EM WAVES

chserved
When key is tappc, 2 stage
ao

Parallel Plate Copauite

Changing
2. the capaitst gets ulyhnged
P

Ppe îrea
In tia stoge chage an plates om aei to
electhon me
0 to cV as tto
plate 2

Tis is stiddy agaid the luet Ci) entes P, but loe net lecue it. and
J
Kirhey firat las and Aene
(on sen vatial Cuot i) leawes P, but does not
entea it

chaage.
Po CoC tee mut se a Culent sets een
=> In des to Siay Kireholl' i t laus and cwreut.
as displaee ment
PCC as well. This is knosn

sutide aa well o
electo in thu ciruit and hene no cwhent
Thace is no Llbs ed
heteen tho platea

conducticn ssplacemrt, duin chaging

alts chaging
 Duing he changng PPC,

As
dt
iz d (EA ,)
clt At
dt

dt

dt

for D-C, V (onstant

dt

Capacitance block OC.

Maywell's Explaraton and Inke ducton O

Onupt Digbment nent
Baby KO base pasnd hai Natue ko symnety pasand hei
chaging mag netic pradues electic electte Rield must
paoduce maanete idb. A in
Wheneey theso is a
chang in electhic eld in a reaisn (hene neletie ur), theo
maq netie ld psodue d in it dus to to educkon displacomant ctant.
the elechie field is chanig
hagig capautes tee is a displaumaut
Cuent heh'een its plates.
 integaal ot HE
the line ove tho wshale Ampere's
Aceding te Haxoell- Ampre' las, ng
loop cuset (conducton + dizplacemant cusent)
(itbo)
A-L'

A:l:

o a PRc tu conduetien uent and displacemeut cets

O- Shew that duning chatging

dt

Henca, iez pseved.

the eonept e dísplaeemet cuut in a PPC. IHPORT ANT
Ca)
Cuplin
Ai,= ¬, d
dt dt

- constant and V3 comtat

dt

fos A-c:, dv and henco d e is high

dt dt

Righ
> Obskwcion is nominal
(6) Erplain the behauiBLA of a capaciten towOndA a hiqh Dand a lo 9 AC.

dt ct floo o i kig h > obatuchonis loo

t
9. How an
you ohtuin ImA eugnt hethseen te plates o aluf
PPC.
dt

A 10Fareday dv
dt

Aade o change Valtage 1000 V/s

F> ImA cuant can bo ohtainod btween the

plats
vaying vetnge shone vate chang veltage is 1000Vik.
hJave
A wawe saËd to be in a medium hen these iy a
that medium.
prepgatng
a 9ae there ae tuo types

* Hechanical Javes as to wawes shich necescanily o mateal madium Jor thei

propaguten Hedium has pautder yich o vinakes and hence aelas in entg
nue plopggabien
Are poqahon i·e 9aue
the aves which de not neure a mateia medi um
* Non- Hechanical Wavee ats
thein psopagtin.
 *
be
Stat baues.Thee last Thatohiyis Hertz
racio peyemed * no
electle fon o magnte So, electi The ThusLumiAxsaing
the plates makes State age
Qteluchn duo nmagnt
EleWau.ckoie auoci eullating
wes their veal med'um
pheduction
ond to hethchsge vectos.henceand ated and
explanaton Fosousungm, to
heat in
H
(Eopaiter is
meg an (n eleic ony plopgaton. to mechanical
wawes) mau Ethon
sith nete tH o Lc mahy kenmagnetie
erpeimet
via as is le.
el shase Henu, : becaue non-
aeld.WaueA nosnocillatng lnducto That Hechanicad
contant a Hertz
seleleetic This
So, aAde in o i no
ilda,i.e,ascoiatedssenes mechani
e
equeny theey
Radiaion iruit which eld ohy ehe shich
velecit chaage to Experiment exteanal Wawel, d
padueion wi Non- ibating ohsedto
cheudd he is change e noaweA
Chasge Loues. Samu cal thehe these
enehay Mechanivibaetien reocted extnal cay
chavgelatingOsei elecic to
net to JaA iM ae
mut AMIs waeA be
a rest madePOATANT (odenal
Wawe vibations and Jomed medlumn theu
nant ina ther Gusn
st
to
ae mug au by is
eueny constant
spedl medlum)
te netauelerating
te dage required.modium
4ci electic
Uate med
gien as is and veckos khbsn
hbeheen required
y A
* lhe eletomagnete awea ao thansvesce in CH natus, ie, tho eleti field
i LOawes ao mutuallay
EH Loau porpendiualas
mag netic ld B skich conaitute the
ech othes a we au po pendiudo to the divect tee piopgation the
< B
NN
-X

2 X

EM Waves
propogation

Vibratons ot
B

one put t another put. in the

Elakomagnic Cany enty 9ae s
Spau e awg enogy den cites electe magutte
Uay L , E, = B

Indensitea an fM Wue dependa upon the anplitdo electic iela I magnete

I: l¬, cE,

CM LJaveA Cusy mamectum (p) an d exet radi ahon pkelsure Cp en the

C
lhe oa erler' exeted hu .H LOave pes unit asea the cwae is caled
radi oton provsure.
Deivation d radiation Preure P
P=!

to Neton geeond laus Hot f d(P)

Acoding dt

Thefes, radi ation plesUANe dep

A dt

ababed

P: U
A.dt
E-H. ae
But U : I , ie: Intencity
A
dt
P: I

+itk PIc
P
H|O I

dlechomagnete aa the eney aing pea wit

nee per wnit imo pependi calon to tho dive d d paopaAatien tho LQue.
In tensity CI)z
Aoa (A)x time Ct)
Let w ton ci de cn EH Waue
havlling in
I inaginey einder e langth ß and aue
At chÛy sehen (A). let c is the spad o
I u(enegy density) Vel EH Waue.
AA At

2
as d
I : Eo EH
2
 Denivation
Avg Aveoge Enegy
<pae
denity
threugh
elecki n
shi EH
Erng ch
Ficd
it ave
donsity E tavea
ms
iA
2
given
2
by
t,E. Btms
2
:u,

Brns 2
2 B
46,
e
C
2

Brms

the
 Wanesihe M Radis
Waves Name tlamagcti
GammaRay X-
ay Ra light
UVViible
!
WaeyRed EH
Wane
Javes 10
cptam
Watue

«
hawe EH
Wavdungt
Range(mh) length
Jave
3
in
10" - 10
- 10" - te

frequeny
(M)
ordes
105
 5. 3.

Javes coeJng
Heattommunicatien, ’
Lafat ’ed ’Hobile
Zommo
’Ray Cleaning
UVDetydration
heutmeud AADAR TV
Deleeton
ty Cannot
inge Ray remeBea
Dudeaa Hot stal
Wovex and
pentating tatHhee, penehae pint el ul4a ( cud
e Radio ( Radio
reocions, sat leey
(Tajetie wiatien, vyng
cack, chudy toqeenmuucula
and deteetien ckin, Violet) huit,Aeat ampliiaten Commni
Bones ( to
peseswakine in oged KlKli ing Aoue
met (an ng tongt Aeat Rad) tos
bonea and kJngdistances otien
entsaeic causo et. uave,
metala Hatalu geama)
dotunent'gema), Deteckion on
oidgea / ein hain,
chudy in maintain Lodt
koiging i
cances. and thout
of bags steilizaten Haza
shdy bending
nudea, builings I Raging) ed,
Foq / the
pasenges, Cnshy temp PC, Le
, auik g
teatment
Shdy opoatonsurçical Tntenet,
conditiena Do
eanth this
atmie inctument, hom
Tumess buuman phetagaphy. and
angonat dtrmephens baokj
beck]
ye,
/
 3
5 2
Ganma 7.
’xX-Ray ’
VV
Spauks Retyn ViathonsTajhaved
Dayes HagnetonvalueotWaveeHioo -s
osclattug
tubes ond o
o
ac exited atonu
mein cwncuit
anps,lamp decheNs and
at Klyshenvawe
meleeule cieuit
tank,
mouing centhal
hom
e, pat hig
a
hen
bo
ctopped lames P:
by Do
thin thia
Level fom
metal
bot
sheet
 IMPORTAUT PTS.

ux sith tino s caled

2 ha curant aussuaed sith tho ahange in elecic ield e
displaumant rant (I).
Conduchen rent (J,) is due to to
tho Jons dedie hasgu (dechua) tsuyh a Gnducte.
* Acading toe Hoxwell' Hsoy. accoletated hayed paticle produaa EH 00t.

tho freueny acelended Gsilloting

Freaueny EH jawe is cqyual to te
dosged patdle.
* ÉH Nawea ae net praduced by a neuthal patile, stetisnay chasged Aarticle and a
dhayed pautcle mauing sith ontaut veloctty
Atinple cuilktes compising e Le ciruit and engy ceutee
cousee can aodua oaves
aoant eencies oanging tte valuas e capacitan a and inductanu.
speed o an £H sowe in vacum ís equal to the velocty lglht in vacun. Wanie,
n EH 19aue mea wth epeod e t in voceum.

A yhole range 4 fequenies os oawelengths em

em 0aues avanged in auading
descending nden is kuaon es the elkchemsnete spactum.
Qenslivty hunan ye ia delinad
penses pes nit ahea e theig lt te qinen jueleng th flling
ÉH 0we aupsated pe wnit aee is repesented by
Called Paynting ecto (?).
40 Harwell- Ampexe Laus, the line
Aconding
to Ampexo'a doap is teima Cunt Ctonduetient displaeneht cwshat)

Hotz peormad experinont in skich chage y mada to Oi lte beheen the

plates capaitea ia induct. Tho seilktng choage lead t the psductie

is lest dua t9 heat a sell as clue te pAeduction £H Laue

aue knasn a radiation lose.
wave pes wnit arl a the is called radiati on peue
* fosce erested by em
Intencity em waue aa te eneng crsing pes wit tine pespendi alas
19CUe.

Enogy densit an em gove is dafined

x Tho autualy penpendiclas time vagig clectic ond magnetie ild, give vise ts EH sawel
sshich prpaqesaes th epeed e Lght in vaccwn at igt angles h bot Ef and HA,
 FoRHULAS
CH Javea
bconduction =Liclatement

dt

3es : E, d ( ) , ¬, is pesnitiity e frce spau, is elebt

dt

5 C- e.A
d
6.
AL

8.
E E, sin (Ka- ot)
axís

aeis Bo sin (K -wt)

lo.
magnitde propagation vedo <K) : 2n

12:

Bo

13

|4

Inlensity (r) Eragy(t)

Auo (A) x ima (t)
 16
msmentum of sjaue (a) Enesgu ef 0e (0)
Jaure (pc)

I7: mômontum
Smovctum tayfeued to waue shen it ie cenpletely reeed
P-(-p) 2p 2u

P(Presus e EH Jawe I (In tencits) A dlt

C

14.
T'oyning Vectos ( )

avg
H
2

22

23 B: | 8.

2
14

(avg) 2

25
 plater
Hetal
A' Coil
Detete Jnduchon
3So Tnput
60
aJawA. poducing
em typeument
e Het' diagam lwbelled Dasa
m.Abeut6
dt
and
cOnstad is ct
2e6. aeBoth
isithen weds, dsplatumet and uant Conduchon
maguikudes by
chasged been capaitot
los A 8.
the ae What souce. de a
C
Sine
pemeabiliy
Hr. relatve ond ¬,
on
mala the Write 8.
velahve medium ain
 0.
A
(his (ig (i) Gi» tho
Consideshta magnet capait Wite çsshee
dt Hax anlcdahange Changg
plakes.Capaite Csekh
isno 4 What Whed
well's meuing - v
allaing
Haxwel B, axis :
N B
Eo
de pedues = is s5x10
Eo
dt
genaralis chage 's 33x xi0TI33
it the
companent
hme ampitude?
PPC is tapauto, gene divecten H.
atsr oci 10 qxis
soith pradues raizaion
ein"/a(-94)] and
chagit is latig dt 3 4 mein a a
dt
Anupee' respect te repoqation is
magnatic beth cuent o elechic wavelength elehi
dtda in to g
hes Angee'
a cirutal cpao electie fed ielai
ircut c and produed T di
Co
d is Cirite hai
dt la and dedhe ond
magnete tho iye
iktne elecic sithin dau.
gien jeld. em
chngetinhe produc the save
ay: elda, ux
These ous h tx
awes.em and produead
duing plate that main
oscilating
elechie an
in hai
onalating the te
plate
 8 O.
When an
9
plates on A
Elechic kMat SiHagnet
ns elechiaincdc Can each
capaitochagd, plous Whenexplain shen Elechic eapaeitos
ths an othca
a an and the is em
tho plates momertaily , then batey de thiu ae om
and ( J em
capeutkeps conducien ideas made
lat I* basedSousee maqnetie phase awel and
aue
th e capauta ahe isaqive
e d4 Rhos dillens be
hangiKeepaoenag til is on ls the a nst delledet
cap capaut : capadthe
a. that P C elds rise rise to
hangng.
.
wet,I: O.the thethe wued,
onne capaciton changed, exert
Honeer, i copocity is tho eachacillatehseheen to
copau cked chong te o
by
s, Conest em
de condufien dis a em aying
te to placcmen area in the *y
As kaaps when
a by maanethi ure
Teult, is an Asameelehie ae
not
ispla ping a
ideal boteny de dt
6o elechie
and andisplauned
cwnt
and phoe
e waNet
separetign Fld
kat thein
at and
electt hene cewrce
apoite, A cupes
dot oa ield
ant Con dtda inside phonemte
Cuent tinu ,
is isd
by poion. wl[CBSE]
uxeleckic
conneding co cwtet os no an peapendl
mutualulaiys toich
conneetcdthetoduetien n ly. the difoanu
eld Mou to gield electie Thus, funthen
changes
sititnho ive. CCsse] pautoi
behseen cuthat Heewe,
dses os. hotiseen an
1a is on dd) pioduus
one tame thsmin
tke chage
O.
 Hes is foad cooked in miro9 awe ?
These dipales
19ates mneleculus in e pola moleuea. Tey cct os electie dipelu.aulate, te
fiedd. 1ohen eleic
electi field.
align in tho divection e eledic Is vnacle to
matches sith the
em osci lation
Hadea malecule, aao escilale. Lyhen heany
ves Onanco takes plau. The oscihat ng soato
nahu hauony watoa molealas, motion to tte Surouding meledes
meleules Cpotas mateuda? impat thes mal and
vegetaleu ao thu heatd
vegctadea. Tke feod and
fence coeked.
* food vegetable to he cooked in mioave oven eheuld he plaod in a
non -metall'c cotaines because metallie cotainey takes longes trme to cosk the
gelden and sien dined utensis can cause
spanking in a
mees

miloawe.

ae mihs aUeA considesed euitahle to vasa eyctem sed in airealt

[CBse
nauigaten ? miooyawes is small (tes milimeteu and hene thee aves au
can be used
not bent cdifrates) the ohjeuk in thei patha. Thenajos, they
divection
to hanuit siqnas in the radas
0. what is oz0ne layea ? Cive ih impatna.
Te uppeh layee shatophene in ao atmos phe is knoon aA 020ne
Hhe s n ao
koye,
sher o, is conontkated. Hest od the vags emi ted y
Tese eys to liina tiasues. Rano,
abeo hed by 026ne
a vital rele or the Swivel hunan beings.

0. T! tae earth did not have atme phe , 9ould itt wg Swyau termpatuhe be
bose Explain
tan shot is it naw 2
is ruised in the pen
Due to gneen heuse ed, the temp. ot enth 's
tho heat recieved by the eat
tho atmosples . Ln the abs ene a atmeuphee
enplekely ot duing
piesent teng
An em J0ue exert aese on the on ohich it is ind dent. Tustily.
suau
and enery. Rat o change in momentum o ÉM
EH Wawes hae mementum
aven ey èt oe Ha tngetted hea
awes indiat that EH leading te

pessus.
 caled hat waes? xplain
inghoned
Infaared rage ae emited by hot body and thoin vye ae ahuohed hy the
maleutea the lubtane and hene inease the temp. of tho 2ubtana
(theunal moton,
0. Whed do
yeu undestart by
the etaemevd em yewes tanpet momentun'?
EH Javea exet nadiatian peAuhe
This Aerce
Hene, em 0awea thahapat mamehtum,

em radiatons shtaintd in nucleaa dsindgatiou.

Camna Rauyo, wse : Treatme o eancer tumo

example eeh to iutate the gitacion shere th is

) diplaemsid cwent hut no csnduehen rant
Ony (onducien eur rent bet ne diu plaament went.
i Displaumavd cuaut exit Lsheneve thee is a change o eleckic ux eine
eledtie changes as tagh the in alaton Aom plate o
Capaita to othe. So, tuene is no Conduten owhet inside the capacty.
(i) IE is the cent hich arises do duo to the llno elechons in sndutu
whan a Capaiten üs connecked to a budtey. it stat storing change du
dus te
Conduchen Cument.
di plaumat ced tn the sives eutida the capaitos.