Week 14

KT24503 Database
Important Dates

Project 2 Submission (10%)

01 • 28 January Friday 11.55pm

02 Final Exam (40%)

• 13 February Monday 9-12pm
 Final Exam Topics Included:
• The Relational Database Model
• Entity Relationship Modeling
• Normalization
• SQL
• Transaction and Concurrency Control

• All structured questions

• Consists of 4 questions (30-25-20-25)
 -Relational Schema
-Logical database model
-relational model

01
Revision
ER Diagram to Relational Model Conversion

Relational Model represents how data is

stored in database in the form of table.
2.Entity set with multi valued attribute:

Employee (EmpID, Name)

3.Entity set with Composite attribute:
4 . Entity with Derived Attribute

Employee (Emp_No, Ename, DOjoin)

5. 1:M (One–to–many) Relationship

CarPlate FoodReadyTime
DeliveryNo
Name PickUpAddress

1 M
RIDER Makes DELIVERY
RiderNo
DeliveryAddress

Relational Schema
RIDER (RiderNo, Name, CarPlate)
DELIVERY (DeliveryNo, PickUpAddress, DeliveryAddress, RiderNo, FoodReadyTime)

Foreign Key
6. M:N (many to many) Relationship:
7. 1:1 (one to one) Relationship:
5 .Weak Entity

Relational Schema
Officer (Loan_number, Amount)
Payment (Loan_number, Payment_number, Date)
 STEP 1: Write the
relational schema
for all the entities

Employee (EmployeeID, FN, LN, DOB)

EmployeeContactNo ( EmployeeID, ContactNo)
Project (ProjectID, ProjectName)
Company (CompanyName, Location)
Salary (SalaryID, ModeOfPayment, DateOfSalary)
 STEP 2: Write the
relational schema
for all the
relationships:

Employee (EmployeeID, FN, LN, DOB, Company_Name, DateOfJoin, SalaryID, ProjectID, StartDate)
EmployeeContactNo ( EmployeeID, ContactNo)
Project (ProjectID, ProjectName)
Company (CompanyName, Location)
Salary (SalaryID, ModeOfPayment, DateOfSalary)
02
SQL
ERD for HR System
 Q1 Answer:

SELECT first_name, last_name,

Write a query in SQL to display the hire_date, salary, department_id
first name and last name, hire date, FROM employees
salary, and department number WHERE last_name NOT LIKE ‘%M%'
for those employees whose last ORDER BY department_id ASC;
name does not containing the
letter M and make the result set
in ascending order by department
number.
 Q2 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to

SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name)
display the full name AS Fullname ,job_id,hire_date
(first and last), job id FROM employees
and date of hire for WHERE
hire_date BETWEEN '1996-05-05’
those employees who
AND '1997-07-05'
was hired during
March 5th, 1996 and
July 5th, 1997.
 Q3 Answer:

SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name)
AS Fullname,salary,department_id
Write a query in SQL to display the FROM employees
full name (first and last name), WHERE manager_id IS NULL
salary, and department number
for those employees who is not
working under a manager.
 Q4 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to display SELECT * FROM employees

WHERE YEAR(hire_date)=1997
all the information of AND MONTH(hire_date) IN (9,10)
employees who have been
hired in the month of
September and October,
1997.
 Q5 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to display SELECT job_id, count(employee_id,

sum(salary, max(salary)-min(salar
job ID, number of employees,
FROM employees GROUP BY job_id
sum of salary, and
difference between highest salary
and lowest salary for a job
 Q6 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to

SELECT country_id, count(city)
display the country ID FROM locations
and number of cities GROUP BY country_id
in that country we
have.
 Q7 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to display SELECT manager_id,count(employee_id)

FROM employees
the manager ID and number GROUP BY manager_id
of employees managed by
the manager.
 Q8 Answer:

Select CONCAT (e.first_name,' ',

Write a query in SQL to display the e.last_name) AS FULLNAME ,
employees full name (first name count(d.employee_id) AS NoDEPENDENTS
and last name) who have from employees e, dependents d
WHERE d.employee_id = e.employee_id
dependents and number of group by e.employee_id
dependents they have and make order by fullname;
the result set in ascending order by
full name.
 Q9 Answer:
SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name,
d.department_name, e.salary
Write a query in SQL to display FROM employees e, departments d
the first name, last name, WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id
AND e.salary >8000;
and department name and
salary for employees who OR
earn more than 8000. SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name,
d.department_name, e.salary
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id
AND e.salary >8000;
 Q10 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to display the

SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name,
first name, last name, d.department_id, d.department_name
department number and FROM employees e
department name, for all JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id
employees for departments 8 or AND d.department_id IN (8,4)
4 and display the result ordered ORDER BY e.last_name
by last name.
 Q11 Answer:

SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name,

Write a query in SQL to display d.department_name, l.city,
those employees who contain a l.state_province
FROM employees e
letter s to their first name and JOIN departments d
also display their last name, ON e.department_id = d.department_id
JOIN locations l
department name, city, and ON d.location_id = l.location_id
state province. WHERE e.first_name LIKE '%s%’;
 Q12 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to display SELECT CONCAT (e1.first_name, ' ',

the full name (first name, e1.last_name) AS "employee_name",
CONCAT (e2.first_name, ' ',
last name) of all employees e2.last_name) AS "manager_name"
including the full name (first FROM employees e1
JOIN employees e2
name, last name) of their ON e1.manager_id = e2.employee_id;
manager.
 Q13 Answer:

SELECT d.department_name,
Write a query in SQL to display l.city,
l.state_province
the department name, city, FROM departments d
and state province for each JOIN locations l
ON d.location_id = l.location_id;
department.
 Q14 Answer:

Write a query in SQL to SELECT d.department_name,

display department name CONCAT(e2.first_name, ' ', e2.last_name) AS
MANAGER_NAME
and the full name (first FROM departments d
JOIN employees e1
and last name) of the ON d.department_id = e1.department_id
manager. JOIN employees e2
ON e2.manager_id = e1.employee_id;
 Q15 Answer:

SELECT CONCAT(e.first_name, '

Write a query in SQL to display the ', e.last_name) AS full_name, e.salary
full name (first and last name), FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
and salary of those employees ON e.department_id = d.department_id
who working in any JOIN locations l
ON d.location_id = l.location_id
department located in London. WHERE l.city ='London'
 Q16 Answer:

SELECT d.department_name,
Write a query in SQL to display COUNT(e.employee_id) AS
the department name and num_employees
FROM departments d
number of employees in each
JOIN employees e
of the department. ON d.department_id =
e.department_id
GROUP BY d.department_name;
 03
Normalization
Steps in normalization

3rd normal form is

generally considered
sufficient

34
Need to know the steps:
1. Identify Candidate Keys??
(staffNo, patNo, appointment) staffNo dentistName patNo patName appointment surgeryRoomNo

S1011 Felix Leong P100 Nina Evans 13-Jan-17 10.00 S15

S1011 Felix Leong P105 Raymond Choo 13-Jan-17 12.00 S15
2. Find functional dependencies?
S1024 Chrissy Chin P108 Natasha Isak 13-Jan-17 10.00 S10
○ Partial dependencies S1024 Chrissy Chin P108 Natasha Isak 15-Jan-17 14.00 S10
DENTIST (staffNo, dentistName); S1032 Meliana Santi P105 Raymond Choo 15-Jan-17 16.30 S15

PATIENT (patNo, patName) S1032 Meliana Santi P110 Scarlett Tan 16-Jan-17 18.00 S13

○ Full dependencies
APPOINTMENT (staffNo, patNo, appointment, surgeryRoomNo)

-3NF – Remove transitive dependencies

- Referential Integrity is a rule that states that every value of a foreign key must match a
value of an existing primary key
- The staffNo in APPOINTMENT must exist in staffNo in DENTIST
- The patNo in APPOINTMENT must exist in patNo in PATIENT
 UNF
● Normalize the table until 3NF Order (OrderNo, Date, CustNo, CustName, CustAddress,
City, Country, ProductNo, Description, Quantity, UnitPrice)

Step 1: Identify Candidate Keys and remove multivalued

attributes
CK is (OrderNo, CustNo, ProductNo)

Step 2: 1NF
Customer (CustNo, CustName, CustAddress, City,
Country)- > partial dependencies
Product (ProductNo, Description, UnitPrice) - > partial
dependencies
2NF/3NF – remove transitive dependencies
Order ( OrderNo, CustNo, ProductNo ,Date, Quantity)
Customer (CustNo, CustName, CustAddress,Country)- full dependencies
Country ( countryId, countryName, cityID)
City (cityID, cityName)
Product (ProductNo, Description, UnitPrice)
Order ( OrderNo, CustNo, ProductNo ,Date, Quantity)
- full dependencies