order and AB=3i, then A“ is equal to: 1 38 bye 4 let cae! ape (943. IFA and B are square matrices of the same order such that (A + B) (A~ 8) =A? ~ 8, then (ABA™*)? is equal to: ag bd Ae? aa 44. fA? -A+/=0, then the inverse of A al-A DA-I cA das ‘D Assertion & Reason type Questions Directions (Q. Nos. 45-56): in the following questions, each question contains Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Each question hhas 4 choices (a), (6), (¢) and (A) out of which only one is The choices are 2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of ‘Assertion (A) b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (A) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) Assertion (A) Is true but Reason (R) Is false d. Assertion (A) Is false and Reason (R) is true Assertion (A): Matrix 33,ay =-— cannot be 72] expressed as a sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Reason (R): Matrix 3% 3,ay is neither 42] symmetric nor skew-symmetric. i ies 0; ie] where, k is a scalar, is an identity matrix when ket, Reason (R): Every identity matrix is not a scalar matrix. set Sr atic =, 300 Assertion (A);|0 4 lisa diagonal matrix, 007, Reason (R): A= [ay]is a square matrix such that 4, =0¥ i j,then Ais called diagonal matrix, gas. 94s. 60. gst. Qs2. 63. 984. 955. 966. 2 3] _ Baw B= [by ]s,.. isarow matrix, then its order is 1x n. Asse nA): IF he wove ‘d x=2,y =2,2=-Sandw=4 Reason (R}:Two matrices are equal are same and their corresponding elements are equal. Assertion (A): The product of two diagonal matrices of order 3x 3is also a diagonal matrix. Reason (R): Matrix multiplication is always ‘non-commutative. Let A be a square matrix of order 3 satisfying AA =I. Assertion (A): A'= A“ Reason (R): (AB) =B A. Assertion (A): Let A =o, ]be an mx n matrix and O bean mx n zero matrix, then A+O=0+A=A. In other words, O is the additive identity for matrix addition. Reason (R): Let A=[a Jp, be any matrix, then we have another matrix as ~A=[-2, Jm,q such that A+(-A)=(-A)+A=0. Then, -A is the additive inverse of A or negative of A ‘Assertion (A): For multiplication of two matrices A and B, the number of colurmns in A should be less than the number of rows in B. Reason (R): For getting the elements of the product matrix, we take rows of A and columns of 8, multiply them elementwise and take the sum. 23) [1 0 seston Ae 3] ofS 9) en (A+ 8) 2A? +B? +288, Reason (R): For the matrices A and B given in ‘Assertion (A), AB =BA. aft? 2 Assertion (A): fH A=z|-2 1 2) then 2 =2 4] AQT) =I. Reason (R):For any square matrix A, (AT) =A For any square matrix A with real number entries, consider the following statements: Assertion (A): A+ A’is a symmetric matrix. Reason (R):A~A'isa skew-symmetric matrixCase Study 1 ‘A manufacturer produces three stationery products pencil, eraser and sharpener which he sells in two markets. Annual sale is mentioned below: Products (in numbers) Market Pena | Eraser | Sharpener x 15000 | 6,000 8,000 y 900 | 17.000 | 12,000 If the unit sale price of pencil, eraser and sharpener are 3.50, & 1.75 and % 2.00 respectively, and unit cost of the above three commodities are 83.25, 81.50 and & 0.75 respectively. Based on the above information, solve the following questions: 1. Total revenue of market X is: 864,000 be 60,000 €79,000 4.€ 81,000 Q2 Total revenue of market is: a.€35000 b.€87.000 €53,000 4. € 81,000 9. Cost incurred in market X is: a. 13.000 b.€30100 © 847400 0.63750 4, Profit in markets X and ¥ respectively are: a, €15,250 and € 21625. b.17,000 and ¢ 15,000 ©1000 and ¢ 20,000 4. 51,000 and ¢ 71.000 Q. Gross profit in both market is: .€23000 b.e 32000 €36875 40.200 Answers 10 20 39 40 5@ 6H 7@ 8&0 90 0 11. () 12. (c) 13. (Q) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (0) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a) 21.) 22.0) 23. (0) 24.) 25.) 28) BC) 3.) BD.) 31.) 92. (a) 33. (c) 34, (b) 35. (c) 36. (a) 97. () 38. (c) 39. () 40. (@) 4.0) 20) B®) 4) 45) 48.0) 47.) 4) GQ BOG) 51. (0) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (a) ‘55. (b) 56. (b) ‘@ Case Study Based Questions - Solutions * 1. Given data can be written in matrix farm as below Pencil Eraser Sharpener Sale Price Cost Price see (15000 6000 eos) [229] [225 v[3s00 2000 r2e00 23/200), 1075 )4 scan ano} 9500 17.000 12000) 350] [3.25 a-|175 |c=| 150 zoo] [075 te af 350) 1000 6000 8900 ven 8-[Sso0 7000 12000] 7 20] 151000 x3:50+ 6000 «175 +8000 x2 9500 «3.50 + 17,000 «175 +1200 x2 52500+10500+16000) _[79.000 {332504 29.750 + 24000 “| 87.000, 325 ars ac -[ioua sono ano isg 9s00 600 2000 | 22 ss000 325 + 6000150 8600075 “e720 3000-6000). [62750 -[sosrs-2sso0s=nco|"[es27| TiP Total revenue is the sum ofthe praduct of each commodity with corresponding unit sale price and total cost incurred | the sum of the product of each commodity with corresponding unit cost price. Total revenue of market X's €79.000 ‘So, option (c) Is correct. 2. From the above data, total revenue of market ¥ is 87,000 So, option (b) Is correct 3. From the above data, cost Incurred in market X is 63750 So, option (4) is correct.TiP Solutions * Two matrices can be subtracted, if they ore of the same| order. From the above data, profit = AB - AC 79900] [63750] _[79000-63750]_f16250 ~{frov0)-[eszre|"[aro00—cars|- [>is Total revenue of market X is € 79,000 and cost Incurred in market Xs € 63,750. * Profitin market x = € (79.000 ~63,750)=2 15.250 Total revenue of market is 87,000 and cost incurred in market Vis € 65375. Profit in market ¥ =€ (87.000 ~ 66,375) =€ 21625 So. option (a) is correct. 5. Gross profit in bath markets = Profit in market x + Profit in market Y (15250 + 21625) = 36875 50, option (c) is correct. Case Study 2 Three schools 4, B and C organised a mela for collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of flood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of @ 25, & 100 and @50 each. The number ofarticles sold are given: School/article [A 8 c Hand-fans 40 25 35 Mats. 50 40 50 Plates 20 30 40 Based on the above information, solve the following questions: Q1. The fund collected by school A if they sold 45 hhand-fans, 40 mats and 25 plates, is: a%6375 b.214000 C2000 4218.00 92. The fund collected by school B and ¢ 14000 b.¢18.000 c. 21000 4.¢6.375 The total fund collected by all the schools is: at6375 b.t14000 ct18000 dt21000 Q4 If the number of hand-fans and mats are interchanged for all the schools, what is the total fund collected by all schools? £21000 b.¢18000 c.t14000 4.86375 06. The total number ofall articles sold is: 2230 6.280 330.350 93 |. As we have to ind the funds collected by each school ‘We write table as: Hand-fan Mats Plates a 40 50 (20 725 al-| 25 40 30 | {100 c. 355040 || 50 000 + 5000+ 1,000) [7000 =| 625+ 4000+1500 | =| 6125 875 +s000+2000| | 7875 Funds collected by schools A 8 and C are & 7,000, 6.125 and € 7.875 respectively Fund collected by school A if they sold 45 hand-fans. ‘40 mats and 25 plates 45 «25+ 40 x100+25 «50 1125 + 4000 + 1.250 =€ 6375 So. option (a) is correct. 2, Fund collected by schools 8 and C =6125 + 7875 =* 14000 ‘0. option (a) Is correct. 3, Total fund coltected by all the schools = 7000+ 6125 + 7875 =¢ 21.000 So. option (d) is correct 4, According to the given condition. 5D 40 20]{ 25 40 25 30||100 so 35 40)| 50 150+ ned (ss Yo00 +2,500+1500| =| 5.000 vs0+3500+2000) |6:750) Total fund collected by all schools =6250 + 6000 + 6750 =* 18,000 ‘50, option (b) is correct. 5, Total number ofall articles sold = (40425 + 35)+ (50+ 40 +50) + (20+30+ 40) 330 ‘0, option (c) is correct. Case Study 3 ‘Two farmers Ramakishan and Gurucharan Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice namely Basmati, Permal and Naura. The sale (in rupees) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given by the following matrices 4 and B.September sales (in &) [sein 20,000 roa Ramakishan 50,000 30,000 10,000] Gurucharan October sales (in @) { 5,000 10,000 6,000) Ramakishan 20,000 10,000 10,000 | Gurucharan Based on the above information, solve the following questions. 1. The total sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety can be represented as: aA+sB bA-B CA>B dAcB 02 What is the value of A,3? atoooo 6.20000 «30900 d4ao00 3. The decrease in sales from September to October is given by: aA+s8 bA-B CA>B dAcB 94, If Ramakishan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each variety sold in October. a.€100,2 200 and £120 6.2100. 200 and #130 100, 220 and € 120 d.€110, €200 and ® 120 6. If Gurucharan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each variety sold in September. a.€ 100, € 200, #120 ¢ €400,€ 200, 120 b.€ 1,000, 8 600, ¢ 200 8 1.200, 200, % 120, . Solutions ° 1. Total sales in September and October for each farmer n ach variety ean berepeesented as A 8 S0.opton (is corect. 2. The value of in = 1.000 TiP ‘zs means, the element in matrix A represented by| intersection of second row and third column. So, option (a) is correct 3. The decrease in sales from September to October 's given by A~B. 50, option (b) Is correct 2 4, 26018» 2 x62 0.02 x8 20.000 19000 10000 [im 200 Ca -oa| 500 yo.000 sa 400 200 200, Required profit of Ramakishan for each varlety sold In October are € 100, € 200 and ® 120. 0, option (a) is correct. Gurucharan 5. 2% of A= xA=002%A toa 10.000 20.000 30,000 50,000 30.000 10,000 { 200 400 600)Ramakishan a0, ano 600 200| Gurucharan Required profit of Gurucharan for each variety sold in September are *1000. * 600 and 200. So. option (b) is correct Case Study 4 To promote the making of toilets for women, an organisation tried to generate awareness through (house calls, (ii) emails and (iii) announcements. al rll The cost for each model per attempt is given below: (%50 (ii) 220 (iii) €40 The number of attempts made in the villages X, Yand Zare given below: @® Gi Gi) X 400 300 100 Y 300 250 © 75 Z 500 400 150 Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given mode is: (2% (i 4% iii) 20% Based on the above information, solve the following questions. + 1. The cost incurred by the organisation on village X is: 10000 b.t15,000 c.¢30,.000 dt 20,000 (2. The cost incurred by the organisation on village Y is: 2.25000 b.¢16,000 «223000 dt 26,000 3. The cost incurred by the organisation on village Z a. 19,000 €45000 b.¢ 39.000 d.¢ 50,000 94. The total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village X, 2.20 b30 40 4.50 5. The total number of toilets that can be expected after the production in village Z, 2.26 b.36 46 1.56Solutions * 1 Let £ At Band fC be the cost incurred by the ‘organisation for villages x, Yand Zrespectively. Then A.B, Cwillbe given by the following matrix equation: ee rip 2 2 Zte FE coxn - Peeeensy c} [500 x50 + 400 x20 + 150 «40, 15000 + 6,000 + 3.000 | =| 23.000 25000+8000+6000) [39,000 ‘The cost incurred by the organisation on vilage X Is. 30,000, So, option (c)is correct. 2. From the above data, the cost incurred by the organisation on village Vis € 23.000, 0, option (c) is correct. 3. From the above data, the cost incurred by the ‘organisation on village Z is € 39,000. 0, option (b) is correct. 4, Total number of tollets that can be expected In each village is given by the following matric ‘400 300 100)f 2/100 ¥|=|300 250 75 |] 4/100 Z} [soa 400 160}{20/100. fa+i2+207 [40] y|=| 6410415 |-| 31 z) [o+i6+30) [55 ‘The tatal number of tolets that can be expected after promotion in village Xs 40. S0, option (c)s correct. 5. The total number of tollets that can be expected after the production in village Z Is 56. ‘So, option (d) is correct, [ex +6000+ = [ae Case Study 5 Assume X,¥,Z,W and P are matrices of order 2xn,3xk, 2x py x3and p> k, respectively. Based on the above information, solve the following questions: (cenr exercise} 1. The restriction on 1, and p, so that define the order of PY + WY. 2. fm =p, then find the order of the matrix 7X ~5Z, {Solutions} * 1. Given, order of the matrix P = pxk ‘order of the matrix ¥ =3 xk and arder of the matrixW = 1x3 PY is defined when, Number of columns of matrP «Number of rows of matricY (1) Also, WY is defined when, Number of columns af matrxW=Number of rows of matric = 303 (True) Now, PY + WY Is defined when bath PY and WY have same order. Order of matrix PY = p x3 and order of matrix WY =n xk Here, restriction for PY + WY are p =n and k=3 2. Matrix X's of the order? xn. ‘Therefore, matrix 7X is also of the same order. Matrix Z Is ofthe order 2 xpLe..2 xn (Since. n= p] ‘Therefore, matric 5Z Is also af the same order. Now, both the matrices 7X and 82 are of the order 2en ‘Thus, matrix 7X ~52 Is well-defined and is of order 2xn Case Study 6 Sanjeev, Amit and Nitika were given the task of creating a square matrix of order 3. X, Yand Zare the matrices created by Sanjeev, Amit and Nitika respectively, which is given below: fi 2-1) [2 1-1) [3 1 0) x-f[o 3 ify-lio 3 aT [io 2) pu-y fo 12 Based on the above information, solve the following {questions QL if a5 and b (oxy" + (az)". the value of (XY -¥2) 2, then find the value of 3, then find the value of Solutions ° aad andz7=}1 201 01 2 3-10 121 o12 is == 0) [ais @ 15 m0 5] 1s a5 :FN 12-4214 2 Herexv=|o0 3 1{/1 0 ao 2j214 242-2 40-1 1464 -|0+3+2 o+041 a+9-1|- 24044 4042 140-2] [2 21-73 10 and yz-|1 0 alfa21 21 -IL0 12 6-140 242-1 O41-2 =|3+060 146043 o+046]-[3 6-140 2+2-1 O41-2 20 6) [5 3-1 xy-z-[5 1 8|-[3 4 6{=|2 21.) [5 3 =) [4 Now. (a-b)(¥2) Case Study 7 If A =[ay ]is mx n matrix, then the matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of 4 is called the transpose of 4 A square matrix A =[a]s said to be symmetric, if AT =A forall possible values of i and j A. square matrix A=[ay] is said to be skew- symmetric, if A” =—A for all possible values of / andj. Based on the above information, solve the following questions 1. Evaluate (ABC) , by using transpose properties. 92. What is the relation between symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices? (3. For any square matrix Awith real number entries, show that (A+A)” is symmetric matrix and (A~A)" is a skew-symmetric matrix. Or 7 Jo -1 2 Ifa’ - 3] om {i sen evaluate eavay? e Solutions * 1. (Bc) = ((48)C)" =c"(ABy" = cTaral 2. Any square matrix can be expressed as sum of @ symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. A (ASA aC e(aaaTsa — & (all =A} =(As al) and (AAT) =(ayl (aT) =a — A=-(A-A") So, (A+ A") is symmetric matrix and (A~ A") is a skew-symmetric matri or 0-1 . ae 2) wy = ale) aw of 2] mod’ 6 J Piet fz 37 = enor? 2) gl Case Study 8 ‘Three car dealers, say 4, # and C, deals in three types of cars, namely Hatchback cars, Sedan cars, SUV cars. The sales figure of 2019 and 2020 showed that dealer 4 sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 10 SUV cars in 2019 and 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20 SUV cars in 2020; dealer B sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2019 and 200 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 6 SUV cars in 2020; dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan, 2 SUV cars in 2019 and 100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan, 5 SUV cars in 2020. Given, [a Based on the above information, solve the following questions (Q1. Find the matrix summa and 2020. (2. Find the matrix form of the total number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer. or Find the matrix form of the increase in sales from 2019 to 2020, 3, IFeach dealer receive profit of € 50,000 on sale of a Hatchback, & 1,00,000 on sale of a Sedan and % 2,00,000 on sale of a SUV, then find the matrix form of the amount of profit received in the year 2020 by each dealer. 19 sales data of 2019DEE EEE EEE EEE EEE Solutions * 1. In. 2019, dealer A sold 120 Hatchback. 50 Sedan and 10 SUV: dealer 8 sold 100 Hatchback, 30 Sedan and § SUV and dealer Csold 30 Hatchback, 40 Sedan and 2 SUV. Required matrix, say P. is glven by Hatchback Sedan SUV Ar Ro 50 10 p-8| wo 30 5 cl 90 40 2 In 2020, dealer A sold 300 Hatchback, 150 Sedan, 20, suv dealer 8 sold 200 Hatchback. 50 Sedan, 6 SUV and dealer Csold 100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan, 5 SUV. Required matrix, say Q.is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV Ar 300 «15a 20 g-8| 200 50 6 cl io 6 5 2, Tatal number of cars sold in two given years, by each dealer, Is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV Ay 120+300 50+150 10+ 20" P+Q28|100+200 30+50 5+6 cl 90+100 40460 245 Hatchback Sedan SUV At 420 200 30) a| 300 ao 1 cl 0 ©6007 or ‘The Increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 Is given by Hatchback Sedan SUV Ay30q~120 180-50 20-10 a-P+8) 00-160 50-30 e WO-30 60-40 $-2 Hatchback Sedan SUV Ar 10 100,10) a| wo 20 (1 cl 1 2 3 3, The amount of profit in 2020 recelved by each dealer is given by the matrix Hatchback Sedan SUV af 300 150-20) sg00 a| 200 50 veqa0o| cl 10 60 200000 A/150.00,000 « 1.50.00.000 + 40.00.00) | 100.0000 » 50.00.00 «- 1200.000 | 50.00.00 + 60,00.000 + 19.00.00 A/3.40.00.000) | sezacace [12000000 -@ Very Short Answer tyne Questions 01. If amatrix has 24 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 13 elements? (cenrexencise) 92 How many number of matrices are possible of order 33 with each entry 0 or 17 (xcenrexencise) (3. Construct a 3» 2matrix whose elements are given bya, = 31-3). (wcenrexencise) 1.4 Find the values of x,y and z from the: x+y+z) [9 xay [45 (wcenrexencise) yee | [7 enti mate! "ate 213 203 gs. a=|o 5 7] and B-|3 10 5|, then find 689 570 ot25, 07d ne ale ofp 1 3).[ OL 6 ata eb allt sh ecarcineiciane [so 43 08. IF SAB | and of} - then find the 1 matrix A. (cese2019) If XaY a a 2Xx-¥ gael ah value of X. 42h on find the Fj ftten find the 4 fas suri eS la OM, IfAS| 4 7 jonas {hen how ha AB is azoro matrix, 912, Find the value of the matrices f2 4 32 23] a4), 2 i), 00 -3) 13. If the matrix A =|2 0 —1/ Is skew-symmetric, 61 0} find the values of a and b. (cose 2018)| Questions an ae[ Oe sin?) aig gal sin? x cos? x], an oe al then find (A+), (ucenrexencise) 2itae|= “Jande=| + 3), ehensind ‘Byand a2 Waal fanae|_ | thentind Ban a8). 32 Bp 6é asxey=[> ?lanax-v then find the wees lene fetes values of X andY. 20 ft 04 tfA=|2 1 3|,thenfind (42-54). 1-10 (5. Find a matrix A such that 2A-38+SC =0, where ae? ? aacel? © Ls 1 afdCaly gf (coseanis fo -1) af ve tae]? ]mas S] mtn tvan 07. Show that all the diagonal elements of a skew= symmetric matrix are zero. (case 2017) gata? 2 s}mee-ls 42 then find “425 35 AB. 3B 2 a. tAs | then aA Q A 42 I then prove that (4) =A. Q10. if A=| sy. 2-1 1 an. Given? a oom with the help of 2A 3 91-A. ‘® Short Answer Tyo. wry 2) _[6 2) an ae als ; lI Questions ‘then find the values of x, yand z ucenrexenerse) 02. Simplity: - cos —sing] sind cos0 ‘(on anole on (wcenrexencise) then prove that A =4A, 423 04. fA=|3 -2. 1, then show that 424 43-23-40! =0. (cose2023) 1205) eg 05 ItA= and 6=|2. 1|,then find AB and Lh 15 BA Is AB= BR? - cosx -sinx O] 06. IFF(x)=| sinx cosx 0|,then prove that o 0 4 Fox) FU)=Flx+y). 971A {i Fis such that A? =, then prove that (woenr exercise) 1-a?-py=0. (ncenr exercise) fz -8 -9) 2 4 6} 9.8 Find matrix: wale S| las 6 Ect} et aw 3 4} °"l7 4! find a matrix D such that CD~A\ Q10. Find matrix A such that: [2 -1 ai. 8 1 0| as[a -2 3 4 9 2 01. Find the value of x from the following: 10 2I[x [x-5-1]/0 2 1/|4]=0. 20 3\|4 (case 2017) 99. Let (case 2017) (cose2017) 912, Using an example, prove that (A+B) =A+8, where A and 8 are matrices of same order. 0. ae ant Aaa hen de sina cosa value of a (ween exercise) 24 1 2 ovale Snaso{* 2 tenet (48) = 84. -2) 916 A=] 4 |,8=[1 3. -6)then verify that: 5 (AB) = BA’. (NCERT EXERCISE) (016. If Aand Bare symmetric matrices, then prove that ‘AB ~BAis a skew-symmetric maQ17. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same ‘order, then show that ABis symmetric if and only if Aand Bcommute ie, AB=BA. (NCERTEXERCISE) 918. Show that the matrix BAB is symmetric or skew- symmetric, if Ais symmetric or skew-symmetric. (QCERTEXERCISE) 919. Prove that every square matrix can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrices. ‘D Long Answer type Questions 23 sn show that A?—44+7/= [ae show that A?—44+7/=0. Hence find A’. (WCERTEXENPLAR) 0 tan e2ttAs| 2| and fis an identity matrix tans 0 of order 2, then prove that: ene | (wcenrexencise) cos sind ga. IFAs |-sind cose en prove at cos sinnd) seem coop! 2 Q4 Find the values of x,y,z, if the matrix ow z As|x y ~z| satisfy the equation 4A XW Es (CERT EXERCISE) 2-2 -4 Q5. Write the matrix A=|-1 3 4 |in the form of 1 3 sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew-symmetric matrix, Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. The possible orders of matrices containing 24 elements are 1x26, 24 x1, 2x12, 1x2 3x8 BR 4x6 Gd Possible orders of matrices containing 13 elements VxI3 and 13x1 2. The numberof elements in a matrix of order 3x3are 9 in which O or 1 can be placed at each position. So. there are 2=512 ways to fil the poston of the matrix ‘Number of possible matrices = 512 3. gener. 2302 mati oral “| Now. oye il-3]01.23and 1.2 p-antetoyedi-a.aied onedia-aitedoneli2-32le2 1 1 a 0 © 313-3-ll=0.03,=413-3-21: 1 5/2 Hence. required matrix A=|1/2_ 2 TRICK If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are equal. Con comparing both sides. we get xeytze9 “0 (2) (3) and From eqs (1) and (2), we get 54209 = z29-5e4 From eqs. (1) and (3), we get X4789 = 29-722 Put the values of x and zin eq (I), we get 2ey+4=9 = ya9-603 sea2Yo3 and 0d 5 TiP Tio matrces canbe added oniywhen they re ofthe same one 24 f], fist 2f a aij*la 3 342) 1 “[421 344i Here, A¥Bs|FN 6. TiP IfAis a matrix and kis a scalar, then kA is another matrix which is obtained by multiplying each elements ofA by a scalork. 422) [203 3a-28-3,{0 5 7|-2x3 10 5 5 12-4 6-0 39-6) [8 6 33 0-6 15-20 21-10|-|-6 -5 1 18-10 24-16 27-0] |@ 10 27, 7. We have, a bE af a - BAM wef aE gl Tivo matrices A and B ore said to be equol, jf + order of A and B is same. + corresponding elements of A and 8 are equal (On comparing both sides, we get TiP “Addon of two matress possible when is order are sane TiP Two matrices can be added, they ore ofthe same order. Adding the given matrix equations. toneexne[} te | = oe ot wer-[) ls 2] TRICK Product of two matrices is possible when number of| columns of frst matrix is equal to the number of rows of| ae “eel ee TH Gi [an fe ol Clearly, ABls a zero matrix. Hence proved. {EOMMON] ERROR sty suderts commie ror while matplyng matrices 24 wa 2) x | athe Un TiP Product of two matrices is possible when number of| columns of first matrix is equal to the number of rows of second matrix. lo 12 3x142%(41) (Date tx) 1x0 4192-11410 2-1042 24D P12 3 3-2 044 3422] 1 45 220, BxO42x2 3x142 1 | 2x1 1x(-I) 2x041x2 rae Usa A-1 042 -141] Oo -3 1B, Given that,matrix A=|2 0 —1|Is skew-symmetric bt matrix. Qa = [20 b TRICK Tivo matrices and B ore soi to be equal, if + onder ofA ond 8 is some « corresponding elements ofA ond 8 are some ie, oj = by ¥ i ond}.0 2 6] fo 0 3 5 -1 2] [-0 0 5 = ao i-|201 9-2 s|+[a0 -5 -5 3 10) |» 10 o «a -2)|-5 5 0 (On comparing corresponding elements, we get 5-1 3 -|a 7-0 and 5 4 2 Short Answer Type-l Questi cos? sin?x]['sin?x cos? x sintx cos?x]"[cos?x. sin?x 314 and c-[; ° = 716 TRICK F Here,A must be taken ofthe order 2 x 3, because Bond C oH | (sin? +-cos? =) ‘are of the same arder 2 x 3 and the sum of two or more ‘matrices i possible only when they are ofthe same order. zasel EL Jef on fe] and A-B=|2 4 ve) — “[3 2) [2 5 ‘We have, 2A-38+5C=0 LE 3} Seb i eb sa 220 5. Given that, B=| 1 ave ate ae sin? x 4.cos? x sin? x-+cos 3. Adding the given matrix equations, we have £ o 9 ol TRICK coneeenele EE 5] 900 Here, 0 ie, zero matrix must be token of the order 2 x 3, ( ( ( | ( ( ( | ( ( ( | ( ( | o9 | TiP Decosetomattesaresistobeequclieyarcftie| | ( | ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Two matrices con be added/subtracted, if they ore of the| same order. ees = Ee 3 2x-[2 ale*-[o ‘4 2d 2e 2F\*|-9 -3 -12]*|35 5 30 tan xev-[® JJove[E -« [ee a] oe io 3 20+16 2b-6 2c-10) [0 O O [5 alo al = |2d426 2e+2 2f+18|"[0 0 0 0 sf cnanine tn auraqaiaan Give Wet > 0 | dori6ad > on 28g ‘ were : i 2-600 9 bea Jig 2c-10=0 f2o 1)f2a0 7 Now, A?=A-Ael]2 1 213 2d+26=0 44041 O+0-1 2+0+0 Pats 98 i =/9 -2 5 de 512 207 “la jlo of"lo+0 o+0}"{o o. AP-5A=|9 -2 5 |-5/2 1 3 ‘3 5)f0 -1) fO+O -3+10) fo 7 parsl tan and 64-[5 allo a|-[or0 aco |"[o |7. Let A=(o4)be a given matric Since, tis skew-symmetric matrix AaA S op=-04 or ali of for all values of when =i 3 '2q)= Oforallvaluesct/ > oy =Ofor allvalues of! S dy 02-03 =. Hence al the dlagonal elements ofa skew-symmetric matrixare zero (as diagonal elements are: oy 07.03 ) Hence proved 8. Given meres THE TiP Practice similar type of questions based on multipication| oftwo matrices. _[2-8+6 3-043 ]_po ~« *[-e+asi0 -2+10+5/"[10 3 TiP IAs [aj] is m x n matrix, then the matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and columns ofA isthe transpose Hence proved. 6-4-2 848-1 10428-0 015 38 [3 3] a1 = (aBy=|5 2 3a -5 nacacs[ {2 3] E542 723 2A =91-A (91-A) ap Fee 3] (Given) ‘Short Answer Type-II Questions 1. Wehave. x+y 2) [6 2 Buz yl"[s 8 Corresponding elements of equal matrices are equal ‘So put corresponding elements of two matrices equal. xty=6 () and Now, (x+y)? =(x-y) =P -(x-yP = 48 = (x-y} a = xny= 2) ‘Adding eqs (I) and (2), we get (x4 y)+(x-y)=642 = 2x=642 = 2x=642 or 2 2 x24 or x22 Subtracting eq, (2) fram eq, (I). we get (x4 y)-(x-y)=6 #2 2 COMMON Some students commit error while finding the values ofxandy. 2 Gvencos[ [costo sindcosd costo ina cose }**"*|-cosa sing. =cos0sind] [ sin?0 — sindcos -sindcosa sin? cos? 8+ sin?o sin@cos8-sin@cos® til a TIP The muliplicaon of two matrices A and 8 s defined, the numberofolurnsofAlsequalto the numberof rows of. ~cos0sin + sindcos 6 cos? B+ sin?@ wowed Ey “(a tak-l2 7] revel TL 7]EXSHs] wo anol ES Z] @) From eqs. (1) and (2), we get AGA Hence proved. 4 Weknow that 12347129 @eaAAal3 -2 1//3 21 42 14 21 46412 2-446 34243 =| 3-644 64442 9-241 44644 8-442 124241 194 8 =|) 28 465 12 3)79 4 8 AaaAra|3 2 1/1 12 8 42 1f4 6 5 vesztaa 4218 8445 eras ter2tee S2vIBHIE 2 Now, A?-23A-401 ° 92 46 63] [4 2 7 63 46 69] [-23 -46 -69 69 -6 23|+|-69 46 -23 an ooo -|o 0 ol-0 ooo Some students make square and cube the elements in Aond ‘btain the answer 46-4640 63-23-40, Hence proved. TiP Give ample practice on problems bosed on multiplication oftwo motices, 44445 042425] [13 27 24866 044430)" [26 34 243 444 1046 1415 2420 5430, | | 440 B+0 a 16 22 35) Here, AB 2BA (COMMON) ERROR (Some stders commit an ear white collating. cosx =sinx 0 6 Ghen.F(x)=|sInx cose O o 0 1 4 8 20 -|5 a 16 ) cosy -siny O e-|iy cosy ‘| (Replace xbyy) o 0 1 osx -sinx Olfeosy -siny o F(x)Fly)=| sinx cosx || siny cosy o o o ilo o 1 sinxcosy +cos xsiny +0 o+0+0 ~cosxsiny-sinxcosy +0 sai freer 40 -sinxsiny +cosxcosy +0 0+0+0. 04040 04041 ‘cosxcosy-sinxsiny -cosxsiny-sinxcosy 0 sInxcosy +cosxsiny -sinxsiny+cosxcosy 0 sin(x+y) cos(x+y) 0 cos (x+y) =sin(x+y) 0 fer ae Replace x by (x+y) in eq (I), we get cos(x+y) -sin(x+y) 0 reamed cos(x+y) | 0 o 1 F (x)F (=F (x+y) Hence proved.vows? 8] TRICK If two matrix are equivalent, then its corresponding elements are equal. “I 2] a= of prt oO nel 2 [oP pele On comparing corresponding elements, we get aa fr= = 1a? =0 8. Given, x! 2 3 (2 8 A 45 6h°12 4 6haa Let xa[? & © dda TRICK Hence proved. () columns of first matrix is equal to the number of rows of| ‘second matrix. As,RHShavea matrixoforder 2x3. So, LHS must contain the matrix of order 2 x 3.Far this X Should bea matrix oforder 2x2. From eq, (), we get 0 byfl 2 3]_[-7 -8 -9 (dle dl? 2 e] ‘0446 20+5b 30466] [-7 -8 -9 (exch alse aleal-|2 3 el (On comparing both sides, we get O+4be-7 > de-T~4b 30+6b=-9 3 042b=-3 c+Ade2 = ca2-Ad and -346d=6 > c+2d=2 From eqs. (2) and (3), we get -1~4b+2b=-3 = 2b = b From eq, (2) 4 -2 o=-7-4(-2) a-T48=1 = ° From eqs. (4) and (5). we get 2-4d+2d=2 = de0 |_| ered efve mien posible wrennuntere| (2) (3) (4) (5) Fram eq. (5). «ft deb ol a. ownael Goofs 2] me eof? TRICK The order of matrix D must be 2 x 2, as product of two matrices is possible when number of columns of first ‘matrix is equal to the number of rows of second matrix. After that the addition or subtraction of two matvices is possible only when the arder ofboth matrices is same. Lemar D=[° & cd. aE alle dH wfr ‘fo al (re of 0 mat) oss 2s84) [0-1 ea) fo 6 o[ere Sted [sz enel"[s ol -[ete stella alto evs? isd] 10 0 [secs seee22\"[0 9] oncamparngbath lr eat = 20+5c=3 0) = 2b=-5d (2) Bo+8C~43=0 = 30+8C= 43 3) and 3b+8d-2: => 3b+8d=22 (4) From eqs. (2) and (4), we get 3(-3) +20=22 22) 8d = = ~I5d+16d = 44 = da From eq. (2), we get 2b =-5 xh From eqs. (I) and (3), we get a(S} -4a = 9 -18c-+ 16 #86 = c-77 Put the value of cin eg (I), we get 2045477 =3 = 20 =3-385--362 = ae-191 -181 110 so matco~[ 7" 19]Here, we will toke matrixA ofthe order 2 x 2. RHS has a matrixoforder 3 x2. LHS should also bea matrix ofarder 32. Forthis Ashould be ofthe order 2x2. 2o-c 2b-d ] [1-8 =| oso bso Jali -2 Bo+4c -3b+4d} [9 22, Comparing on bath sides. 2o-c=-1 and 2b-d=-8 Also.0=1 and b= -2 Put the value of "in eq, (I). we get 2-1 = #24123 Put the value of bin eq, (2), we get Let matrix A 11. From the glven matrix equation (2 -0 2-5-3]. ‘ TiP two matrices. > «2 -w aa 1 (e(x=2)=404(2x-8)) <0 37 -2x 404.2" =8 27-48 20 248 7 16 x3 wet 3 | vuevuuy (i) (2) Give ample practice in problem based on multiplication of| TiP ‘Students must remember this expression (A+ B’=A'+ B° ‘san identity o a property of Tanspase of matrix. > ward lS 3 0 wom rele AES] ~ e = meld SHS 3] teal a rromere to sn we Meee ie) acfaee eed 1, chen ae[S5% She] are[ He she oe na fee ame g sewer? [o 4] i ines 2eose 0 |_f1 - Oo 2c0se}"[0 1 siha-sina cosa +cosa = 2asael 1 = cosaay ” cosa =cos= 3 eae , ane [3 3] “Ee [Sta es-Le a now, ws=040)-[ 4] =[5 alnt seonr[? JP 3] _[-2+3 -3+21_[1 18 “Lae5 6+35]"[9 41 Hence, LAS =RHS ERROR ‘Students commit error when multiplying the matrices together at “2-6 15, aa=| 4/0 3 -6)-| 4 12 26 5 15 -30, Hence proved. 5 TiP Give ample procticein problem bosed on multiplication oftwo matices. 2-6 ZY = (asye| 4 12-24 5 15 -30 24 5 12-24 -30 [2] “5 Now, “| 1 24s 23] 4 as 2 5 a ] 6 2-24-20 From eqs. (I) and (2), we get (AB)'= 7 ‘ — ) 16. Given, Aand B are symmetric matrices. feAcueeo paar” Oye ] 5A-AB ee = -(AB-8A) AB-Adlsaskew-symmetc math Hane proved Sn, A and 8 Fe bh sme mas theretore A= Aand = Let ABbe met then } etme = © Now, (ABBA) ( A's Aands'=5) Conversely, AB =A then we shall show that ABs symmetric Now, (AB)'=B/A'=BA= AB (-AandBare symmetele) Hence, ABissymmetric 1B. () Let Abe a symmetric matrix then AnA (ea) =(6"(A8)y = (AB) (BY = (BA) B= BAB (AB)= 84" and A’ A) Hence.B'ABisasymmetricmatrix. Hence proved. Hence proved. (f) Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix, then Hana Now. (8'(48))'=(AB) (&"Y =(8A')B=8(-A)B (s A'-A) rAB = (@'A8) Hence, AB! a skew-symmetric matric Hence proved. 19. Let Abea square matrix. then 1 (At AAA) +O where, (asaantoe Yaa) 2 Now. {asa} (Atay bo (kAyekay (as(ay) (-(A46)= A468) dasa) aya) (A+4') (From the commutative law of addition of matrices) =P So,P sa symmetric matric Agang ={3a-a)} = Ba-aryadtar—(a'y) (A-A" 1 daa) at 50,01. skew-symmetric matric Hence, the square matrix Acan be expressed as the 1 sum of a symmetric matic 1a A’) and a at dasa) skew-symmetrematris]}(A~A'} Hence proved Long Answer Type Questions 1 TiP Adequate proctice is requied in problems based on rmuleplicatonaftwo matrices. Ara AAc| aR] (2 Sh. a 4] Y HAs F nom? [ APA4AS Tn [1-8+7 12-1240 “Laeaso 1-847 oc -[2 3-0 sanpnDEE EEE EEE EEE EEE = Aa 4A-71 Now. AP 2A-A? 2 A(4A-TI)= 44? -7AL =4(4A-1)-70 bale) \GA-28I-7A=9A-281 Again. A AA? (9A -261).(4A-7)) =36A?-63A-112A41961 16 (4-71) 175+ 196) 314-561 [5 a-#[o 4] Most students find difculty in nding the correct vlue of oO -tan= 2. Given, A tan 0 Let tan air We know that, sin and cos. melt Tf Now Uisate Ae, 14] won [Se aha] fd iP at ne “ie bese iene Use the correct formuta in the right plac Tet), 2t yt et? ee Re Me ee anorepe aerate em mee Mae ae Ie, 20 2t_, tQ-t?) | mete “het 0-2) 2r 2 ee . we he Gee P42? ate ap pe ae a2r 21 He Tee we -t0+e) Ge Wee (st?) we ee we - ite am Hence/+ Anda) ee Ane | Henceprove. 3. We shall prove it by using principle of mathematical Induction cos sine Herein Axl Or oe] o_[eesn0 inne en aed ro coo] Me cos sine cos sine =sin0 caso Therefore, the result Is true for n=1 Let the result be true forn =k. cos sino ri: Aad re ct) 1 _[ cosko sink Ten el te cnt Now. we shal prove thatthe result holds forn =k} also Zins scrote] TRICKS Sin (A+B)=sin A-cos B+cos A-sin B 05 (A+ B) = cosA-cos B= sin A:sin B [eee aie) sin (ko 6) cos (0+ kt) [emeeene seiko nal sin (+1) 6 cos(k+1) 0 Therefore the result s true for n= K+ lalso. ey arf ile auThus, by the principle of mathematical induction, numbers. Hence proved. 0 zy z 4 Gen, Aa|x y -2| xyz ax x => Aely yy Also, AAs! o x x0 2 277100) = lay vilx y a1 z 2 2zi|lx-+ 2} lo01 Oita? Oexy-ry Ona = |osyr-yx ayeysy? 2ye-ye-ye O-zxs2x 2yz-zy-2y P4724? og -jo1g o1 2 o a] siog =]o sy al-jo10 oo 3} loo1 TRICK Two matrices A and B are said to be equal, feach element of Ais equal to the corresponding element of. Comparing an both sides, we get Pal sete Gal syste 2x 2 1 nd sl szet a 3 $ Hence. xt Yat oe and z= Jy Few students change the order while solving A‘A as they write Aas the first matrix and proceed further. Ths leads them toa wrong solution, TiP Do not get confused between symmetric and skew- symmetre mates, Remember that ‘if the matrix A is symmetric, then A= A’. ‘ifthe mati Als stew-syetr then A Now, 242 1-2 14 2-1 343 244 Al 4-2 3-3 [422 -a6 2 aa -6 2 a2 -alz 3/2 3001 321 3 2-3/2 3/2], = daraye]a2 3 1 a 3/2001 2 3/2 3/2 3200321 321 3 Asay =Symmetric matrix 2-2 241 4-1 “2 3-3 442 4 2-4 -343 ih cuz ei V2 Q ‘52 -a cua. sia . ira o 5/2 3 V2 5/2 an a ‘ls 3 W200 «3 5/2 3 a fo -v2 3 (A-A') 2 = Skew-symmetric matrix a4 1 3 v2 00 5/2 -3 -3/2 1 (' U2 -5/2 a 0 |‘Multiple Choice Questions Q1. Hay =|2/ +37 |, then matrix A, ,, =[ay }will be: 5-4) ,/5 M4] [5 4] Qs 4 *l7 | PL w] Sly 6] “Lr -6. Wf? erly o =2b bo=b co=b? dot then: Assertion and Reason Type Questions Directions (Q. Nos. 3-4): In the following questions, each question contains Assertion (A) and Reason (). Each question hhas 4 choices (0), 0), (©) and (¢) out of which only one is correct. The choices are: 2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) Is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) Assertion (A) Is true but Reason (R) is false d._ Assertion (A) Is false and Reason (R) Is true 013 Assertion (A): Scalar matrix areae[s 14 were is 9 scaly isan identity matrix when k= 1. ): Every identity matrix is not a scalar 4, Let and Bbe two symmetric matrices of order 3. Assertion (A): A (BA) and (AB) A are symmet matrices. Reason (R): AB is symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication of A with Bis commutative. Case Study Based Questions 95. Case Study 1 A trust fund has @ 35,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds, say X and ¥. The first bond pays 10% interest p.a. a which will be given to an old age home and second one pays 895 (ig interest p.a. which will be given | RM) to WWA (Woman Welfare Association). ) Let A be 1x2 matrix and B be a 2x1 matrix, representing the investment and interest rate on ‘each bond respectively. EERE EE EEE IEEE EEE EEE EEE EEE IEEE EEE EEE EE EDIE EEE EEE EEE EEE EDIE EDIE EEE EEE EEE EEE OT ay Chapter Test Based on the given information, solve the following questions: () If 15,000is invested in bond X, then find the matrix summarising investment and interest rest of X and respectively. (i) If 45,000 isinvested in bond X, then find the total amount of interest received on both bonds. Or If the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of @ 3,200, then find the investment in two bonds. (ii) f the amount of interest given to old age home is @ 500, then find the amount of investment in bond Y. (6. Case Study 2 In a city, there y, ~ 5 are two factories, i RAp A and 8. Each Pies oe factory produces jam TA sports clothes for d 1 boys and girls << There are three types of clothes produced in both the factories, type, I and II For boys, the number of units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 70 and 65 in factory A and 85, 65 and 72 are in factory B. For girls, the number of units of types f, I! and IT respectively are 80, 75, 90 in factory A and 50, 55, 80 are in factory B. Based on the above information, solve the {following questions: (i) Find the matrix form of the total production of sports clothes of each type for boys. (i) Find the matrix form of the total production of sports clothes of each type for girs. Let R be a 3x2 matrix that represents the total production of sports clothes of each type for boys and girls, then find the transpose of, Very Short Answer Type Questions 1 Q7.1FAs| 5 [and B=[3 -1 6),thon find (ABy. 4 — eee ee ee EE EE EE EE EEE |12), [1 0] b 2 a] 8 Let Az| = Ind Xbe a matrix such that A =X, then find X. -2 2 -1] Short Answer Type-1 Questions ‘then find the values of a and b respectively. 03. KA a ile EN, then find A**. Long Answer Type Questions [ cos?@ sin cos: om tte ‘ c osOsind —sin?6 1/25 0 5 oy? ove [5 815 8 tn ts rar a J yobesix wet Bol cosbsing int | A879 Sam Short Answer Type-II Questions ind dhe vobreo?é: 4) [B/2 12] 4 J2 1) go papr ana “]eteametsrmeicnice omc en[ 5/2 222] all Td gore, ‘and a skew-symmetric matrix C, then find C. then find PT Q*"5P, — eee ee ee EE EE EE EE EEE