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ICSE G+10 Arithmetic+Progression+and+Geometric+Progression Notes

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12 views6 pages

ICSE G+10 Arithmetic+Progression+and+Geometric+Progression Notes

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jpriyanshu009
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Notes :

Arithmetic Progression
Topics to Be Covered

1 Sequence

2
Arithmetic Progression
2.1. Introduction and Formulae
2.2. Assumption of Terms
2.3. Arithmetic Means
2.4. Properties of A.P.
1. Sequence

A group of numbers, which are arranged in a definite


order following a certain rule is called a sequence.
For example: 2, 4, 6, 8, …

The numbers used in a sequence are called its terms.

2. Arithmetic Progression

2.1. Introduction and Formulae

An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers


such that the difference between the consecutive terms
is a constant.

First term (𝒂) Last term (𝒍)

2 5 8 11 14

+3 +3 +3 +3

Common difference (𝒅)


2. Arithmetic Progression

𝑎 = first term, 𝑑 = common difference, 𝑙 = last term

𝒏𝒕𝒉 term of 𝑛𝑡ℎ term from beginning: 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅


an A.P. 𝑛𝑡ℎ term from end: 𝒂′𝒏 = 𝒍 − 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅

𝒏
If last term is known: 𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒍) Sum of 𝒏
terms of
𝒏
If number of terms is known: 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅 an A.P.

2.2. Assumption of Terms

Number
Assumptions to be Common
of terms
made difference
in A.P.

𝟑 𝒂 − 𝒅, 𝒂, 𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒅

𝒂 − 𝟑𝒅, 𝒂 − 𝒅, 𝒂 + 𝒅,
𝟒 𝟐𝒅
𝒂 + 𝟑𝒅

𝒂 − 𝟐𝒅, 𝒂 − 𝒅, 𝒂, 𝒂 + 𝒅,
𝟓 𝒅
𝒂 + 𝟐𝒅
2. Arithmetic Progression

2.3. Arithmetic Means

If 𝑛 arithmetic means (A.M.s) namely 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … , 𝐴𝑛 are


inserted between 𝑎 and 𝑏 then 𝑎, 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , … 𝐴𝑛 , 𝑏 are in A.P.
Then there are in total 𝑛 + 2 terms in A.P.

How to find Arithmetic Means?

Find common difference 𝑑 using


Step 1:
𝒃=𝒂+ 𝒏+𝟏 𝒅

Find arithmetic means using


Step 2:
𝑨𝒊 = 𝒂 + 𝒊𝒅, 1 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛

2.4. Properties of A.P.

If the same fixed non-zero number is


added or subtracted from each term
Property 1:
of an A.P., the resulting sequence is
also an A.P.

If each term of a given A.P. is


Property 2: multiplied or divided by a given non-
zero fixed number, the resulting
sequence is an A.P.
Mind Map

Sequence

Arithmetic
Progression

Assumption of Properties of
Terms A.P.

Arithmetic
Formulae
Means

𝒏𝒕𝒉 term Sum of 𝒏 terms

𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 (𝑎 + 𝑙)
2

𝑛
𝑎𝑛′ = 𝑙 − 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2

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