IFYPH003 Physics

Data, formulae and relationships

Data

Speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 10 8 m s 1

Gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N m 2 kg 2
Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s 2 (close to the Earth)
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg 1 (close to the Earth)
Electronic charge e = 1.60 10 19 C
Electronic mass me = 9.11 10 31 kg
Proton rest mass mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
Electron-volt 1 eV = 1.60 10 19 J
Planck constant h = 6.63 10 34 J s
Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 10 27 kg
Molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10 23 J K-1
Permittivity of free space o = 8.85 10 12 F m 1
Coulomb Law constant k=1/(4 o ) = 8.99 10 9 N m 2 C 2
23 -1
Avogadro Constant NA = 6.02 10 mol
Absolute temperature T/K = /ºC+ 273.2

Rectilinear motion

For uniformly accelerated motion =u+at

s=ut+½at2
2
= u2+2as

s = [½(u + v)] t

Materials and Elasticity

Density = m/V

FL
Young's modulus E
Ae
For a spring F = -kx

Energy E = ½Fx = ½kx2

Pressure change p = h

Forces and moments

Moment of F about O = F (Perpendicular distance from line of action of F to O)

Dynamics and Energy

Kinetic Energy Ek = ½mv2

Gravitational Potential Energy Ep = mgh

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p
(for constant mass) F ma m
t t
Impulse F t= p

Power P=F

Radioactive decay and the nuclear atom

Activity A= N

Half-life t ½ = ln 2
t
Radioactive decay A A0e
t
N N 0e

Electric current and potential difference

Q
Electric current I
t
V
Resistance R
I
Work W QV IVt

Electric power P = I 2 R = V2/R = IV

Electrical circuits
RA
Resistivity
L

Resistors in series R=R1+R2+R3

1 1 1 1
Resistors in parallel
R R1 R2 R3

Terminal potential difference V= Ir

Heat

Change of state: Q=L m

Heating and cooling: E mc

Change of internal energy: U= Q+ W

Equation of State for ideal gas pV nRT

pV NkT

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Circular motion and oscillations

Angular speed
t r
2
Centripetal acceleration a = 2
r

1 2
Period T
f

Simple Harmonic Motion

Displacement x A sin( t )

Acceleration a = - 2
x

Velocity v A cos( t ) = ± ( A 2 - x 2)

l
For a simple pendulum T 2
g

m
For a mass on a spring T 2
k

Waves, Wave Motion and Interference

I = Iocos2

Wave speed v=f

Young's slits

Diffraction grating d sin = n

Gravitational fields
Mm
Universal Law of Gravitation F G
r2
Gravitational field strength g=F/m

Gravitational potential V=W/m

Electric fields
Q1Q2
F
4 0r 2

Electrical potential V = Q/(4 or)

Electric field strength E = F/Q

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1 Q
For radial field E (in free space or in air)
4 0 r2

For uniform field E=V/d

Capacitance

Capacitance C=Q/V

Energy stored W = ½ C V 2 = ½ QV = ½ Q2/C

Capacitors in parallel C=C1+C2+C3

1 1 1 1
Capacitors in series
C C1 C2 C3

Time constant =RC

Capacitor discharge Q = Qoe-t/ , I = Io e-t/ , V = Vo e-t/

Magnetic fields
Force on moving charge F Bqv

Force on a wire F BIL sin

Torque on a coil T = BIAn

Magnetic flux linkage N = NBAcos

N
E.m.f. induced in a coil =
t
E.m.f. induced in a moving conductor BLv

Modern Physics

Photon energy E hf

Photoelectric effect hf Ek max

h
De Broglie
mv
Energy E = mc2

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Mathematics
sin (90 o ) = cos

ln (x n) = n ln x

ln (e kx) = k x

Equation of a straight line y = mx + c

Surface area of a cylinder =2 rh+2 r2

Surface area of a sphere =4 r2

Volume of a cylinder = r 2h
Volume of a sphere = 4 r 3/ 3

For small angles sin tan (in radians)

cos 1

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Questions 1-12
Answer ALL questions.
These questions carry 30 marks in total.
Question 1
Which of the following alternatives, A-D are equivalent to the SI base units [1]
kg m s-2 ?

A The joule.

B The coulomb.

C The pascal.

D The newton.

Question 2
Two horizontal forces are applied to an object. One of these forces has a [1]
magnitude of 6 N and is in a northerly direction. The other force has a
magnitude of 8 N and is in an easterly direction.

Which of the following alternatives A-D most closely represents the angle of
the resultant force as measured from the north in a clockwise direction?

A 37

B 53

C 127

D 143

Question 3
Which of the following alternatives, A-D is equivalent to 5 radians? [1]

A 720

B 1080

C 450

D 900

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Question 4
A cricket ball of mass m moving with a velocity v collides normally with a wall. [1]

The ball rebounds and travels back along its original path.

Which of the following alternatives, A-D, equates to the ball s change in

momentum resulting from the collision?

A mv

B Zero

C 2mv

D 0.5mv

Question 5
Consider the following quantities: mass, temperature, weight, velocity, [1]
density, and time.

Which of the following alternatives A-D, lists those quantities which are
scalars?

A Mass, temperature, time.

B Mass, temperature, density, time.

C Weight, velocity.

D Weight, velocity, density.

Question 6
An object is lifted vertically during a time t. During this period, the [1]
gravitational potential energy of the system increases by Ep and the kinetic
energy of the system increases by Ek.

Which of the following alternatives A-D equates to the average power applied
to the system?

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Question 7
Which of the alternatives, A-D is equivalent to the watt? [1]

A Joule per second.

B Joule per volt.

C Ampere per second.

D None of the above.

Question 8
The density of a particular type of paper is 800 kg m-3. Sheets of this paper [1]
have a width of 210 mm and a length of 300 mm. A packet of 500 sheets of
the paper is 50 mm in thickness.

Which of the following alternatives A-D most closely gives the mass of a single
sheet of this paper?

A 0.5 g

B 5g

C 50 g

D 500 g

Question 9
The diagram below shows 4 wires which are connected together at a common [1]
point. The currents flowing in three of the wires are indicated.

3A 4A

5A

Which of the following alternatives, A-D correctly gives the magnitude and
direction of the current flowing in the fourth wire?

A 3 A flowing towards the common point of connection.

B 12 A flowing away from the common point of connection.

C 6 A flowing away from the common point of connection.

D 4 A flowing away from the common point of connection.

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Question 10
A refrigerator is operating in a well-insulated room. In an experiment, the [1]
door of the refrigerator is opened and is left open for several days.

Which of the following alternatives, A-D, best describes the temperature in the
room during this period?

A The temperature will gradually decrease.

B The temperature will initially decrease and will subsequently gradually

increase.

C The temperature will gradually increase.

D The temperature will initially decrease and will subsequently remain

constant.

Question 11

(a) With reference to the atoms or molecules from which materials are [4]
formed, clearly distinguish between the 3 states of matter.

(b) Define the Specific Heat Capacity of a substance. [1]

(c) Calculate the energy required to convert 2 g of ice which is initially at a [5]
temperature of -6 C into steam at 100 C. You should assume that:

The specific heat capacity of ice = 2100 J kg-1 C-1

The specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 C-1
The specific latent heat of ice = 336 000 J kg-1
The specific latent heat steam = 2 260 000 J kg-1

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Question 12

(a) Define Simple Harmonic Motion. [2]

(b) A simple pendulum is used in several experiments.

The pendulum is 1 m in length and the bob (the mass located at the
lower end of the pendulum) weighs 1 kg. A very accurate clock is used
to time the period of motion of the pendulum. Firstly, the timing is
carried out with the pendulum located at the South Pole. Subsequently
the pendulum is relocated to the equator and the timing of its motion is
repeated.

Answer each of the following:

i. Calculate the angular velocity of the pendulum bob when the [1]
pendulum is located on the equator.

ii. It is found that its period of oscillation is slightly different when [3]
timed at the South Pole and when timed on the equator. Explain
why this is the case.

You should assume that the pendulum is located in a temperature-

controlled box and so at both locations, it is at the same
temperature. Furthermore, the change in location has no impact on
the accuracy of the clock used in the timing process.

iii. Calculate the period of oscillation of the pendulum when it is located [2]
at the South Pole.

iv. The pendulum is now taken to the moon. The length of the [2]
pendulum is reduced to 16.7 cm and the mass of the bob is
increased to 2 kg. Assuming that the acceleration due to gravity on
the moon is approximately 1.64 m s-2, determine the period of its
oscillation.

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Questions 13-14
Answer 1 question.
This question carries 20 marks in total.

Question 13

(a) [3]

(b) The diagram below illustrates the way in which the speed of an object
(measured in metres per second) changes with time (measured in
seconds).

speed

2 3 time

Answer each of the following questions:

i. Calculate the total distance travelled by the object. [4]

ii. [3]
the same time period.

(c) A ball of mass of 2 kg is dropped vertically from a cliff that is 20 m in

height. Neglecting air resistance, answer each of the following:

i. Calculate the speed of the ball just before it reaches the ground. [2]

ii. Calculate the time taken for the ball to reach the ground. [2]

iii. [4]
lost. Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball on its
rebound.

iv. Distinguish between elastic and inelastic forms of collision. [2]

QUESTION 14 APPEARS ON NEXT PAGE

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Question 14

(a) R1
3

3
3 3
3
10 3

R2

In connection with the circuit diagram given above, answer each of the
following:

i. Determine the total resistance of the circuit. [4]

ii. Determine the current flowing through the resistor labelled R1. [2]

iii. Determine the power dissipated in the resistor labelled R2. [2]

iv. If the current flows in the circuit for 5 minutes, determine the [2]
thermal energy given out by resistor R2.

v. Redraw the circuit diagram to show how you would include an [2]
ammeter and a voltmeter so as to measure the voltage across
resistor R1 and the current flowing through it.

(b) A current flows through a wire which is circular in cross-section. The wire
is 1 m in length and has a diameter of 2 mm.

Answer each of the following:

i. Explain how resistance of the wire will change if it is replaced with a [4]
wire comprising the same material and which is of twice the length
AND which has twice the diameter.

ii. The wire is now heated. State what effect will this have on its [2]
resistance.

(c) Distinguish between the flow of current in a metallic conductor and in an [2]
electrolyte.

- This is the end of the test.

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