TEST 8

SECTION ONE: GRAMMAR

A. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to fill in each of the gaps in

each sentence.

1. ________ ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.
A. A B. It is a C. Although a D. There is a

2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ________

a politician.
A. such B. more C. as D. than

3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ________ best in its
climate and soil.
A. it grows B. what grows C. does it grow D. what does it grow

4. Possibly the greatest advance in ________ materials came with the invention of a
cheap way to make steel.
A. bridge-building B. building of bridges C. building a bridge
D. bridges are built

5. ________, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.

A. Contrary to general belief B. General belief contrary to
C. Belief contrary to general D. Contrary belief general to

6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ________
successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.
A. Barbara Jordan’s campaign being B. Barbara Jordan campaigned
C. Campaigning for Barbara Jordan D. Barbara Jordan campaigning

7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world
________ their language.
A. are influenced B. be influenced C. influencing D. influence

8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ________ is equal
to the probability that it will not occur.
A. occurs B. will occur C. can occur D. occurring

9. ________ fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to

the principle of capillary action.
A. All lamps early B. Lamps all early C. All early lamps D. Early all lamps

10. Annie Jump Cannon, ________ discovered so many stars that she was called “the
census taker of the sky.”
A. a leading astronomer who B. who, as a leading astronomer,

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 C. was a leading astronomer D. a leading astronomer,

11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner,
________ to the body.
A. the stress it is greater B. greater is the
stress
C. greater stress is D. the greater the stress

12. And ideal is a standard ________ people judge real phenomena.

A. how B. of C. by which D. for it

13. Maine has ________ weather than most of the other states in the continental
United States.
A. coolest B. the coolest C. cooler D. the cooler

14. Amoebas are ________ small to be seen without a microscope.

A. far too B. far and C. so far D. as far as

15. Graphite conducts electricity ________ does not burn.

A. because B. if C. when D. and

16. When ________ in arctic regions, the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter
shelters.
A. travel B. to travel C. traveling them D. traveling

17. Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s
solid is ________ of its liquid.
A. than the higher density B. higher than the density
C. the density is higher than that D. the higher the density

18. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ________ clearly
understood.
A. none B. no C. not D. nor

19. Desert animals ________ a means of retaining moisture in such a hot, dry
climate if they are to survive.
A. need B. needing C. to need D. was needed

20. ________ state of Wyoming is also known as the “Equality State” because
Wyoming women were the first in the nation to vote.
A. The B. There is a C. That the D. As the

21. Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ________.

A. than cane sugar does B. does cane sugar
C. cane sugar D. than cane sugar

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22. Ground plans and contour maps of the Earth ________ from aerial photographs.
A. can be drawn B. can draw C. to draw D. drawn

23. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United
States had begun to exert ________ over art.
A. influence worldwide a great B. a great worldwide influence
C. influence a great worldwide D. a worldwide influence

24. ________ millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.
A. It is estimated that B. An estimate thatC. That is estimated
D. That the estimated

25. The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil
________ the plants grow.
A. which B. which in C. in which D. in

26. The operetta first ________ as a popular form of musical theater in the
nineteenth century.
A. to emerge B. emerging C. has emerged D. emerged

27. ________ complex organic catalysts originating in living cells.

A. Enzymes B. Enzymes are
C. Enzymes which are D. Enzymes while
they

28. In the eastern part of New Jersey ________, a major shipping and manufacturing
center.
A. lies the city of Elizabeth B. the city of Elizabeth lies there
C. around the city of Elizabeth lies D. there lies the city of Elizabeth around

29. Work in parapsychology, ________, has attracted a relatively small number of

scientists.
A. is a very controversial field B. which a very controversial field is
C. a very controversial field D. a field very controversial which

30. ________, the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive,
a senate, and a house of representatives.
A. In 1827 they drafted B. The draft in 1827
C. In 1827 was drafted D. Drafted in 1827

B. Choose the underlined part (A, B, C, or D) that needs to be changed in

order to make each sentence grammatically correct.

1. The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region

were studied.

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2. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour who
originate over tropical ocean waters.

3. A great proportion of the seeds of desert flora they possess germination-

inhibiting substances.

4. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contribute to

the overall impression of a room.

5. Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the

amount of moisture, but both.

6. Due to its excellent tensile strength, acetate rayon is an important material for
products so as balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing.

7. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural
environment, but they will reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans.

8. A footnote is characteristically employed to give information that is too long or

too detailed be included in the body of a text.

9. Watercolors dry more faster than other paints.

10. In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for
connecting or relating those objects.

11. Alike most fruit trees, the quince is normally propagated from shoots or
cuttings.

12. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of
time.

13. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously unknown small mammal was found onto a
Navaho reservation in Arizona.

14. The wild carrot, knew as Queen Anne’s lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot
in its domesticated form.

15. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to

commemorate a distinguished individual.

16. The Earth’s magnetic poles are not stationary, but slowly shift its position.

17. A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.

18. The elbows are joints that connected people’s up arms with their forearms.

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19. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than
that of most insects.

20. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities.

21. A musician with multiply talents, Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are
unusually consistent in style and content.

22. Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is
a question of physiology and of culture.

23. One of the most distinction dialects of North American English, Gullah is
spoken by many people in the South Carolina area.

24. The novels of John Cheever belongs to a literary tradition that is concerned
primarily with manners.

25. Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state
has.

26. Sociological studies have found that deeply hold values and principles are
highly resistant to change.

27. For centuries large communities of people have living on houseboats in parts of
the world where the climate is warm and the waters are calm.

28. Benjamin Franklin made the first bifocal spectacles for self by sawing the
lenses of his eyeglasses in half.

29. Not only do artificial reefs provide fish with food and shelter, they also serve as
importantly underwater landmarks.

30. The United States Department of Agriculture supervises the quality, clean, and
purity of meat.

31. All birds, alike most reptiles and a few primitive mammals, develop from
embryos in eggs outside the mother’s body.

32. The expansion of adult training programs has resulted partially from the
feminist movement, which encouraging women to improve their skills for the
job market.

33. The most significant cosmological characteristic of the galaxies are the red
shift in their optical spectra.

34. James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the
names of some works years after their completion.

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35. Duke Ellington’s orchestra, playing his original compositions and
arrangements, achieving a fine unity of style and made numerous innovations
in modern jazz.

36. Moles are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish light
from dark.

37. Noise is a psychological term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted, or

intolerable sound.

38. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States,
founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had a
completely female medical staff.

39. Criminal contempt, committed in the presence of the court, may consist of
disorderly behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience of a judge’s orders.

40. The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods of
portray reality.

41. During the 1600’s skilled shoemakers scarce were in what is now the United
States.

42. If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can
combine chemically with other atoms.

43. The National Education Association conduct extensive research on a great

many aspects of education.

44. The pain-killing agent most commonly administered in dentistry is the local
anesthetic, who produces loss of feeling only in a specific area.

45. Certain types of computers work properly only in environments with controlled
precisely temperatures.

46. The gorilla, while not as curious than the chimpanzee, shows more persistence
and memory retention in solving a problem.

47. The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many
countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans.

48. Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.

49. Salt Lake City, Utah’s capital and largest city, is industrial and banking center.

50. A rat’s sharp teeth can gnaw through wood, plaster, or soft metallic such as
lead.

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SECTION TWO: VOCABULARY

A. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) closest in meaning to the

underlined word/phrase in each sentence.

1. Some believe that the treatment for alcoholism is complete abstinence from
alcohol.
A. absence B. avoidance C. sickness D. prescription

2. Savage hordes swept across Europe and ruthlessly attacked all in their path.
A. without stopping B. without weapons C. without warning
D. without pity

3. Many of the habitats of birds and plants have been destroyed by man’s
pollution.
A. nests B. forests C. natural homes D. grounds

4. Children have a jargon of their own that their elders frequently don’t
understand.
A. unintelligent talk B. exercise plan C. strange gait D. sign language

5. The UN delegates lives temporary housing until their apartment house was
constructed.
A. timely B. temperate C. limited time D. temporizing

6. Chinese cuisine specializes in rice dishes.

A. delicacies B. cooking C. chefs D. gourmets

7. It was inevitable that women would be sent into space along with men.
A. unlikely B. fantastic C. influential D. unavoidable

8. One of the superstitions related to weddings is that the bride should wear
something blue.
A. rules of conduct B. irrational beliefs C. nuptials D. religious
ceremonies

9. The Industrial Revolution effected a drastic change in the British standard of

living in the 18th century.
A. caused B. eliminated C. prevented D. denied

10. The colonists made a vehement protest against taxation

without representation.
A. veiled B. verified C. impassioned D. voracious
11. Whenever I have to make a speech, the minute I stand up
on the dais, I forget every word.
A. front B. feet C. soap box D. platform

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12. Food manufacturers must label their products with content
information.
A. sell B. describe C. brand D. stick on
13. After camping in the wilderness for two weeks, he was so
unkempt that his wife was horrified.
A. extremely messy B. ugly C. totally ferocious D. undone
14. Two small toy manufacturers consolidated to form a new
business.
A. advertised B. united C. divided D. met
15. His wife’s extravagant tastes put him in debt.
A. excessive B. extraordinary C. exclusive D. exciting
16. After her husband’s death, Mrs. Brown spent several
melancholy years alone in her apartment.
A. tired B. meaningful C. brief D. sad
17. Because he swam too fast at the beginning of the race, he
lost his stamina early.
A. energy B. place C. stand D. stroke
18. If you stay on this diet, ultimately you will lose weight.
A. formerly B. finally C. unlikely D. possibly
19. He studied so zealously that he graduated from college first
in his class.
A. lazily B. enthusiastically C. happily D. dispassionately
20. His physical condition was no impediment to his career as a
violinist.
A. help B. impatience C. hindrance D. impossibility
SECTION THREE: READING
Based on the following passages, answer the questions that follow.

Passage I

The ocean bottom—a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of
the Earth—is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted.
Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible,
hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light
and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's
surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways
as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments
for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did
not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science
Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for
the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was

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able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep
waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program
that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000
kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at
624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have
allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millions of
years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the
future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar
Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate
tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that
shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded
information critical to understanding the world's past climates. Deep-ocean
sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years,
because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense
chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of
past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and
causes of past climatic change—information that may be used to predict future
climates.

1. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" because it ________.

A. is not a popular area for scientific research B. contains a wide
variety of life forms
C. attracts courageous explorers D. is an unknown territory

2. The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to ________.

A. unrecognizable B. unreachable C. unusable D. unsafe

3. The author mentions outer space because ________.

A. the Earth's climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer
space.
B. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment
C. rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor
D. techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those
used in ocean Exploration

4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?

A. It is a type of submarine. B. It is an ongoing project.
C. It has gone on over 100 voyages D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968

5. The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to ________.

A. breaking B. locating C. removing D. analyzing

6. The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was ________.
A. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas
B. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom
C. composed of geologists form all over the world
D. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry

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7. The word "strength" is closest in meaning to ________.
A. basis B. purpose C. discovery D. endurance

8. The word "they" refers to ________.

A. years B. climates C. sediments D. cores

9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the
Deep Sea Drilling Project?
A. Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions
of years ago.
B. Two geological theories became more widely accepted
C. Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes.
D. Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.

Passage II

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This is the end of the Test.

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