1. Metaphor. (Camel compared to ship.

Just as the ship carries people across

the seas, the camel carries people across the desert.)
2. Antithesis (Two opposite statements placed together in a balanced form)
3. Epigram (Apparently contradictory but there is an underlying deeper
meaning)
4. Synecdoche, Individual for the class (Shylock represents miserly men)
5. Transferred epithet (The individual referred to as “I” is “sleepless”, not
the “night”; epithet or adjective is transferred from the word it properly
belongs to, to another)
6. Metonymy, Container for the thing contained (The word “cup” is
substituted for the drink inside the cup)
7. Metaphor (The Lord is compared to a rock and a fortress, a force that
protects and defends)
8. Alliteration (the letter “l” is repeated in the beginning, middle and end of
words close to each other)
9. Apostrophe (“Judgement”, an abstract concept, is addressed as if it was a
person)
10.Metonymy, Container for the thing contained (The word “purse” is
substituted for the thing inside the purse, money or lack of it)
11.Personification (“Beauty”, an abstract concept, is attributed human
qualities such as “keep her lustrous eyes”)
12.Climax (Words or ideas arranged in an ascending order), also Alliteration
(The letter “S” repeated at the beginning of two words placed close to
each other “strive” and “seek”)
13.Metonymy, Instrument for the agent (The words “pen” and “sword” are
substituted for the agent using it, “writer” and “fighter”)
14.Litotes (In the phrase “not a few men”, by denying the contrary or
opposite, more is expressed, as in “a lot of men”)
15.Chiasmus (The order of the words “Fair” and “foul” are repeated in an
inverted manner)
16.Alliteration (The letter “s” is repeated at the beginning of the words
“slumber”, “spirit” and “seal” placed close to each other) also
Hyperbaton (the grammatical order of the words in the statement are
inverted where the correct order should have been “A slumber sealed my
spirit”)
17.Metaphor (An implicit comparison made between “brevity” and the
soul”, like the soul gives life to a person, “brevity” gives life to “Wit”)
18.Apostrophe (Milton is addressed as if he was present before the speaker,
however he is not since he is dead and the poet wishes he was alive at the
present moment)
19. Anti-climax (Words or ideas placed in a descending order of importance)
20.Oxymoron ( The opposite words “kind” and “cruelty” are placed
together)
21.Metonymy, Effect for cause (The word “death”, the effect, is substituted
for the “arrow” which causes death)
22.Metonymy, Symbol for thing symbolised (The word “chair” is substituted
for the chairperson)
23.Personification (“Nature” , an abstract concept, is attributed the human
quality of putting people to sleep)
24.Epigram (Apparently contradictory however conveys a deeper meaning)
25.Metonymy, Cause for Effect (The word “sun”, the cause, is substituted
for sunlight, the effect)
26.Synecdoche, Part for the whole (The word “heads”, a part, is substituted
for the whole person)
27.Metaphor (An implicit comparison is made between “Necessity” and
“mother”, like the mother gives birth to new life, necessity gives birth to
new inventions)
28.Hyperbaton (The grammatical order is inverted where the correct order
should have been “I have travelled much in the realms of gold”)
29.Apostrophe (The abstract concept “Liberty” is addressed as if it was a
person)
30.Metonymy, Instrument for the agent (The word “press” is substituted for
the news reporter who uses the press)
31.Antithesis (Contradictory ideas placed in a balanced form)
32.Metaphor (Implicit comparison made between drinking from a cup to the
very end (lees) and enjoying life to the very end) also Alliteration (The
letter “l” is repeated at the beginning of the words “life” and “lees”
placed close to each other)
33.Pun (The word “second” is used in two different levels of meaning—
“second” as in duration of time and “second” as in a second wife)
34.Synecdoche, Whole for the part (The word “dust”, the whole, is
substituted for the body, a part)
35.Hyperbaton (The grammatical order of the words are inverted where the
correct order should have been “The ways of God are just”)
36.Metaphor (An implicit comparison is made between the heart and a stone,
stony as in stone-like)
37.Personal metaphor (The “earth” a part of nature, is attributed human
qualities and there is an implied comparison)
38.Alliteration (The letter “p” is repeated at the beginning of the words
“puffs”, “powders” and “patches” placed close to each other and the letter
“b” is likewise repeated at the beginning of “bibles” and “billet-doux”)
39.Metaphor (Implicit comparison made between “experience” and “arch”,
just as an arch or gateway leads us into a new space, experience leads us
to new knowledge)
40.Personification (The plant “rose” is attributed with human quality of
pride), also Hyperbaton (the grammatical order of the sentence is inverted
where the correct order should have been “The rose is proud, with rains
and dews”)
41.Transferred epithet (The epithet “busy” is transferred from “He” to which
it properly belongs to “life”)
42.Oxymoron (The opposite words “bitter” and “sweet” are placed together)
43.Chiamus (The words “live” and “learn” are repeated in an inverted order)