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CFDPython (/github/barbagroup/CFDPython/tree/master)
/ lessons (/github/barbagroup/CFDPython/tree/master/lessons)

Text provided under a Creative Commons Attribution license, CC-BY. All code is made available under the FSF-
approved BSD-3 license. (c) Lorena A. Barba, Gilbert F. Forsyth 2017. Thanks to NSF for support via CAREER award
#1149784.
@LorenaABarba (https://twitter.com/LorenaABarba)

12 steps to Navier–Stokes

You see where this is going ... we'll do 2D diffusion now and next we will combine steps 6 and 7
to solve Burgers' equation. So make sure your previous steps work well before continuing.

Step 7: 2D Diffusion

And here is the 2D-diffusion equation:

2 2
∂u ∂ u ∂ u
= ν + ν
2 2
∂t ∂x ∂y

You will recall that we came up with a method for discretizing second order derivatives in Step 3,
when investigating 1-D diffusion. We are going to use the same scheme here, with our forward
difference in time and two second-order derivatives.

n+1 n n n n n n n
u − u u − 2u + u u − 2u + u
i,j i,j i+1,j i,j i−1,j i,j+1 i,j i,j−1
= ν + ν
2 2
Δt Δx Δy

Once again, we reorganize the discretized equation and solve for ui,j n+1

n+1
ν Δt
n n n n
u = u + (u − 2u + u )
i,j i,j 2 i+1,j i,j i−1,j
Δx
ν Δt
n n n
+ (u − 2u + u )
2 i,j+1 i,j i,j−1
Δy

In [1]: import numpy

from matplotlib import pyplot, cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D ##library for 3d projection plots
%matplotlib inline

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In [2]: ###variable declarations

nx = 31
ny = 31
nt = 17
nu = .05
dx = 2 / (nx - 1)
dy = 2 / (ny - 1)
sigma = .25
dt = sigma * dx * dy / nu

x = numpy.linspace(0, 2, nx)
y = numpy.linspace(0, 2, ny)

u = numpy.ones((ny, nx)) # create a 1xn vector of 1's

un = numpy.ones((ny, nx))

###Assign initial conditions

# set hat function I.C. : u(.5<=x<=1 && .5<=y<=1 ) is 2
u[int(.5 / dy):int(1 / dy + 1),int(.5 / dx):int(1 / dx + 1)] = 2

In [3]: fig = pyplot.figure()

ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X, Y = numpy.meshgrid(x, y)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, u, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.viridis,
linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

ax.set_xlim(0, 2)
ax.set_ylim(0, 2)
ax.set_zlim(1, 2.5)

ax.set_xlabel('$x$')
ax.set_ylabel('$y$');

n+1
ν Δt
n n n n
u = u + (u − 2u + u )
i,j i,j 2 i+1,j i,j i−1,j
Δx
ν Δt
n n n
+ (u − 2u + u )
2 i,j+1 i,j i,j−1
Δy

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In [4]: ###Run through nt timesteps

def diffuse(nt):
u[int(.5 / dy):int(1 / dy + 1),int(.5 / dx):int(1 / dx + 1)] = 2

for n in range(nt + 1):

un = u.copy()
u[1:-1, 1:-1] = (un[1:-1,1:-1] +
nu * dt / dx**2 *
(un[1:-1, 2:] - 2 * un[1:-1, 1:-1] + un[1:-1, 0:-2]) +
nu * dt / dy**2 *
(un[2:,1: -1] - 2 * un[1:-1, 1:-1] + un[0:-2, 1:-1]))
u[0, :] = 1
u[-1, :] = 1
u[:, 0] = 1
u[:, -1] = 1

fig = pyplot.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, u[:], rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.viridis,
linewidth=0, antialiased=True)
ax.set_zlim(1, 2.5)
ax.set_xlabel('$x$')
ax.set_ylabel('$y$');

In [5]: diffuse(10)

In [6]: diffuse(14)

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In [7]: diffuse(50)

Learn More
The video lesson that walks you through the details for Steps 5 to 8 is Video Lesson 6 on You
Tube:

In [8]: from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo

YouTubeVideo('tUg_dE3NXoY')

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Out[8]:

In [9]: from IPython.core.display import HTML

def css_styling():
styles = open("../styles/custom.css", "r").read()
return HTML(styles)
css_styling()

Out[9]:

(The cell above executes the style for this notebook.)

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