Unit II

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 Industrial Safety
✓ Industrial safety is primarily a management activity which is concerned with
reducing, controlling and eliminating from the industries or industrial units.

✓ In general term Safety means freedom or protection from harm, danger, hazard
etc.

✓ In industrial context, it means minimisation of contacts between human and

hazard.

✓ Safety is a matter of protection from hazards.

✓ Safety is situation with acceptable risk i.e. to bring hazard level below
permissible level.

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 What is the importance of safety?
A safe and healthy workplace not only protects workers from injury and illness,
it can also lower injury/illness costs, reduce absenteeism and turnover, increase
productivity and quality, and raise employee morale.

Nature of the Concept of Safety

✓ History of the concept of safety is very old.
✓ Though the word Industrial Safety can be said to begin with the 19th century as
textile mills and other industries started in England after the year 1800 and
establishment of factory inspectorate in 1833.

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Iceberg Analogy

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 Significance of Industrial Safety

Industrial hazards causes a great loss to both the Employer & Employee, that’s it
is having importance ;
✓ Cost of compensation
✓ Cost of medical-aid
✓ Cost of training a new worker
✓ Cost of the lost time
✓ Cost of investigation
✓ Cost of supervision & inspections
✓ Cost to the Govt. in terms of factory inspectors, & public health services
✓ Cost of spoilage of materials
✓ Cost of the damage of machinery

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 Safety – Philosophical Meaning

❖ S- Science of safety for self and society

❖ A- Art and action for accident avoidance

❖ F- Full proof safety

❖ E- Engineering controls are important and must be provided and maintained

❖ T- Teaching and training to employees and public

❖ Y- Young person and young mind to work for safety

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What is OSH?
Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as
occupational health and safety, occupational health, or occupational safety, is a
multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people
at occupation.
(Or)
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) deals with all aspects of health and safety in
the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. Its goal is to
prevent accidents and harm to people from work-related activities.

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 Differences Between Health Hazards and Safety Hazards

✓ Health is the efficient functioning of an individual’s body; safety is the state

of being safe from undesirable events or consequences
✓ Health hazards affect the health, safety hazards make the surrounding
conditions unsafe or risky
✓ Health risks take a long time to show their effects, safety risks usually have
immediate effects

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✓ Easy to judge and deal with safety hazards, they are well understood; health
hazards are difficult to catch and deal with as they usually show their effects
after a long time
✓ Data collection and inferences is easier for safety hazards compared to health
hazards
✓ Examples; safety hazards-getting hit by moving machinery; health hazards-
developing bronchitis by inhaling harmful emissions for a sufficient period of
time

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The focus in occupational health is on three different objectives
(i) The maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity

(ii) The improvement of working environment and work to become conducive to

safety and health

(iii) Development of work organizations and working cultures in a direction

which supports health and safety at work (it promotes a positive social
climate and smooth operation and may enhance productivity of the
undertakings).

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What are the issues of occupational health and safety?
Common workplace health and safety hazards include communicable disease,
transportation accidents, workplace violence, slipping and falling, toxic events,
particularly chemical and gas exposure, getting struck by objects, electrocution
or explosion, repetitive motion and ergonomic injuries, and hearing loss.
What are occupational health problems?
✓ Occupational health problems occur at work or because of the kind of work
you do.
✓ These problems can include Cuts, fractures (broken bones), and sprains and
strains, Loss of limbs, Exposure to germs in health care settings.
What are the health problems of workers in the industries?
Chronic respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, noise-induced hearing
loss and skin problems are the most common occupational diseases.

What is the most common reported occupational health problem?

Occupational hearing loss is the most common occupational disease worldwide:
it is so common that it is often accepted as a normal consequence of employment.
Maintaining Health & Safety
✓ Be Aware
✓ Maintain Correct Posture
✓ Take Breaks Regularly
✓ Use Equipment Properly
✓ Locate Emergency Exits
✓ Report Safety Concerns
✓ Practice Effective Housekeeping.
✓ Make Use of Mechanical Aids
 Three Stage Development of Concept of Safety
Industrial Safety can thus be defined to
mean Protection of environment from
hazards of an industrial activity.
Environment includes workers, public
plant, property, land, air, water and their
interrelationship.
Industrial activity, includes storage,
process, transport, transfer, use, handling
or dealing with all materials (including
raw materials, products and wastes),
plants and machinery, land and building
piping and equipment etc.

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What is HSE?
HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) is a set of processes and procedures
identifying potential hazards to a certain environment, developing best practices to
reduce or remove those hazards, and then training employees for accident
prevention, accident response, etc.

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Best Practices - HSE

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Health, safety and environment are considered a top priority due to their
significance in safeguarding human lives and properties, especially in high-risk
industrial sectors.

These industries are afflicted by workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities because
of unsafe work environments.

It is important to establish and execute an effective workplace health and safety

management system to avoid the risks of irreversible accidents.

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Safety culture of an organization refers to the set of organizational practices relating
specifically to the values and beliefs concerning HSE safety shaped by employees
working together in social relationships and organizational structures in the workplace.
The significant impact of strong HSE safety culture is improved safety performance,
reduced incidents, conducted a successful near-miss investigation and incident
reporting in an organization.

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Safety performance measurement in a work environment is an attempt to
mitigate unsafe behaviors and conditions that can lead to accidents.
Usually, performance measurements can either be reactive or active monitoring.
Reactive monitoring defines identifying and reporting incidents and learning from
mistakes while active monitoring provides feedback on performance before an
incident occurs.

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Safety management by recognizing the hazard: The initial step to prevent
accidents is the identification of hazards.
The HSE safety performance improvement requires the implementation of
proactive worker hazard identification and prevention programs.
The risk associated with hazardous conditions or situations in a work environment
can only be analyzed for accident prevention if the related hazards can be properly
recognized or identified.

Safety data collection, analysis, and sharing will assist the industry to find out
the root causes of an event, explore existing and potential hazards, and improve
existing HSE safety programs.

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 The Modern Concept of HSE

✓ The aspect of health i.e., safety of health or safety from health hazards was
added from 200 BC when the unhealthful effect of lead poisoning was noticed.

✓ Environmental safety is added from the 20th century when the developed
countries such like UK & US first experienced the ill effect of environmental
pollution.

✓ In India the first law for water pollution control was enacted in 1974 and more
laws were added since 1986 with the Environment Protection Act (1986).

✓ The concept of safety doesn’t remain limited to a narrow meaning of safety as

accident prevention. Thus the modern concept of safety has been developed as
the concept of Safety, Health and Environment.

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What is an Accident ?

✓ Any event which is undesired, unplanned

arising out of employment which results in
physical injury or damage to property or both .

✓ “Near miss” is also an event which did not result

in injury or damage but had the potential to do
so.

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 Types of Accidents

✓ Injury and property damage (major)

✓ Injury and not property damage (major or minor)

✓ Property damage and not injury (major or minor)

✓ No property damage and no injury (near miss)

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 Causes of Accidents
(Heinrich Classification)

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 Approaches to Preventive Action

Proactive or Preventive Approach

(Effort before accident)

Reactive or Corrective Approach

(Effort after accident)

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 Five E’s of Accident Prevention

1. Education and Training – to prevent unsafe acts

2. Engineering controls – to prevent unsafe conditions

3. Enforcement of safety rules

4. Enthusiasm – to maintain interest

5. Evaluation– to lead for safety

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 Accident Prevention Formula

ERICPD
✓ Eliminate
✓ Reduce or substitute
✓ Isolate
✓ Control
✓ PPE
✓ Discipline

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