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Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term

THERMODYNAMICS 27. What are the factors affecting the internal energy of a real gas?
First law of thermodynamics 28. Why is adiabatic curve steeper than isothermal curve?
Short Answer type Questions 29. A gas is compressed (i) isothermally and (ii) adiabatically to the same volume. In which
1. The internal energy of a compressed gas is less than that of a rarefied gas at the same process will the final pressure greater?
temperature. Why? 30. A thermos flask contains hot tea. What will happen, when it is shaken vigorously?
2. Compare the internal energy of a compressed gas with that of the rarefied gas at the same 31. When an electric fan is operated in a closed room we feel cold, why?
temperature. 32. If an inflated tyre bursts, the air escaping out is cooled, why?
3. Why does the temperature of a gas drop during an adiabatic expansion? Long Answer type Questions
4. Why does a gas have two specific heat capacities? 1. Derive the relation Cp – Cv =R, where the symbols have their usual meaning.
5. A gas has two specific heat. Which one is greater and why? 2. Establish the relation PV = constant for an adiabatic process, where the symbols have
6. Why specific heat capacity of gas at constant press ure is greater than its specific heat their usual meaning.
capacity at constant volume? Or, Why c p always greater than c v ? 3. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from volume V1 to volume
7. Why is the molar heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure always greater than at constant V2 at constant temperature T. Find the expression for the work done in this process.
volume? Or, Explain why Cp is greater than Cv . 4. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion from volume V1 to volume
8. Explain the significance of the first law of thermodynamics. Hence write its expression in V2 . Find the expression for the work done in this process.
terms of the change in entropy of the system.
Numerical Problems
9. When a gas expands adiabatically, it does work on its surrounding. But if there is no heat
1. A gas in a cylinder is initially at a temperature of 170 C and pressure 1.01x105 Nm-2 . If it
input to the gas where does the energy come from?
is compressed adiabatically to one-eighth of its original volume, what would be the final
10. What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics?
temperature and pressure of the gas? [Ans: 18.56 x 105 N/m2 , 666.24K]
11. Is internal energy of an ideal gas, the sum kinetic energy and potential energy at a
2. A gasoline engine takes in air at 250 C and one atmospheric pressure and compresses
temperature great than absolute zero? Explain.
adiabatically to one-tenth of its original volume. Find the final temperature and pressure.
12. Can heat be considered as a form of energy?
(Y = 1.4). [Ans: 748.5 K, 25.11 atmosphere]
13. When we blow on the block of our hand with our mouth wide open, we feel warm. But if
3. Air is compressed adiabatically to half its volume. Calculate the change in its temperature.
we partially close out mouth to form an 'O' and then blow on our hand, our breath feels
[Ans: 32%]
cool. Why?
4. A certain volume of dry air at NTP is allowed to expand four times of its original volume
14. Air escaping from an air hose at a gas station always feels cold. Why? Or, Air escaping
under (i) isothermal conditions (ii) adiabatic conditions. Calculate the final pressure and
from a tiny hole of a tube is felt cool. Why?
temperature in each case. (ϒ = l .4). [Ans: 25250Nm-2 , 1092K, 14502.3Nm-2 , 157 K]
15. Milk is poured into a cup of tea and is mixed with spoon. Is this an example of reversible
5. A mass of air occupying initially 4 litres at a pressure 1.01x105 N/m2 and a temperature
process? Explain.
27o C is expanded adiabatically and reversibly to twice its volume .Calculate its final
16. A system is taken from state ‘a’ to state ‘b’ along the three paths
pressure and temperature ( for air =1.4 ) (Ans : 3.83 x 104 N/m2 , - 45.6o C )
shown in adjacent figure. Along which path is the work done by the o
6. Air initially at 27 C and 750 mm of Hg pressure is compressed isothermally unit its
system greatest and the least? Give reason.
volume is halved. It is then expanded adiabatically until its original volume is recovered.
17. What happens to the internal energy of a gas during (i) isothermal
Assuming the change to be reversible, find the final pressure and temperature. (The ratio
expansion (ii) adiabatic expansion?
of the sp. Heat capacities of air =1.4) (Ans: 227.4K, 568.4mm)
18. What is the difference between isobaric and isochoric processes?
7. A mass of air occupying initially a volume of 2×10-3 m-3 at a pressure of 760 mm of
19. Is it possible to increase temperature of body without giving heat to it? Explain.
mercury and a temperature of 200 C is expanded adiabatically and reversibly to twice its
20. A cylinder filled with a gas is being carried inside a fast moving train, what change will
volume, and then compressed isothermally and reversibly to a volume of 3x10 -3 m3 . Find
be there in the internal energy of the gas?
the final pressure assuming the ratio of the specific heat capacities of air to be 1.4. [Ans:
21. What do you mean by internal energy of gas?
384 mm of Hg]
22. Why does internal energy remain constant in an isothermal system?
8. An ideal gas initially at 4 atmosphere and 300K is permitted to expand adiabatically twice
23. What is meant by adiabatic expansion Explain?
its initial volume. Find the final pressure and temperature if the gas is (i) monatomic and
24. Distinguish between an isothermal change and an adiabatic change.
(ii) diatomic with Cv = 5/2R. [Ans: (a) 1.257atm; 189k (b) 1.52atm; 227.35 k ]
25. Express the first law of thermodynamics for the following processes: isothermal, adiabatic
9. A monoatomic ideal gas that is initially at a pres sure of 1.50 x 105 pa and has a volume of
and isochoric process.
0.08m3 is compressed adiabatically to a volume of 0.04 m3 . (a) What is the final pressure?
26. Why is an adiabatic curve steeper than an isothermal curve?
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Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
(b) How much work is done by the gas? (c) What is the ratio of the final temperature of Model questions
the gas to its initial temperature? [Ans: 476220 pa; 10573 J, 1.58] 1. a) What is mean by internal energy of gas? Why does internal P(Pa)
10. The density of a gas is 1.775Kgm-3 at 270 C and 105 Nm-2 pressure. If the specific heat energy remain constant in an isothermal process? [2]
capacity at constant pressure is 846Jkg -l K-l , find the ratio of specific heat capacity at b) A one mole of an ideal gas undergoes the cyclic process 500
constant pressure to that at constant volume. ABCA as shown in the PV diagram. The path BC is
11. The density of an ideal gas is 1.6 kgm-3 at 270 C and 105 Nm-2 pressure. Its specific heat isothermal at constant temperature 125.6K.
i) What is volume of gas at point B? [1] 200
capacity at constant volume is 312 JKg -l K-1 . Find the ratio of the specific heat at constant
pressure to that at constant volume. [Ans: 1.67] ii) What is the work done along path AB and CA? [2]
2 V(m3 )
12. If the ratio of specific heat capacities of a gas is 1.4 and its density at S.T.P. is 0.09 kg/m3 . 2. a) Why is the molar heat capacity of a gas at constant
Calculate the values of specific heat capacities at constant pressure and at constant pressure always greater than at constant volume? [2]
volume. [Ans: 1.03x104 Jkg -1 K-1 , 1.44×104 Jkg -1 k-1 ] b) A thermodynamic system is taken from initial state D to
13. Five moles of an ideal gas are kept at constant temperature of 530 C while the pressure of intermediate state E by the linear process as shown in
the gas is increased from 1.00 atm. to 3.00 atm. Calculate work done by the gas. [Ans: - figure. Then the volume is reduced to the original value
14881 J] from E to F by an isobaric process. Calculate:
14. A liter of air, initially at 200 C and at 760 mm of Hg pressure, is heated at constant pressure i) The work done by gas is expanding from D to E. [1]
until its volume is doubled. Find (i) the temperature, (ii) external work done by the air in ii) Total work done in one cycle. [2]
expanding, and (iii) the quantity of heat supplied. Specific heat capacity at constant 3. a) Derive an expression for work done during adiabatic
volume = 714J/kg K. [Ans. 586K, 101.3J, 352.8J] process. [3]
15. For hydrogen, the molar heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure are 20.5J b) Heat is added to a system, and the system does 26 J of work. If the internal energy
mol-l K-l and 28.8Jmol-l K-1 . Calculate (i) the heat needed to raise the temperature of 8g of increases by 7 J, how much heat was added to the system? [2]
hydrogen from 100 C to 150 C at constant pressure, (ii) the increase in internal energy of Extra Questions
the gas, molar mass of H2 = 2gm. [Ans: 576 Joule, 410 Joule] 1. A system is taken to its final state from initial state in
16. An ideal gas in slowly compressed at constant temperature of 50 0 C to one half of its hypothetical paths as shown figure. Calculate the work done
original volume. In this process, 80 calorie of heat was given. How much work was done in each case. [Ans: AB = 2.4 × 106 J, CD = -8 ×105 J, BC and DA
and what was the change in the internal energy of the gas? Assume one mole of an ideal zero, because constant volume change]
gas.[Ans: 807.03 J; 1143.03J] 2. During a thermodynamic process, when a system moves fro m
17. 16g of oxygen having volume 0.02m3 at a temperature of 270 C and pressure of 2x105 N/m2 state A to state B, it is supplied with 400 J of heat and does 100
is heated at constant pressure until its volume increases to 0.03 m3 . Calculate the external J of work.
work done and increase in internal energy of the gas if its molar heat capacity at constant a) For this transition, what is the system’s change in internal energy?
volume is 0.8 Jmol-1 K-1 and molar mass of oxygen is 32.[Ans:2×103 J,60 J] b) If the system then moves from state B back to state A, what is its change in internal
18. One mole of oxygen gas at a temperature of 27o C is enclosed in a cylinder. The cylinder energy?
is provided with a frictionless piston which maintains a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere c) If in moving from A to B along a different path, W′AB = 400 J of work is done on the
on the gas. The gas is heated until its temperature rises to 127 o C. system, how much heat does it absorb?
(a) How much heat is supplied to the gas? P
2 . Consider the quasi-static expansions of an ideal gas between
(b) What is the increase in internal energy of the gas? the equilibrium states A and C. If 515 J of heat are added 2 P
(c) How much work is done by the gas in the process? to the gas as it traverses the path ABC, how much heat is
(For oxygen Cp = 7.03 cal mol-1 K-1 , R = 8.31Jmol-1 K-1 ). [Ans: 2952.6J, 2121.6J, 831J] required for the transition along ADC? Assume
19. An engine cylinder has a cross-sectional area of 0.010 m2 . How much work can be done by a P1 =2.10×105 N/ m2 ,P2 =1.05×105 N/ m2 , V1 = 2.25×10-3 m3 and P1
gas in the cylinder if the gas exerts a constant pressure of 7.5× 105 Pa on the piston and V2 = 4.50 ×10-3 m3 V
V1 V2
moves the piston a distance of 0.040 m? [Ans: W  3.0  10 2 J] 3. Heat is added to 1 mole of an ideal monatomic gas confined
20. Calculate the work done when 1 mole of a perfect gas is compressed adiabatically. The to a cylinder with a movable piston at one end. The gas expands quasi-statically at a
initial pressure and volume of the gas are 105 Nm-2 and 6 litres respectively. The final constant temperature of 300 K until its volume increases from V to 3V.
volume of the gas is 2 litres. Molar heat capacity of the gas at constant volume is 3R/2. a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas?
(Ans : 972 J) b) How much work does the gas do?
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Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
c)How much heat is added to the gas? c) Find the internal energy difference between states C and A.
4. When 1.00 g of water at 100 °C changes from the liquid to the gas phase at atmospheric d) Find the total heat added in the ADC process.
pressure, its change in volume is 1.67 × 10-3m3 e) From the information given, can you find the heat
(a) How much heat must be added to vaporize the water? added in process AD? Why or why not?
(b) How much work is done by the water against the [Ans: a) W AB = 0, W BC = 2026 J, W AD =810.4 J,
atmosphere in its expansion? W DC = 0; b) UAB = 3600 J, UBC = 374 J; c). UAC
(c) What is the change in the internal energy of the water? = 3974 J;]
5. As shown in figure, if the heat absorbed by the gas along AB 14. Calculate the heat absorbed by a system in going through
is 400 J, determine the quantities of heat absorbed along (a) the cyclic process as shown in figure. (Ans : 300J)
ADB; (b) ACB; and (c) ADCB.
[Ans: a. 600 J; b. 600 J; c.800J]
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
6. (a) What is the change in internal energy for the process
represented by the closed path shown? Short Answer type Questions
(b) How much heat is exchanged? 1) Why does refrigerator consume more power in summer than in winter to cool the same
(c) If the path is traversed in the opposite direction, how quantity of food by same degree?
much heat is exchanged? [Ans: a. 0; b. 160 J; c. –160 J] 2) Why an ideal heat engine is not cent percent efficient?
7. Gas in a container is at a pressure of 1.6 × 105 Pa and a 3) Can the thermal efficiency of an engine ever be 100%? Give reason.
volume of 4.0m3 . What is the work done by the gas if it 4) An engine cannot have 100% efficiency. Why and which basic expression of
expands at constant pressure to twice its initial volume? thermodynamic law suggest this?
8. An ideal monatomic gas at a pressure of 2.0 × 105 N/m2 and a temperature 5) What is the maximu m theoretical efficiency of a heat engine which takes in heat at 25 0 C
of 300 K undergoes a quasi-static isobaric expansion from 2.0 × 103 to 4.0 × 103 .cm3 and rejects it at 10 0 C.
(a) What is the work done by the gas? (b) What is the temperature of the gas after the 6) Explain on the basis of Carnot’s engine that no heat engine have efficiency of unity.
expansion? (c) How many moles of gas are there? (d) What is the change in internal energy 7) Explain the significant difference between the first and the second laws of
of the gas? (e) How much heat is added to the gas? thermodynamics.
9. The temperature of an ideal monatomic gas rises by 8.0 K. What is the change in the 8) Entropy is defined in the second law of thermodynamics. Can the first law be expressed
internal energy of 1 mole ofthe gas at constant volume? [Ans: 100 J] in terms of entropy? How?
10. When 400 J of heat are slowly added to 10 mol of an ideal monatomic gas, its temperature 9) Spark Plug is not necessary in a diesel engine, why?
rises by 10 °C. What is the work done on the gas? [Ans: 850 J] 10) Explain the significance of second law of thermodynamics.
11. 0.004 mole of gas undergoes the process shown in the figure. 11) Is it possible to construct a heat engine that creates no thermal pollution?
a) What type of process is this? 12) Write down the statements of second law of thermodynamics.
b) What are the initial and final temperature in o C? 13) Petrol engine is less efficient than diesel engine. Explain why?
c) How much work is done? 14) Distinguish between petrol and diesel engine.
(Ans : Isochoric process, 328.7o C, 1532 o C ) 15) Can a room be cooled by leaving the doors of an electric refrigerator open in a closed
12. During the isobaric expansion from A to B represented P(N/m2 )
room?
below, 130 J of heat are removed from the gas. 16) The ocean contains a tremendous amount of heat energy. Why it is not possible to utilize
a) What type of process is this? 1×10 4 it in useful work?
b) How much work is done? 17) Can a Carnot engine be realized in practice?
c) What is the change in its internal energy? 0.15 0.3 V(m3 ) 18) Why will a refrigerator with a fixed amount of food consume more energy in a warm room
13. Consider the process shown below. During steps AB and BC, than in a cold room?
3600 J and 2400 J of heat, respectively, are added to the 19) State second law of thermodynamics
system. 20) What do you understand by the thermal efficiency of a heat engine?
a) Find the work done in each of the processes AB, BC, 21) Is it violation of the second law to convert mechanical energy completely into heat? If so,
AD, and DC. justify it.
b) Find the internal energy change in processes AB and BC. 22) What is the basic difference between the first law and the second law of thermodynamics?
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Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
Long Answer type Questions 4) A Carnot engine whose low temperature sink is at 7o C has an efficiency 50%. Its
1. State and explain the statements of second law of thermodynamics. efficiency is to be increased to 70%, calculate by how many degrees should the
2. Explain the working of Carnot’s engine with the help of P-V diagram temperature of the source to be increased. [Ans : 280K ]
3. Draw P-V diagram of Carnot’s cycle and calculate its efficiency. 5) A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 270 C has an efficiency of 25%. It
4. Describe the working of Petrol engine with the help of P-V diagram. is desired to increase the efficiency to 40%. By how many degrees must i) temperature of
5. Draw and explain P-V diagram of Otto cycle. high temperature reservoir be increased? ii) Temperature of low temperature reservoir be
6. Describe the working of Diesel engine with the help of P-V diagram. decreased?
7. Draw and explain P-V diagram of diesel engine. 6) A Carnot Engine works between 8000 C and 4000 C. If it is possible either to increase the
Numerical Problems source temperature by 500 C or to decrease the sink temperature by 500 C, which of these
Set A actions will be causing more increase in the efficiency? Justify your answer.
1) What will be thermal efficiency of an engine if it takes 8KJ heat from the source and rejects [Ans: To decrease the sink by 500 C because efficiency is more. On Increasing temperature
6KJ to the sink in one cycle? [Ans: 25%] of source efficiency is 40% while on decreasing it is 42%.]
2) An ideal heat engine operates between two reservoirs at two temperatures. In order to Set C
achieve 30% efficiency when the temperature of the sink is 50 0 C, what should be the 1) A petrol engine consumes 5kg of petrol per hour. If the power of engine is 20 kilo watts
temperature of the source? [Ans: 461.43 K] and the calorific value of petrol is 11x103 kcal per kg, calculate the efficiency of the
3) A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work and discards 4300 J of heat each engine.[Ans:31.15%]
cycle. (i) How much heat must be supplied to the engine in each cycle? (ii) What is the 2) A petrol engine consumes 10 kg of petrol in one hour. The calorific value of petrol is 11.4
thermal efficiency of the engine? [Ans: 6500 J, 33.85%] x 103 cal/g. The power of the engine is 20Kwatts. Calculate the efficiency of the engine.
4) A steam engine absorbs 1.98 × 105 J and expels 1.49 × 10 5 J in each cycle. Assume that all [Ans: 15%]
of the remaining energy is used to do work.\ 3) In a petrol engine, the rate of production of heat due to the combustion of the fuel is 6
a) What is the engine’s effic ien cy ? b) How much work is done in each cycle? ×106 cal/hr. The efficiency of the engine is 30%.Calculate the horse power of the engine.
5) The source reservoir of a Carnot engine is at a temperature of 400K and takes 400J of heat Take 1H.P. = 746Watt. [Ans : 2.82 H.P]
and rejects 20J of heat to the sink reservoir in each cycle. What is the efficiency of the Set D
engine and the temperature of the sink? [Ans: 95%, 20K] 1) A Carnot refrigerator takes heat from water at 00 C and discards it to a room at a
6) An engineer claims to have built an engine that takes in 7.5 × 10 4 J and expels 3.5 × 104 J. temperature of 270 C. If 100kg of water at 00 C are to be changed to ice at 00 C, what is the
a) How much energy can the engine provide by doing work? required work in Joules? (Lice = 3.4x105 J/kg)
b) What is the efficiency of the engine? c) Is this efficiency possible? Explain your 2) In refrigerator, the motor has a power output of 200 W. If the refrigerator is working
answer. between the temperature 270 K and 300K. Calculate the amount of heat that can be
7) An inventor claims to have developed an engine which, during certain interval of time, extracted from the sink of the refrigerator in 10 minutes. [Ans : 1.1×10 6 J]
takes in 110×106 J of heat at 415K and rejects 50 ×106 J of heat at 212K while it manages Model Questions:
to do 16.7 kWh of work. Would you invest money in this project? 1.a) Can a Carnot engine be realized in practice?
8) An automobile engine whose thermal efficiency is 22%, operates at 95 cycles per second b) Explain the working of Carnot’s engine with the help of P-V diagram and calculate its
and does work at the rate of 120 H.P. How much work does the engine do per cycle? ( 1 efficiency.
H.P. = 746 watts ) [Ans : 942.3 J/cycle] c) A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 270 C has an efficiency of 25%.
Set B It is desired to increase the efficiency to 40%. By how many degrees must
1) The efficiency of a Carnot cycle is 15%. If on reducing the temperature of the sink by i. Temperature of high temperature reservoir be increased?
650 C, the efficiency becomes double, find the temperature of source and sink. [Ans: ii. Temperature of low temperature reservoir be decreased?
433K,368K] 2.a) No real engine can have an efficiency greater than that of a Carnot engine working
2) A Carnot engine has 40% efficiency with a sink at 10O C. By how many degrees should between the same two temperatures. Why?
the temperature of the source be increased in order to raise the efficiency to 65%? b) The efficiency of a Carnot cycle is 15%. If on reducing the temperature of the sink by
[Ans:63.50 C] 650 C, the efficiency becomes 30%. Find the initial and final temperatures between
3) A Carnot engine works between the source and the sink with efficiency 40%. How much which the cycle is working. [Ans: 433.33K, 368.33K]
temperature of the sink be lowered keeping the source temperature constant so that its 3.a) Describe the working of Petrol engine with the help of P-V diagram.
efficiency increases by 10% [Ans: 30K]
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Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
b) A petrol engine consumes 5kg of petrol per hour. If the power of engine is 20 kilo watts 9.a) A hypothetical thermodynamic cycle is shown in the figure.
and the calorific value of petrol is 11x103 kcal per kg, calculate the efficiency of the Calculate the work done in 25 cycles.[Ans: 7.855×104 J] 107 Pa
engine. (Ans: 31.15%) b) Over several cycles, a refrigerator does 1.51 × 104 J of work 11
4.a) Petrol engine is less efficient than diesel engine. Why? on the refrigerant. The refrigerant in turn removes 7.55 ×
b) Describe the working of Diesel engine with the help of P-V diagram. 104 J as heat from the air inside the refrigerator.
1 3
c) A Carnot engine works between 800° and 400° C. If it is possible either to increase the i) How much energy is transferred as heat to the outside 10 m 3
2 4 6
source temperature by 50°C or to decrease the sink temperature by 50°C, which of these air?
actions will be causing more increase in the efficiency? Justify your answer. ii) What is the net change in the internal energy of the refrigerant?
5.a) Petrol and diesel engine are four stroke practical engines. They have some fundamental iii) What is the amount of work done on the air inside the refrigerator?
differences in working.
b) What difference is there in the supply procedure of fuel in engine? INTERFERENCE
c) What different process occurs during the heat supply in petrol and diesel engine? Answer these questions
d) What are the main reasons of higher efficiency of diesel engine than that of petrol 1.a) What do you mean by interference? Write the conditions for sustained interference.
engine? b) What will happen to the interference pattern if the screen is at infinity from the slit.
6.a) Refrigerator is a heat pump that removes the heat from lower temperature b ody to higher 2.a) What are coherent sources of light? How are they produced?
temperature surrounding. b) Show analytically that bright and dark fringes in young's double slit experiment are
i) Does it violate the principle of second law of thermodynamics? equally spaced.
ii) Show the schematic diagram of working of refrigerator. 3.a) State and explain the principle of superposition of light.
iii)At what condition the coefficient of performance is infinity. Does it realize in b) "Light added to light produces darkness". How? Explain the constructive and destructive
practice? interference.
b) A Carnot refrigerator takes heat from water at 00 C and discards it to a room at a 4.a) What should be the path difference between two interfering waves for constructive and
temperature of 270 C. If 100kg of water at 00 C are to be changed to ice at 00 C, what is destructive interference?
the required work in Joules? (Lice = 3.4x105 J/kg) b) Deduce an expression for the fringe width in the interference pattern.
5.a) Explain why two flash lights held close together will not produce in interference pattern
7.a) State the second law of thermodynamics. [ 1] on a distant screen?
b) A refrigerator transfers heat from a cold body to hot body.
b) Describe Young's double slit experiment for the measurement of wavelength of
Does this not violate the second law of thermodynamics?
monochromatic source of light.
Give reason.[2] 6.a) In Young’s double slits experiment, if the slits separation is doubled and the distance
c) In the given figure, a heat engine absorbs Q amount of heat
between the slits and the screen is halved, how will the fringe width vary?
from a source at temperature T 1 and rejects Q2 amount of heat
b) In a young's double slit experiment the separation of the slits is 0.2mm apart and a third
to a sink at temperature T 2 doing some external work W. brighter fringe is at a distance of 9.49mm from the central fringe on a screen 1m away
i) Obtain an expression for the efficiency of this heat engine. from the slits find the wavelength of the light. (Ans: 6.33x10-7 m)
[1] 7.a) Is the law of conservation of energy obeyed in case of interference of light? Explain.
ii) Under what condition does the efficiency of such engine b) In a young's experiment, the width of the fringes obtained with light of wavelength λ =
become zero percent if at all? [ 1] 600A 0 is 2.0mm. What will be the fringe width, if the entire apparatus is immersed in a
8.a) An ideal gas expands isothermally along AB and does liquid of refractive index 1.33? (Ans: 1.5mm)
700 J of work. P 8.a) If young’s double slits experiment is immersed in water, what will be the effect on fringe
b) How much heat does the gas exchange along AB? width?
c) The gas then expands adiabatically along BC and does b) Two slits are 0.3mm apart and placed 50cm from a screen. What is the distance between
400 J of work. When the gas returns to A along CA, it the second and third dark line of the interference pattern when the slits are illuminated
exhausts 100 J of heat to its surroundings. How much V with a light of 600nm wave length? (Ans: 1x10-3 m)
work is done on the gas along this path? [Ans: a. 700 J; 9.a) When a low-flying aircraft passes over head, we sometimes notice as slight shaking of
b. 500 J] the picture on our T.V. screen. Why?
b) In an experiment using young's slits, the distance between the cntral of the interference
pattern and the 10th bright fringes on either side is 3.44cm. Distance between the slits
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Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
and the screen is 2m. If the wavelength of light used is 5.89×10 -7 m. Determine the slits DIFFRACTION
separation and angle made by the central bright fringe at the slit. (Ans: 3.42x10- 4 m, 1.a) What is diffraction of light?
3.44x10-4 rad) b) Explain the formation of maxima and minima due to diffraction from a single slit
10.a) What will happen if monochromatic source of light is replaced by white light in Young's experiment.
double slit experiment? c) A parallel beam of monochromatic light is allowed to be incident normally on a plane
b) In a young's double slit experiment the separation between the 1 st and 5th bright fringes transmission grating having 5000 lines/cm and the second order spectral line is found
are 2.5mm when the wave length of light used is 6.2×10-4 mm, the distance from the slits diffracted at 300 . Calculate the wave length of the light. (Ans: 5x10-7 m)
to the screen is 80cm. Calculate the separation of two slits. (Ans: 7.936x10-4 m) 2.a) What is diffraction grating?
11.a) Do the two headlights of a car act as coherent sources? Why? b) Diffraction grating is better than a two slit set up for measuring the wavelength of a
b) Two coherent sources are 0.18 mm apart and the fringes are observed on a screen 80cm monochromatic light. Explain.
away. It is found that with a certain monochromatic source of light, the fourth bright c) Show that in a diffraction grating, when the incident light fall normally, n order maxima
fringes are situated at a distance of 10.8mm from the central fringe. Calculate the wave is obtained in a direction is given by (a+b)sin𝜃 n =nλ where the symbols have their usual
length of light. (Ans: 6075x10-10 m) meanings.
12.a) What should be the path difference between two waves in order to produce
3.a) The diffraction of sound waves is more evident in daily experience than that of light
i) Destructive interference ii) Constructive interference
waves. Why?
b) In a young's slits experiment, the separation of four bright fringes is 2.5mm, when the
b) What is Frounhoffer diffraction? Show that the width of central maxima in diffraction
wavelength used is 6.2×10-7 m. The distance from the slits to the screen is 0.80m.
is inversely proportional to the distance between two slits.
Calculate the separation of two slits. (Ans: 7.936x10-4 m)
13.a) If two point coherent sources are placed very close to each other, what happens to the 4.a) What are the differences between Fresnel’s and Fraunhoffer’s diffraction? Are they
interference pattern? different physical processes? Explain.
b) Two slits are 4mm apart and place 1m from a screen. Interference fringes are observed b) Find the position of nth maxima and minima from the central maxima.
using light of 589.3nm wavelength. Find the distance between the third bright fringe c) Light of wavelength 5.40x107 m is focused by a converging lens of focal length 0.5
on either side and fourth bright fringe on the other side of the central fringe. placed immediately in front of the slit which has a wide of 0.1mm. Calculate the distance
14.a) What are the essential conditions for two light waves to be coherent? from the centre of the intensity distribution to the first minimum. (Ans: 2.7x10-3 m)
b) In Young's double slits experiments using a light of wavelength 5.89 10-7 m, the slits 5.a) Radio wave diffracts around building but light waves do not. Why?
were 0.3mm apart and the distance of the slits to the screen were 1.8m. Find the b) Explain the intensity distribution in a diffraction grating.
separation of the fringes. (Ans: 3.5x10-43 m) c) A diffraction grating has 400 lines per mm and is illuminated normally by
15.a) Why do the oil films on the surfaces of water appear to be colored? monochromatic light of wavelength 6.0X10-7 m calculate (a) the grating spacing (b) the
b) Two coherent sources A and B of radio waves are 5m apart. Each source emits waves angle at which the first principle order or maximu m is seen (c) the no of diffraction
with wavelength of 6m. Consider points along the line between two sources , at what maxima obtained. (Ans: 0.25x10-5 m,4)
distances if any from A is the interference i) Constructive ii) Destructive. 6.a) What is the difference between interference and diffraction?
16.a) Interference can be observed with two independent tuning forks but it cannot observed b) Show graphically the variations of intensity in diffraction and intereference pattern in
with to independent bulbs, why? the screen.
b) Analyze the given figure and answer the followin g c) Two spectral line of sodium D1 and D2 have wavelength of approximately 5890A 0 and
questions. In the figure, A and B slits and are d distance 5896 A 0 . A sodium lamp sends incident plane wave on to a slit of width 2 micromet er.
apart, AN is the path difference. A screen is located 2m from the slit. Find the spacing between on the 1 st maxima of two
i) What type of fringe is obtained, bright or dark at point sodium lines as measured on the screen. (Ans: 9x10-4 m)
p,if n=2? 7.a) What are the characteristic elements associated with a diffraction grating? How is plane
ii) What type of fringe would be obtained immediat ely transmission grating constructed?
after P? b) How will you increase the angular width of the diffraction pattern observed in grating?
iii) Find the distance OP in the given figure. c) Find the half angular width of the central bright maximu m in a Fraunhofer diffraction
pattern of a slit of width 12 × 10-5 cm when the slit is illuminated by monochromatic
light of wavelength 6000A o . (Ans: 30 °)
 7
Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
8.a) What happens to the single slit diffraction pattern when the width of the slit is less than b) We do not observe diffraction from a wide slit illuminated by monochromatic light.
the wavelength of the wave? Explain why?
b) Show that angular width of secondary maxima and minima is λ/d where d is the width c) A monochromatic light of wave length 5890A 0 is incident normally on a diffraction
of slit. grating, Which has 6000 line/cm .At what angle will the second order image be
c) How wide is the central diffraction peak on a screen 3.5m behind a 0.01mm slit seen? Can you obtain the third order image with this grating? (45°, Yes)
illuminate by 500nm light?(Ans: 0.35m) 16.a) How does diffraction differ from refraction?
9.a) What happen to the Frounhofer single slit diffraction pattern if the whole apparatus is b) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a
immersed into water? bright spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. Why?
b) In Fraunhofer diffraction due to a narrow slit a screen is placed 2m away from the lens c) Red light of wavelength 6500A o from distant source falls on a slit 0.50mm wide. What
to obtain the pattern. If the slit width is 0.2mm and the first minima lie 5mm on either is the distance between two dark bands on each side of the central bright band of
side of the central maximu m. Find the wave length of light. (Ans: 5000x10-10 m) diffraction pattern observed on the screen placed 1.8m from slit? (0.00468m)
10.a) What do you mean by resolving power of an optical instrument?
b) How will you increase the resolving power of a diffraction grating? POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
c) Light of wavelength 589 nm is used to view an object under telescope. If the aperture Model Questions
of the objective is 0.90cm what is the limiting angle of resolution? (Ans: 7.98x10-5 rad) 1.a) Distinguish between unpolarized and polarized light.
11.a) What is the effect of increasing the wavelength in the diffraction pattern? b) Derive a relation between polarizing angle and refractive index of the medium.
b) What is highest order spectrum, which may be seen with monochromatic light of wave c) A parallel beam of polarized light in air is incident at an angle of 55 0 on a plane glass
length 60000 A by mean of a diffraction grating with 5000 lines/cm? (Ans: 3) surface. If the reflected beam is completely plane polarized, find the refractive index
12.a) Diffraction of audible sound waves is easily observable. Why? and angle of refraction of the transmitted beam. [Ans: 1.42, 35.23°]
b) Two students are separated by a 7m partition wall in a room10m high. If both light and 2.a) What is polarizing angle? Does it depend on the wavelength of light?
sound waves can bend around obstacles, how is it that the students are unable to see b) State and explain Brewster's law and show that µ = Tanθ p
each other even though they can converse easily? c) The polarization angle for glass is 57.50 . What is its refractive index? Also find the
c) A plane transmission grating having 6000 lines/ cm is used to obtain a spectrum of light angle of refraction.(Ans:1.569 ,32.5°)
from a sodium lamp in the second order. Calculate the angular separation between the 3.a) Do sound waves undergo reflection, refraction and polarization phenomenon?
two sodium lines whose wave lengths are 58900 A & 58960 A (Ans: 4 min) b) Explain polarization by reflection with diagram.
13.a) Light of wavelength 589 nm is used to c) The refractive index of the material of polarizer is 1.54 .what is the angle of incidence?
view an object under telescope. If the (Ans:57°)
aperture of the objective is 0.90cm what is 4.a) What are polarizer and analyzer?
the limiting angle of b) Discuss briefly with a help of a suitable diagram what happens when unpolarized light
resolution? (Ans:7.98X10-5 rad) passed through two identical Polaroid where orientation of one Polaroid is fixed and
d) Figure shows the intensity versus angle second is rotated w.r.t first one.
in single slit diffraction c) Calculate the polarizing angle for light travelling from water of refractive index 1.33
i. Name the order of maximu m or to glass of refractive index 1.53.(Ans:49°)
minimum at A,B and C
ii. What is the linear distance and angular distance between x and y. 5.a) What is polarization of light? How is polarized light represented? Show that light
iii. What difference is there in the angular position and intensity in every successive waves are transverse in nature.
b) The polarizing angle for a transparent medium is 600 . What is the refractive index of
maximu m?
14.a) What should be the required slit size to observe diffraction of light? the medium?
b) Diffraction pattern is observed by using a beam of red light, what happens if the red 6.a) In which medium angle of polarization greater either rarer or denser?
b) A beam of light is incident at polarizing angle on a piece of transparent material of
light is replaced by blue light?
c) Consider a diffraction grating of width 5cm, with slit of width 0.0001 cm separation refractive index 1.62. What is the angle of refraction for the transmitted beam? (31.65 °)
by a distance of 0.0002 cm. 7.a) Light wave can be polarized. What about sound waves? Explain.
i. What is the grating element? b) The critical angle for light in a certain substance is 45°. What is the polarizing angle?
ii. How many order would be observable if λ =5.5X10-5 cm? (Ans:3x10-4 m, 5) (53.38°)
15.a) What is the cause of diffraction?
 8
Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
8.a) A physics student went to buy Polaroid glasses. The shopkeeper gave him two similar 5. a) The variation of thermo EMF with temperature of hot junction can be represented by
1
looking glasses. In what way he can differentiate between Polaroid glasses and non the equation E = α θ + βθ2 . Where α and β are constants called thermoelectric
2
Polaroid glasses?
coefficient.
b) At what angle of incidence light reflected from water (𝜇 = 1.3) be completely polarized?
i) Derive formula for neutral temperature and temperature of inversion. [2]
9.a) What are polaroids. Write few uses of it. ii) Draw a graph to show the neutral temperature and temperature of inversion. [1]
b) Prove that the polarizing angle of incidence and the corresponding angle of refraction b) In a given thermocouple the temperature of cold junction is 10°c while temperature of
are complementary to each other. inversion is 510°C .what will be the neutral temperature. [Ans: 260°C] [2]
c) When light of certain wavelength is incident on plane surface of a material at glancing 6. a) What is thermoelectric series? [1]
angle 30° the reflected ray is found to be completely polarized. Find i) refractive index b) What are the significance of thermoelectric series? [2]
ii) angle of refraction and iii) critical angle for the given medium. (√3, 30° ,35.16°) c) What will be the direction of current in a Cu-Fe thermocouple if the temperature of its
10.a) Does the value of polarizing angle of incidence depend on the colour of light? How cold junction is 0°C and that of hot junction is 100°C? Explain. [1]
can you say that a pair of sunglasses is polarizing or not? d) Write down the best thermoelectric material. [1]
b) Draw a graph showing the dependence of intensity of transmitted light on the 7. a) The experimental arrangement to study
anglebetween polarizer and analyzer. thermoelectric effect is as shown in figure.
c) For a given medium, the polarizing angle is 60°. What will be the refractive index and i) Why current flows from copper to iron at
critical angle for this medium? . (√3,35.16°) hot junction? [1]
ii)What will happen if the temperature of
THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT junctions is interchanged? [1]
Short questions b) Does thermoelectric effect obey the law of
1. a) The variation of thermo-emf with the temperature of hot conservation of energy? Explain. [1]
E c) The cold junction of a thermocouple is
junction of any thermocouple in thermoelectric effect is as
shown in graph. maintained at 10ºC. No thermo emf is developed when the hot junction is maintained
i) Why Sb-Bi thermocouple is preferred to Fe-Cu at 530º C. Find the neutral temperature. [2]
thermocouple? [1] θC A B θ 8. a) What do you mean by thermoelectric series ? [1]
ii) What are the temperature at point A & B called? [1] b) Out of Sb-Bi and Cu-Fe thermocouple, which will you prefer and why? [2]
iii) If the value of A and B are 320 K and 500 K, what must be the value of θ c? [1] c) Why is lead used as standard metal in thermo electricity? [1]
b) The thermo-EMF of a Cu–Fe thermocouple varies with temperature t of hot junction 9. a) What is the cause of Seebeck effect? [1]
(cold junction at 0ºC) as E (mV) = 14 t – 0.02t 2 determine the neutral temperature.[2] b) What are the uses of thermoelectric/Seebeck effect? [2]
2. a) Define neutral temperature and temperature of inversion of thermocouple. [2] c) Distinguish between Seebeck effect and Peltier effect. [2]
1. What is the relation between them? [1] 10. a) What is neutral temperature? [1]
2. Are they constant for a given thermocouple? [2] b) On what factors does it depend? [1]
3. a) What is thermocouple? [1] c) On what factors does temperature of inversion depend? [1]
b) What are the factors on which thermo emf produced in a thermocouple depends. [1] d) If the temperature of cold junction of a thermocouple is lowered, what will be the effect
c) One junction of a thermocouple is at 0ºC and the other at ºC. The thermo-emf (in volts) on neutral temperature? [1]
is given by E = 20 × 10−6  – 0.02 × 10 −6 θ2 . Find e) The junctions of nickel - copper thermocouple maintained at 0°C and 100°C. Find the
ii) The neutral temperature. [Ans: θn = 500℃, Emax = 0.005 V] [2] seebeck emf produced. For nickel, α = 16.3x10-6 v/℃ , β = − 0.042x10-6 v/℃.
[Ans:1.42×10-3 V] [2]
iii) The maximu m value of emf. [Ans: θn = 500℃, Emax = 0.005 V] [1]
4. a) Define Peltier effect. [1] Long question
b) What is the cause of Peltier effect? [1] 1. a) What is Seebeck effect? [1]
c) Peltier effect is the converse of Seebeck effect. Explain. [1] d) Why Seebeck effect is considered as reversible effect? [1]
d) The temperature of cold junction of thermos couple is 10°C and the neutral temperature e) Discuss the variation of thermo emf with the change in temperature of the hot junction.
is 270°C.calculate temperature of inversion (Ans: 530 °C) [2] [3]
f) The thermo-emf of a thermocouple is given by the expression E =  – 2 , where  is
the temperature of the hot junction. If  = 42VºC–1 ,  = 0.0035VºC–2 , calculate
 9
Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
(i) Neutral temperature [Ans: θn = 6000 ℃] [2] b) Use this law to find the magnetic field at the center of a circular coil of N turns and
(ii) Temperature of inversion of thermocouple, if the cold junction is at 20ºC. [Ans: carrying current I. [2]
θi = 12,000 ℃ ] [1] c) An alpha particle makes a full rotation in a circle of radius 1.0 meter in 2.0 sec. Calculate
2. a) What are the factors on which the thermo emf produce in a thermocouple depend?[2] the value of magnetic field induction at the center of the circle. [Ans:10-25 T] [2]
b) How does the thermo emf change in a thermocouple when the temperature of the hot 2. a) In the given figure, r (50cm) be the radius of circular segment
junction is changed? [2] (600 ) and I (5A) be the current. Find the magnetic field at point
c) If the temperature of cold junction of thermocouple in lowered, what will be the effect O due the current. [2]
on temperature of inversion? [1] b) A copper wire 28m long is wounded into a flat circular coil
d) The temperature two junction of a thermocouple are maintained at 0℃ and θ℃. The 8cm in diameter. If the current of 4.5Aflows through the coil,
thermoemf (in volt) generated is given by the relation, E=10-5 θ - 0.01×10-5 θ². Find the what is the magnetic induction at the center? [3]
neutral temperature of the thermocouple and maximu m value of the thermo-emf. (Ans: 3. a) Derive an expression for the magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying circular
50℃,0.25mv ) [3] coil. [3]
3. a) What is thermopile? Explain the construction and working of thermopile. [3] b) A coil consisting of 100 circular loops with radius 0.6m carries a current of 5A. At what
b) A thermocouple is not used to measure temperature greater than neutral temperature. distance from the center along the axis, the magnetic field magnitude 1/8 as great as it
Why? [2] is at the center? [2]
c) The thermo-emf of a copper–constantan couple near room temperature is 40 V/ºC. 4. a) A load is attached to a vertically spring as shown in figure. What
What is the smallest temperature difference that can be detected with such a couple and happens to the load when current is passed through the spring? Will its
a galvanometer of 80  resistance capable of detecting currents as low as 1 A. [3] weight decrease? [2]
b) Two parallel straight conductors carry current 12A and 8A in same
MAGNETIC FIELD direction and are 10cm apart. Calculate the position of the point in
Biot-Savart’s law and Ampere’s law between the two conductors where the net magnetic field is zero. [3]
5. a) In the circuit shown in figure, ab is a battery. When switch S is
Short questions
suddenly closed, the wire L is pulled towards the lower
1. A current carrying solenoid tends to contract. Explain why?
2. An electron beam moving with a uniform velocity is gradually diverging. But when conductor parallel with the wire carrying current I.
accelerated to a high velocity, it starts converging. Explain. i) Which (a or b) is the positive terminal of the battery?
Exp lain. [2]
3. If two metallic wires are placed parallel to each other and equal magnitude of current is
passed through each wire, what will be effect on each other? Give reason to your answer. ii) Is the wire pulled towards the conductor if it is not
4. An electron beam and proton beam are moving parallel to each other in the beginning. Do parallel with the conductor? Justify it. [1]
b) An electron beam and proton beam are moving
they always maintain this status? Justify your answer.
parallel to each other in the beginning. Do they always maintain this status? Justify
Long questions
your answer.[2]
1. State and explain Biot-Savart law and use it to find magnetic field due to a long straight
6. a) How does the magnetic field inside the solenoid change if the number of terms is halved
current carrying conductor.
and length is doubled keeping the current same? [2]
2. Derive an expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil carrying current.
b) A wooden ring whose mean diameter is 14cm is wound with a closely spaced toroidal
Explain, what will happen if the circular coil is made infinitely large.
winding of 600 turns.
3. State Biot-Savart law. Derive an expression for the magnetic field produced by a current
i) Compute the magnitude of magnetic field at the center of cross -section of the
carrying circular coil at any point on the axis of the coil.
winding when the current in the winding is 0.650A. [2]
4. State and explain Biot-Savart law and hence use it to find magnetic field due to current
ii) What is the magnetic field if the ring is wounded on a material of relative
carrying solenoid.
permeability 5? [1]
5. State and explain Ampere’s theorem and hence use it to find the magnetic field intensity
7. a) A closed curve encircles several conductors. The line integral around this curve is 3.83
due to a large current carrying solenoid.
x 10-4 Tm. What is the net current enclosed in the conductor? [1]
6. Derive an expression of force per unit length between two parallel conductors separated
b) A current carrying solenoid produces magnetic field along its axis. Does the magnetic
by a distance r and carrying currents I1 and I2 in the same direction.
field at its center change if the iron rod is inserted inside it? If yes, by which factor does
Model Questions: it change? Exp lain. [2]
1. a) State Biot-Savart law. [1]
 10
Khwopa Secondary School Practice Questions of Physics for second term
c) A solenoid is designed to produce magnetic field of 0.0270T at its center. It has radius Some more Numericals
of 1.40cm and length 40cm and the wire carry maximu m current of 12A. 1. In hydrogen atom, an electron is making 6.6× 1015 revolutions per second in a circular
i) What minimum number of turns per unit length most the solenoid has? [1] path of radius 0.53× 10 −10 m. What is magnetic induction produced at the center of orbit?
ii) What total length of wire is required? [1] 2. A circular coil has 100 turns and a mean diameter of 20cm. It carries a current of 5A.
8. a) State Ampere’s theorem [1] Find the strength of magnetic field at a point on its axis at a distance of 15cm from the
b) Use Ampere’s theorem to find magnetic field inside a long current carrying center of coil.
solenoid.[3] 3. A solenoid of length 20cm and radius 2cm is closely wound with 200 turns of wire. The
c) Current is flowing in a solenoid in the direction as shown in figure. Draw the solenoid current in the coil is 5A. Calculate the magnetic flux density along the axis of at the
and the direction of magnetic field. [1] center.
d) You are designing the main solenoid for MRI machine. The solenoid should be 1.63m 4. A wire 28m long is bent N turns of circular coil of diameter 14cm forming a solenoid of
long. When the current is 77.7A, the magnetic field should length 60 cm. Calculate the flux density inside it when a current of 5A passes through it.
be 2.96T and the core of solenoid is air. How many turns [Ans: 6.67×10-4 T] (3)
should your solenoid have? [3] I 5. Two long parallel wires are separated by a distance of 2.50cm. The force per unit length
9. a) Compare Ampere’s law with Biot and Savart’s law.[2] that each wire exerts on other is 4.00×10-5 N/M and the wires repel each other. The current
b) A flat circular coil X is situated inside a similar larger coil Y, as shown. Each coil on one wire is 0.600A. a) What is the current in the second wire (b) Are the two current
has 100 turns. Coil X has a radius of 0.050 m and carries a current of 3.0 A. Coil Y in the same direction or in opposite direction?(Ans 8.3A , opposite direction) [3]
has a radius of 0.10 m and carries a current of 6.0 A in the opposite 6. A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50A in the north-south
direction to that in X. direction. Give the magnitude and direction of B at a point 3m east of the wire.
i) What is the magnitude of the total magnetic flux density at the 7. A closely wound, circular coil with radius 2.4cm has 800 turns (a) what must the current
centre of the coils? [2] in the coil be, if the magnetic field at the centre of the coil is 0.0580T? (b) At what
ii)What is the direction of total magnetic field? [1] distance from the center of the coil, on the axis of the coil, is the magnetic field ½ of its
c) A coil consisting of 100 circular loops with radius 60cm carries a current of 5A. Find value at the centre? (Ans a) 2.77A b) 0.0184m)(3)
magnetic field at a point along the axis of the coil, 80cm from the centre. [3] 8. A toroid has a non-magnetic core of inner radius 25cm and outer radius 26cm around
10. a) Derive an expression for the magnetic field due to a long straight current carrying with 3500 turns of a wire were wound: The current in it is 11A . Find the magnetic field
conductor circular coil carrying current. [3] (i) Outside the toroid (ii) Inside the core of toroid (iii) In the empty space surrounding
b) A current carrying solenoid tends to contract. Explain why? [2] the toroid. (3) (Ans, 0, 3.02×10-2 T,0)
c) Two parallel straight conductors carry current 12A and 8A in same direction and are 9. The radius of a circular coil is R. The distance on the axis from the centre of the coil
10cm apart. where the intensity of magnetic field is 1/2√2 times that at the center, then what will be
i) Calculate the total magnetic field at a point mid-way between the two conductors. the distance on the axis from the center?(2)
[2] 10. There are 50 turns of a wire in every cm length of a long solenoid. If 4 ampere current is
ii) What is total magnetic field at mid-way between the same two conductors if current flowing in the solenoid, calculate the approximate value of magnetic field along it s axis
is flowing in opposite direction? [1] at an internal point and at its one end. (3)
11. a) Derive an expression of force per unit length between two parallel conductors 11. If the strength of the magnetic field at a point r near a long straight current -carrying wire
separated by a distance r and carrying currents I1 and I2 in the same direction. [3] is B. what will be the value of the field at a distance r/2? [2]
π
b) Three parallel wires A, B & C each carries current ‘I’ in the 12. An arc of a circle of radius R subtends an angle at the Centre. It carries a current I. what
A B C 2
directions shown in figure. If the separation between adjacent will be the magnetic field at the center? [2]
wires is ‘r’, then write an expression of the magnetic force per
unit length on wire A due to current in the wire B and C. [1]
c) Two long parallel straight conductors carry current 12A and
8A in the same direction. If the wires are 10cm apart, find
where a third parallel wire also carrying a current must be r r
placed so that the force experienced by it is zero. [3]
d) An electron beam moving with a uniform velocity is gradually diverging. But when
accelerated to a high velocity, it starts converging. Explain. [1]