| - eae | AWIOMNTA AND COMPILER DESIGN | NTE. | Trbeduction 40 Formal Larsanes | Symbols 4 Syrod \e “Simpy, a character \ Exe Symbol = fa, bc> RY Symloo\ = LQ S> S5% FS Sumbal = 7) fisaia-. 4 aoe alpraloet is a Binite , aon empiy Seb of Symools- EL ts denoted ey S he symlocls | ae called the \etters af the alphabet - | Ex= S= jo.\4 the Binary. alphabet . | = fasbse, 24 the set of all lower ense | \etlers a : Alplnatoet : i j Powes of alprolect is the set of all ehings of the length | kK over alphaloct 8. we use notation 3 | | | Ee S's go syser af al ahrings a lend 2 \ = §00, 04 510,41} set of all Stings of \enatn 2 | + {E} yeqardless af what Nee 3 i6,8 is | the ating having Jenatin Sa Shrings = A string, over an dipaloet S je 4 finke seqvence of symbols fom a\preloct Ss. : | | | | ee- s= fois Stings Ine Gs ON OomOum tOMOtay Ord se | etc| Operctions on strings + : | A> Length af a stingt “he \encth of the string, oe nurloer all Syrrlodis composing, Ane adying, FY le Gen | by \wil- Bu Wl = aablo hen \wl) 4 Wwl = otolo Aken \wl- & 2 Emply string: The empy axing le the hing, with geo Syvbsls ond aero length: FR is denoted oy 'e'. \el=o0 Sprain and sufPixc of a shina A preha) ofa) sting 6 ony, oureloey of leading, symbels” of that sting 6x= — etxing aloe Prefit': € , a, ab ,abe A. enfin at a sting Is any number af hailing symbol of that sting fae sting abc Suffix: €.¢ , be, abe 4 concatenation of shings- Concatencrtion of two ekings is writing Jack sting, Lollowed by the second string uth no inlerveming space. | Gaz let x-ab 24-04, Bnd xy, yx 9 Ky = albpa, : | YX = pqab | XY # YX.a Larepoges: arena A larapage L over the alphabet £ ie aaubrek of 20 Tht | \8 ® lemopage is a sel of ebings over the alven allpraloet \. Lee*. 1 is lanquace over 2 2. A larquage can be empty L= > | 3: Empty lanquage is not equal to empty sking, Opections On larquages = \; Upion: Union js the simplest aperction on trey languages) TR Li and Le ave suse lanquaqes then the Union denoted Lia te a Lanquage containing all stings Cw from both Vonquages- Ole Goto aio ie ay EX> La = fos04.40 44% te = fo,o1,co8% Ly UL) = YoroL. 40.44 ,ooty 2. Concalenction. The cencalenalion AB sf lanquages A and & is defined oy, AB= {ov loen. veg} | | Exe A= foo,\th | | B= Sol \ AB = Sooo S047 40 5 My | BA = ‘{oob) of44 400% 14 y" AB + BA| D Closure perio > DS Weene\ ator closure? oe SIV SAGisye y+ « D positive closure» Ses aus ios Fintle stole madiine- Fig. model of Fwite Automata a xead arly head and Akines The change cf conPiqueation . This operation defines on a St S a derived seb having, AS meriners » the empty sing and al) skxings Formed oy Concalencling, a Kine numioer & Stings i975 Me positive closure fa language ts defined a5 An ovlomala is aq dostrat model of a digital computer. A Brite atlomata consleis af a Finite Memaxy Called input Lope a Bnike Set at stales . am input. alphabet | a ctansiton uncon ; Which | 1 omhe inpd Jape is Lees Io Celle and each cell Cniains OMe symlod\ Fromm Ahe Wnpul alpraleet: [> The’ surdool je usedd a tne leftmost cel pales) ict Ca) called vight end wrarkiex Jo indlecke the beginning and end oh the Hapa hope. P>s head Meads one eyo on the irpid tape and fine Control controls the next Confiquiakon . F> The Reading head reads Ine calls one toy one from left XO Vight. and ol a dime only one input curdea\ te vead Pathe xeading Head cant uke and paoe back wad so Ainke aulymata cart vemewber Ne previots vead symbols: on & Finke Adornatas A Fine automata can be xepreserted by o S tuples M = CQ,2,8,4%0,F) Where DQG a arte cet of stoles DZ a Side cat gf wprds called eos Alphabet: OS fea ded Se an oY mapping Suncion Which mops Qxrz into Q AS. QxZ > Q W qo EM ta the ial sAdcle 8) FCQ bs he Firal atote end movker and tne syrreo\ ie used av whe Reg | 1 |- © Transition Diogram' ee “Rensition Se is a diveded Graph associated wt | & Ste autornala «HP here ts 4 chanson Prom state a4 Stale Pon tnput a, Shen cheve ‘© an ace Anbeled 6 from slcle gq 46 stale Pty the -tansillon liagsann > Transition Diagram contains Lape | ® sel a states as civeles, Bie sees G2 folk) ons, “6 Final gates by doubles civle ) ey BA Finke cet af transitions Cedges) that show how to | Qo fom ore stale to other. | exe | i seh: GET DR) | Las as ie er |“ronstion Tales T > ® Aronson able \s a Corneronal .abulay xepesentation Af Avansition function s sek “Aaes {wo akquenents and weluns a value, F> Whe rows af the lable cawespond to the shales and Cur. “HS Conespond Jo the Wpuls. The: enkiy Ror the Ow Coxesponds te slate 'q! and column cowespond 40 input “ol AS te chale EAGAN GS) ¢ T> Tamsition Sale for She aloove Anandiion diaqrarn laren linia CaN fs | < ° A | Pe denial | ay q Ye Ae | | ite lo ee eye | | Aa) Ay V2 Transition ‘Tablei ! ® Acceplance & Se * a sting X ts accepled by a fine / aulorrala OX COp era a. eS ie Sil Wd =% for ddene Ve * This is loasically the atecaplabiity of a sing by the fica shole. f Tres & fine Automata’ Non delerninicte | | Delerminikic Finite Audorncta(nrAd Mintle Autamata (ot) DEA COcaeicishe ple auecdta) PTn delereriniske Ginke oulomole oo Input syrabs) causes te move mse Shan one stole ov a tole does not contain more Yan ane konsiton Box same borat symbol: > €ach ond every shale thas te consime all tne input sibs) peat inZ. | PEA Gemotly defined by & tuple notation = (Q 42,8 29408 | wwihere | i ee | Pe eer sate ay Se 5 — tc athe Ahanstien Buncion Cor) mapping function which maps St Qre —-Q J. — wital siete eR - Fine) SaleExamples a pra ‘nebel 2 Non— Deleyminiahe Eivile" Bulornala tnicnd— PU NERA Deters le une alae tuple = @,2,5, BOISE) where DQis o finde Seg states DZ tsa Bole Set af Inputs : Scns the transitory, Furcton mapping Kom Q¥z In 2 Me ei aoiser co Of Q the det af all sulosels at @ [Das is intial Sole DF S Fnol ke Broce. 5 | | | | | rPrctlams 1. Consider bdow -ransition diagvam and verify whelher the Fellovsing Styngs will be accepted ox rot) Explain © “@r he la ain te) 6 Figs Transition Disgrar ly 3 Gay WJ ololo1 Hi} wiioo, Ww) toto} solr i MW = CQ,2, $540, F) Q = fa,8.¢,03 = = fo} \ Vo = Fn | | Fo = fay | if S@o,x=4 fox Some qe WRanskon “die for the give Disov arn,D oor Alqo,x) = Ver ACA oolS = | SCR) +» © SCA) & &Cps1) FA : S0 A is € Find sla te AEF . OOll is acceplked. , WS loro} SCA, oloiot) 1 SC, oles ES Ce 0101) + 4CD, lol) + §¢n,ol) F dCe.0D ans cde OlO101 is mot accepled 31) \Witod & CAL Wood ES CD N00) © § A Noo) © S Cb, 100) F&A j00) £4830) rae ep Ee: ta Woo {fs accepkd.ml JCA, outor SF 4 Cd, 01N0}) Yd cesiors F dee, 01) | + § (e101) | | + ACB, 01) Fata sy) | tema bee ~ = JONI) is mot actepled Q| Draw the thansikton dtagram For bdow FA = {LA B.5d%, foi. Os cuy SCAOD = Scay= §4,8, a $06.0) = 8,88) = \Acch & Ces0) = AB, cA scan) = Ago § Cp,0) = ese 6,9} SCD een cen so\- pe Ca 565%. 5) Q= {a,p,c>5% 2 = §0,\% cr eaicad {ct § = Wales ee ee | NS \owtto)Wanstion lables fae. fa sch | ©} tech FB0} | Dp] {Asee.d3 Las | | | | | | | | | Fig Tension diaqyary Fox the Given gine Puhorcete | 2) the axaph vepresenis the DFA I= Chaos: 5924, dosh, $0, fh) Where S t6 Ger BS | AC%,03 = A» SC%o,4d=9) | $Cq,,0) = % >» § AD =e | { | §l4,,0)= 4. , § Aur | | shovo thot ik accepls stings ol, tot, oi and woo) but | not lod o% loo. sol- M=CQ 52, £.%.F) le Nea hoes | AE4 = {ot Fe fas Kansition AXooyearn ae 5 EG o 4 Transition lable + | DO) 5 dla 01) 8 C40, + | Wer | - et to acceped 4 Ca, 1015 40a, 0) Esta.» ba, | AEF -. to\ bs actepled| hen penn athe RS rm", rs a aa im ly ee na Te CRU 3) ory SCA, 0101) HS C40, Wd Fd Ca, 0) FA C4551) +4, ayer . onl ts accepled UW) \\oo} AL>y , Woo) ) F ACay , 1001) FA4, 001) | Sea, ol) Fitq,,0 ra, aeF W00\ is accepled 5) 106 S40,100) F £041 00) F 40% ,0) E40 doe + 100 {5 aot accepled 6) \\o0 Cao, \Woo) FSCq, 2190) + C4 500) £4 (4, 50) ho 4, g ie 100 is pot aceeplked@. UW) consider the DFA M=CQZ)S,90,6) Where Q= 855,93. 4 Ao: & = lool, Gaetan Nasow Were ON ciey mumbex 4 : uh be And g§ Junctions and ts accepled te e when ‘MP is \ en is oabba’ praw the stale diagram A dddle fo QW in “alle. ACA 5°) Vo % Vy Wa ein] [oo h(a) =) ae) Qe 440,214 ; | 2 = fa, | ea ses | | Fe = {rok | Wansiton fable en & 4, Transition diagrarnQe ee a ACA, aabbad 14 (4p, abba) +4 Co, Boa) E169 4 059) NerecVO) | WEF i : | | *. Gabba te accepled Difference belween, DFA and NFAH | DFA ee la finile avlorncta i© DDEA Is afnie automata ) nea | fo ubich Jheve [s only one path) the one, in ubich there many paths For a’ specific loput fora Cuseent Stale to next alate exist | fox a specitie input froro | cuvent: Slate to next sleek. | | there fs a unique ‘ronsition 09 | jean fopere syertost ‘ D DEA Canna use Emply sting) NFA GaN tS] emply Sting, |D DFA te more difficuil to Fa) lea ie -easien 4 conshuck | conshuck } i All DFA axe NFA jp Net all Nea ore DEA D> vera Bequixes more space | 8) nttA vequives less space | | je) S:mxs Sate. nert [8 di ane ™ of Possitle slate belongs to f te next possible stale bod | ko powes set FO. i | | | | | | | | | | | a=> if a Finile avlmola je geodified -b pe Wie is. a Nea with. €-roves , because A {5 possible to | SiO : Non- Delev miniske Automata with €- Moves + & eansitions without — npul symbols, along, vith, gevo » one 0% ore Aeansitions on the ‘put suresls, renmveer ack NEA wih e-moves. because the transitions mate without Symbols axe called as €~ransitions + sek, 6-8. @ | Flas NTA with @- moves | make dwanstion Fron stale oto 4, votthat Consuming ANY ef the inp sipchols, sirvilanly fromm elete a, 4oq, | also \oilhout Consuming ane input syraal Being @ Fertle denoled as | dutomala 5 nia with ‘@-neves vill be ve tuple me C@ye 3$.%.F) AX Ce vied) tw »®| 1G) Stonificance GF € - Moves aulomata wich actep!s SW we want to construck o finile ne AMAUNY, dimes it Language , t becomes vert AifRieurt, > | Seems jo be impogsible to draws divectly NFA oF ofA: TH You go for nifA with Ermoves and DIA os NEA without = Moves acceplante al same fanpage ¢a° - descrined: | Nira with | IS the stale Aatle or’ -hansilton Adele af ne Emotes {5 similar jo thot nea [Dh accept along volth che Columns aloclat lay Input: aymbole from & There is additional cclumn labeled ley @ a8 the aia function Sis axteviel) so “Acceptance fd langpraqes> Js B shing Goin 2h will, be acted by NEA ytth © roves, free exict ablead one path cowespordieg | | 5 whido store in an inital stale amd ends inone of the | | final slales , but since this path may formed bey € = honsttiens [os well as ner e-tansitons 4o find cut cshetha * | acteped oF oot toy the NEA wilh @-moves >We equi, | yo define a furclion e- closure Cg) wihere q is a slale| of the aulemala The Bandion & -closure Cad is defined as Palows@ E- closure (q) = Se of at) Those Slales of the aus i atch can le xeached from 4 cn a pal labeled toy &: oo ° 4 Qho” | i HQ NrA with € moves fo | Rae €- closure 4.y, = $4, 4,4 E~ closuve(q,), = La, €- closwe Co) = Gao,%.a.4 101 | > E- closure Cq) will: never be on emphy Set: because Vis always yeachable fron ilselp without come: consuming emily input symbol be on a path labeled by € , hence | 4 will always be there in e. closure cq). | | | | | | |- @! Requivdlence ai NEA and DEAT >Anile aulomata my and My are said to be equivalent Wand only if Lema = LCM) THe aukornata ose Considered Jo be equivolek if Aney accept, “he Same Language even though they use different roelheds . we can ¢onshuct prA Jor given NFA- NEA +o DFA conversion Vets Geach te) l= (Q)2585%, F), now 0 constuiet OPA) = (Ol seas . ©.) D Qi= 948 she set of at succes of Q. D Ae=f4ol, she inihal sae. i i ) Se ee ay culorte hi ud are (ana He sole of given NFA: 4) Conshudn ot ak we stort the conshuction af 4! Rox (40) we continue by considering only Sales appeasing, eartiey under fnput | colurens ard conshuction 3) gor such stales we halt uben no move new elales appeay undex he mest | Columns -Conshuct DFA for NFA Ma Cf 4o,9,4 104 8.0, Aqek) Sis qhen toy © Na P@ fia tad WY] ya lao sth Let inital alale be A Ax 4, Dee Odie cry > COs') 2 § 540,40) BlA OS: = B0as,0) 2 ald a) CAs) = haya) 2 anh J (B50) = Seay = aye ee i ae 4050) 2) 4 €¢40,9,9, 0) - f (450) US (4150) % OA, Zipo ae eas) = J Ce ea Oa) =) (401) § Car) Be SAC Tay, 2) & CFV =e-O} 4 B BL 8B ce ©} c a Dep » Fe | {Uses Aol Lek oe A SCR OD) = Oda, ol) = Aye = BO ey tals -= CHU CV 9%!) | oe ree | HOBO = H leq) Vo A) = 4 Cea sadU O39) | = 8 455%) 3924 = 0 ACB = {00415499 fo) = § C4: sd 6 6%2 5b) | = #6490 (4e) | = ha, toh = & | [ee scoae § (49 AD = AU Tad = B | ECObd = FC4,6) = LaohaA | | $d. = 4 (0%041,40) od = $ COdo.addUS C41,99 | 4059) | | = 0A 4d L Fo VU CA) 592) | a 490% »Ve¥=D SCBBD= Slay, Sai BU Ge405¢) = AsUAU% =D | A(E A = § CH>IDDY C4050) = %VCIM>%2) =D ACE») ul A’CA>BIO $0405) SW As seale @®@° © 3 BL N= (et 48t, gcand, Sy) | =] Beak aaa i A | ftot iad oT {osu | bet 45-8 | SOD = £C% 50) - {%o,%1} = | SOI, 7 GCS 2 a ACB9) = $(49,0) O'g C4, 20) BA toy CoO ans= {405414 -B SCBbd = $C, WU Sa) sb) = fa.hugay asco §toa) ~ S hs pea Hs SO Ce a ania at =B 40Psa5= 4 ea, 2DMUS C4, sa) eu) WO esa ay ACDrbd=$ Cay BIO S Ca,>b) = Ay & (03%) = (4 %%e pe b a O19 oe) 2 eo : of Oem egConshuclton Xt DEAE input a » Design a ofA wth 2 = foyiy accepls She only input Shing 6", D conshuck a DFA wth sigma 2 = fo, thaccepts those Shings ushich slavls with 4 avd ende with a. f | Co ® Design FA with 2 - 40,14 accepls the Set of all shings volth thee Consecutive ols. 24-009 , G00\ , 1000 , tooo} , lo00\o a0 {1 - -F aven rumbe af uy Design DFA with <= hoy} accepls O8 and even aurber af is. Oda ile) anaicced A's : = Ge. 36) Hie Cas ae) Even Os and add AlsRequlay Lupressions ond languages 7 ' Requlay Languages: A xeglay language wh a! xenay 'S 4 Language shat can be expressed , enpessiog or a delewriniaie o¢ non — delermnigne Creer re ee eam Eas) i Nemaiage (eat eet al chings hich ate made up of Crovacleys fom a spectfied alphabet on set af cyrocls L> Requlax Language are Gg aubsel at the ack at all abings: [> Regular lonqvage axe used in parsing and desoning Programming Lonquages and axe one of the Rest concep aught in, Compuatailityy courses. > These axe useful Ror Wdpirg compeller aclerats to econ “Ee Patterns I dala ord aoups Certain coraputavional Problems jogether .onte they do drab. they con jake Simlax appoaches 46 sce the prddlems exouped dogether | Ls Reauler \aranages and ROM atloraala can enodel core ~o\ prodlems Anet vequive a YO reall amneunt of menor Regular Expressions '— > Regular Cigressions: xe ueRa\ Loy xe presenting, ceslain Bets aR shings jaan agebwic Sachion > Reaplar exprestion deceribes the’ larquages accepled oy Rite elole aulomata I> Leh € be an algholoct. the xeaulay expressions aver € amd tha sels Anot Shey denote’ ave’ deRined xecureively ds follows:» ¢ Isa Yequlay expression and denoles empty sek. € Isa xequlay expression ocd denotes the set (eX. a ts a vequlan expression and dencles the for each a in 2, sons - : dent en Sel fal These axe called prlenitve xequlax Donlon of joo -equiar evprestions Ry and Ro is so eT SIO OR CRE RARE) B Concakralion al boo vaqdlay expressions R, and KG ee) AS RR, is aloo xvequiar evpresso RCR- cee ‘ : p oe U) ikexation Closure) at veqylay expression wien as Ss Also a Kequlax etpresion an sek sepresented 1 4 a -wequiay expression 7s called a Nequiax seb. ee jy GBI) ae ths) Ui Pe ayes ee ae | at denoes the seh fo} : y Ss | a+b denles the setfa,b} > ab denoles the set cet Fe) GUase Ce aan 7 Ny Bee denotes aul oe Ne a vicay an ea Gane Rese cries he ixeauilay sel by xequlax e%pression! Requlns, coe Kegalox expression | ae a | ae 249 | fe,q.¢0.0b.bs. by, 4 ie | fab, bay aneBesevbing tne fallosing sets by Requiay Expression” »S a skings of ds and t's AL => “the Janquage as whe element {é,0,4 1 oc ? 00D... Wence’ She Fequiar expression 16 Coxtd D sek af all stings of als and als ending in 00. he \anquage has the elemenls 00,000, 106 , 0000, 040°, 4000, 4400, mo000,- .. 4. Tris can be wrllen 45 JE 505400, a1, 40,44,000,6-- hoo. Hence the Requlox expression bs tox S00 | B set of all) stings ols and 415 begin with 0 and endieg with 4 = The lanqrage has the elements 404,01 ,044 , ood4 , 0044, 0404 , 0140 , DOO4,- ..%. This can be written as ORM eBoeeCo ON. Wo) i) coq). y Hence the ~equtay etmesson 6 9 (04 a W set of all alvings having even nook 4) >The language has the elements Ce We ats 9 Hence the requir expression is cy" 6) set af a stings hoving odd aumbes of 4'5 > he language has the elements $4,404 UN, WII, “hs this con be writer as €E ows.) 5 WN I) 2 Vence She vequla. expression is aus ox ita.8) stings of 05 and 415 wilh aX least: A200 canseceive 09 Be tev Genel ie) elsmrcn el eas $00, 066, C01, 40H , 0900, GO46 , 044, O400. 4000 , 4100. pened... “hese shings can be genecatel bya Yequlan etpression Co4\*0d Co419"Problems : WS Walle +4) |) Cvesdae = L&xrs>U lt) | = L(x) OLts)ULQ) = LOwyu CLEsuLiy)) = L&>UCLtS4t) Ls +¢s4t3) = RasWD cesdt = vests ENS = IL CRSESES) Lays): LG) LOXd: Lbs) + Lee) = LOwS+ CLtsd- Lc) EON ECCS a) EGrcse5) = Ri this | Ww) xCS4EY - ys det WHS) = LCxes4ty) SH) ECs. Ues+ey Gea) ales Ceesy 0 Lcey) iy BO ECS O Loy alee) = ES) yu Ost) ~ bt Goa vt) = RS Na Crees) Nas wt ask sh L Cestsd.t) L Cvts). La) Ld ures). LU) LO LUSD. Ler) (Cs). Ultyu Les). Leb) L(st) ul (st) L Get ast) RH-S le Seine coal eee 7a & NAN ine é bYs . L Cg) F Nes ooh ey | {esog | ma LEN ECE) | ~ R&S | Nii) wey. és | LHS = 4 Cems) | Gert | I GCRCR AN Nik YP) | © LC xt ether terms) Seen) Be Kans) MINS Ceayy me oS aes Leceeyyty | = ECW 4s othey k¥ms) | = Lee) | a Sao | Cee yal Cxisy | LOWS = LCextetyr | Dye) i = E(CCE A444 See ys soa- a) Gc eee DCex sry)? ) ECan cule xtist ys) CGE) SetsTents Rules Ror Regular expressions. Dt baysy Te bv = ah =p S * €v= Yery ee ond btie Bs VAN oy xhyt oe Seek Py acto eis In es Tre Tres xt = eadty To * Cea p = prapyt ay meiCp cunt a Ce yt yt a Gera x Grady = PX FA ang Er sCpAV) = FPG Teeny Rules and mraripation ft Regular expressionsProperties gf Requicn, espressions + Dontona TY ty and Ly ae Woo regula languages thety union LyULy will also pe xequlay rr lye fa" [nvok by = AB Invoy Lola = far uy? [n> of | | | | | | Dimersedon & | | | | dy ciel Thy eyes) oth xequiar languages, they inlecsecion tials will also be yequlay- oe fab Ins o and mzoh eg ACMOR UCN rn s5 ag moh MGs! Vamos @ ond mao} 3) Concalenation = WH tyand ly axe Jue vequias larquaces , thely concatena, Hon Ly.be usill alse oe xequlor. eat 1c tina ce | Uvls= £oM be (nzo4 Wleene cosuves 2 1X8 Kleene closure 1) us| | Wow isa requlay language also be | Ex 1, =Caub) | ede (aubyOD 5) Complement + TY LCG) 1S veqular fanquage ils complement U¢a) will also be vequlay. Complement afia language can be furd by Subtracting stelngs uhich are in LC0) from all possible shings Exe LlGY= fa] nea} | UCAS = far|ne=% | Fquivalerce af Dine culemela and Raqulss Expressions = | | : [Dwe can use Ahormpson's conduction to convert vequiay express) rons to Rinile qulomala- D We is done by veduce He ceqular expression tol smallest B Ahampsons condvuction te an algerthen For aneforming a | | Kequlay expression and cortiertina these o NEA | ya : lea Regquisy expression to an equivolert NEA | W This Nga aim ve used fo malch aivings again the regular expression | Rules D the empy expression € ts Cornered to EE ei DA syrtool a ah the loywt alta ts converted fo slast @) a ©) Ja) The onion expression sut ig comvevled toC eae Whe conraleration expression gh le converted to slot nits) “9 _ O96) D) Kleene [star Closure gh €ramples— B Construct Jramsition sygeme eqpeled to the sequian expression alotay* Caatb) Gwen vrequiay expression R= Cabtos' (aa tb) The Bile automola Kr the qven -waulay efpression is conducted as FallowsYe cab O25, Ne cq ao) ©) Ve = avrg & i e “@e O2OU ©. {S) ae “e= Cob 45stVexy O2@® | | | Nve> | <= (aa 46) | ise US number ye ae extwession tab ef Form 4. The final aulomata for the vequlos feat) is qiven pelo| Oxo" o*o solk @Wen. RE v= OrIt a ai*o ——°_@) Oxn=o0 =S—© @ % -\ Condut NEA for WHO Gat iy = Oo Deonshuct NPA for ‘he Falling vequlor expressionNg= 0 > M2 © ae € %g=0 ° ‘ S a ; Bae res Ko = Ys 4Xq ~O~@®D Consuct DEA gov the Fallousing eceay et pression Ccavpyt Crovaytt solr RE = Ctaveds*cbuastS* YsaMO XS ON, © eva Le Murat Eq OB eas > SS Ty; = eect te Cbaad" | -OL@e-O- (OVW.¢ O_O +G@BE AEN Gory sy - se a gael\ ® WD] construct ne finile. awornala for Re Cath Tabb y= a = ae a : SPRAYS es iS Ney ee ne Mp = ¥9%q | | | |Chornshiy hexochy, of language Ferenc, 40, homey Hex thy paramos 7S divided ido 4 AYpeS 9S Folens: DSTYPEO A row as unnedhiled grammer. D Type A is kerown as conleyt -eenehive gyarnener - - Sy . | | | | D Type 2 is koun as contest free grammer UW Type S Regular gqrommer- | Ko —sumridvicled qramrar (Recognized by tare oN “ening machine) | — context semilive. qrarmer CAcce pled foy Iinectt bound automata) | Hert A men CActepted by push —2 content Free grammes Caceeps Af +> Regular grammer Caccepted Pine automata | Wye 0: Dnveshicled Gyormenay | SType~0 grammars include al forral grarernaw. sTyPe —0 graramon languages ore yecognized by “Using | | machine. These lerquages axe also Known as the scecuxeively | Enumerate languages | | “| | iheve d ie alpna fs CvaTy vcvet) | | Grararcar produdion in the Gown of kp Ni variables Ts exminals «Pig ways*, “Yn rape O Ahexve must bee at \easl one vertable on the lef side gh production. Yor example: Sob —s ba P= s Were 5 Vaxiable axe $, A, and Tevmidals asb | Tare az. * Fut & alt Type 4 grosnrray arould be “tyre oO. Gsammax production ia the ‘ben 4 a> B talpna |< =\belal | rot \s the count & ayrbo\ iy a is less shan ox equal to e | leo 2 € cvatyt eB can rob be € For Example a— AS AB—> abe BbTepe 2 Conder free Grammar | TUPE“2 quarammars generate context-free tongquages. The Janqiage cqenexoled by lhe gramynar is vecegniged HY a pushdown aulomdla . ‘In Ayre 2% * Fest of all, “h should by TYPE 4: sThe \eft-hand side’ g’ piodudtén can Fove only ane unioble and there no veshichon on B. |” — \atpha] = 4 fe example s— AB A—a 8 —sb wpe 3. Regular Graramey : TwPe-B grammars generale regular languages - these Janouages ove erally al\ Languages Amat can be actepled by a Finile~ slak aubomalan . type @ is the most vestelcel fom & qrameax : Type & should be tn the given fore only : V3 NVT¢T los) VS w/T Cxightt — cequlart qramnenay)) Ceft — veqular qrownmar) For exarple> th s30 The aloove form & called shicly vequloa gyrarammerApplication of Finile Automata » = finile aulornala have vorious applications in corapuer selente ukich indude Aeyteal andyele > Parsing , and Rellern, matching , and also used “Ho Creale cormpilers. [> Pintle aeclomale used iin Nelworking protocols to delect | exvors and ensure shat the dala ‘Nansfer belween the devices ts yeliable ov not |-s Fate automate used in dhe digital ekeuit - They @0 be used Jo design > logic apes > Finite automale is highly useltl to design sper) checkevs -