Modulation Analogique

et Numérique
Exercices: Chap 4
AMPLITUDE MODULATIONS AND DEMODULATIONS

4. R. T. James, “AT&T Facilities and Services,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 60, pp. 1342–1349, Nov. 1972.
5. W. L. Smith, “Frequency and Time in Communications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 60, pp. 589–594, May
1972.
6. B. P. Lathi, B. P., Linear Systems and Signals, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.
7. A. J. Viterbi, Principles of Coherent Communication, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966.
8. F. M. Gardner, Phaselock Techniques, 3rd ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
9. W. C. Lindsey, Synchronization Systems in Communication and Control, Prentice-Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, 1972.
10. J. P. Costas, “Synchronous Communication,” Proc. IRE, vol. 44, pp. 1713–1718, Dec. 1956.

LEMS Chap 4
4.2-1 For each of the baseband signals: (i) m(t) = cos 1000πt; (ii) m(t) = 2 cos 1000πt +
sin 2000π t; (iii) m(t) = cos 1000π t cos 3000π t, do the following.

(a) Sketch the spectrum of m(t).

(b) Sketch the spectrum of the DSB-SC signal m(t) cos 10,000π t.
(c) Identify the upper sideband (USB) and the lower sideband (LSB) spectra.
(d) Identify the frequencies in the baseband, and the corresponding frequencies in the DSB-SC,
USB, and LSB spectra. Explain the nature of frequency shifting in each case.

4.2-2 Repeat Prob. 4.2-1 [parts (a), (b), and (c) only] if: (i) m(t) = sinc (100t); (ii) m(t) = e−|t| ;
(iii) m(t) = e−|t−1| . Observe that e−|t−1| is e−|t| delayed by 1 second. For the last case you
need to consider both the amplitude and the phase spectra.

4.2-3 Repeat Prob. 4.2-1 [parts (a), (b), and (c) only] for m(t) = e−|t| if the carrier is cos (10, 1000t −
π/4).
Hint: Use Eq. (3.37).

4.2-4 You are asked to design a DSB-SC modulator to generate a modulated signal km(t) cos (ωc t +θ),
where m(t) is a signal band-limited to B Hz. Figure P4.2-4 shows a DSB-SC modulator available
in the stock room. The carrier generator available
2 generates not cos ωc t, but cos3 ωc t. Explain
whether you would be able to generate the desired signal using only this equipment. You may
use any kind of filter you like.
 (d) .Identify
(iii) m(t) = e−|t−1| Observe
USB, and that
LSB
−|t−1|
the frequencies in the
espectra. e−|t|thedelayed
isbaseband,
Explain
and the corresponding
nature ofby 1 second.
frequency
frequencies
For in
shifting
in thecase
theeach
last DSB-SC,
you
USB, and LSB spectra. Explain the nature of frequency shifting in each case. case.
need to consider both the amplitude and the phase spectra.
4.2-2 Repeat
4.2-2 RepeatProb.
Prob. 4.2-1
4.2-1 [parts (a),(a),
[parts (b),(b),
andand (c) only]
(c) only] (i) m(t)
if:m(t)
if: (i) = (100t);
= sinc sinc (100t); (ii) =
(ii) m(t) m(t) =; e−|t| ;
e−|t|
(iii) −|t−1| −|t−1| −|t|
−|t|
4.2-3 Repeat Prob. 4.2-1 [parts
(iii) m(t) ==
m(t)(a), (b),
e and
e−|t−1| . Observe
. Observe thatthat
(c) only] efore m(t)
−|t−1| is ee delayed
is e=
−|t| delayed
if the by 1 second.
by 1carrier
second.isFor For
costhe(10,the
last lastyou
1000t
case case
− you
need to consider both the amplitude and the phase spectra.
π/4).
Hint: Use Eq.
need
(3.37).
4.2-3
to consider both the
Chap 4
amplitude and the phase spectra.

= e−|t| if the carrier is cos (10, 1000t −

Repeat Prob. 4.2-1 [parts (a), (b), and (c) only] for m(t) −|t|
4.2-3 Repeat Prob. 4.2-1 [parts (a), (b), and (c) only] for m(t) = e if the carrier is cos (10, 1000t −
π/4).
π/4).
4.2-4 You are asked to design aUse
Hint:Use
Hint: DSB-SC
Eq.
Eq. modulator to generate a modulated signal km(t) cos (ωc t +θ),
(3.37).
(3.37).
where m(t) is a signal band-limited to B Hz. Figure P4.2-4 shows a DSB-SC modulator available
4.2-4
in the stock4.2-4
room.YouYou
The areare asked
asked
carrier to design
to generator
design a DSB-SC
a DSB-SC modulator
modulator
available to generate
to generate
generates cosa modulated
nota modulated
ωc t, signal
but cossignal
3 ωkm(t)
km(t) cos (ωcos (ωc t +θ ),
c t +θ),
c t. Explain
where
where is aissignal
m(t)
m(t) a signal band-limited
band-limited to BtoHz.
B Hz. Figure
Figure P4.2-4
P4.2-4 showsshows a DSB-SC
a DSB-SC modulator
modulator available available
whether you would be
ininthe
able
thestock
stock toroom.
generate
The thegenerator
carrierdesired
generatorsignal using
available only
generates this equipment.
notωcos but You
3 ωcos 3 ωmay
room. The carrier available generates not cos ωc t,cos
c t, but c t. Explain
c t. Explain
use any kind of filter
whetheryouyou
whether like.
you would
would be be able
able to generate
to generate the the desired
desired signal
signal usingusing
only only this equipment.
this equipment. You may You may
useany
use any kind
kind of of filter
filter youyou like.
like.
(a) What kind of filter is required in Fig. P4.2-3?
(a)What
(a) What kind
kind of of filter
filter is required
is required in Fig.
in Fig. P4.2-3?
P4.2-3?
(b) Determine the(b)
signal spectra at points and
b at c, and indicate the frequency bands occupied
(b)Determine
Determine thethe
signal spectra
signal spectra points b and
at points c, and
b and indicate
c, and the frequency
indicate bandsbands
the frequency occupied
occupied
by these spectra.bybythese spectra.
these spectra.
(c) What is the minimum
(c)(c)What
Whatisusable
thethe
is valueusable
minimum
minimumofusable
? value
ωcvalue of ωof
c ?ωc ?
(d) 3ω 3 3
(d)Would
(d) Would this scheme Would
workthis ifscheme
this the work
scheme ifgenerator
work
carrier the carrier
if the generator
carrier output
generator
output were were
output
sin sint?ω
were
c sin
Explain.
c t? ω
Explain.c t? Explain.
( f)
( f)Would this scheme work if the carrier generator output were cosn cos
ωc tnfor
ωcany
t forinteger n ≥ 2?n
( f) Would this scheme work if the carrier generator output were cos ωc t for any integer n ≥ 2? ≥ 2?
Would this scheme work if the carrier generator output
n were any integer

Figure
Figure P.4.2-4
P.4.2-4 f f
.4.2-4 f

3 –B –B B
cosω3 cω
cos t t
c f B
f

cos3 ωc t 3 –B B
f

Chap 4 Problems 197

4.2-5 You are asked to design a DSB-SC modulator to generate a modulated signal km(t) cos ωc t
with the carrier frequency fc = 300 kHz (ωc = 2π × 300, 000). The following equipment is
available in the stock room: (i) a signal generator of frequency 100 kHz; (ii) a ring modulator;
(iii) a bandpass filter tuned to 300 kHz.

(a) Show how you can generate the desired signal.

(b) If the output of the modulator is k · m(t) cos ωc t, find k.

4.2-6 Amplitude modulators and demodulators can also be built without using multipliers. In Fig. P4.2-
6, the input φ(t) = m(t), and the amplitude A ≫ |φ(t)|. The two diodes are identical, with a
resistance of r ohms in the conducting mode and infinite resistance in the cutoff mode. Show
that the output eo (t) is given by

2R
eo (t) = w(t) m(t)
R+r

where w(t) is the switching periodic signal shown in Fig. 2.20a with period 2π/Wc seconds.

(a) Hence, show that this circuit can be used as a DSB-SC modulator.
(b) How would you use this circuit as a synchronous demodulator for DSB-SC signals.
4
 o
R+r

where w(t) is the switching periodic signal shown in Fig. 2.20a with period 2π/Wc seconds.
4.2-7 In Fig. P4.2-6, if φ(t) = sin (ωc t + θ), and the output e0 (t) is passed through a low-pass filter,
then show that this circuit can be used as a phase detector, that is, a circuit that measures the
(a) Hence,
phase
(b) How
showbetween
difference
would
that this two
you use
circuit
this
can be of
sinusoids
circuit as a
Chap 4
used
theassame
a DSB-SC
synchronous
modulator.
frequency (ωc ).
Hint: Show that the filter output is a dc signal proportional to sin θ.for DSB-SC signals.
demodulator

4.2-8 Two signals m1 (t) and m2 (t), both band-limited to 5000 Hz, are to be transmitted simultaneously
.4.2-6
over a channel by the multiplexing scheme shown in Fig. P4.2-8. The signal at point b is the
+ +
multiplexed signal, which now modulates
+ a carrier of frequency 20,000 Hz. The modulated
id
signal atφ(t)
point cAiscos
transmitted
ωct over
R a channel. 1
– + Slope —
φ(t) e (t) r
+ signal spectra at points a,ob, and c.
(a) Sketch
(b) What must be the bandwidthRof the channel?
φ(t)
– – –
(c) Design a receiver to recover signals m1 (t) and m2 (t) from vd the modulated signal at
198 point
198 AMPLITUDE
AMPLITUDEc.
MODULATIONS
MODULATIONS ANDANDDEMODULATIONS
DEMODULATIONS (b)
(a)
4.2-9
Figure P.4.2-8
Figure The system
P.4.2-8 shown
M1M( f1)( in
f ) Fig. P4.2-9 is used
m1(t) for scrambling audio signals. The output y(t) is the
m1(t)
scrambled version of the input m(t).
4.2-7 In Fig. P4.2-6, if φ(t) = sin (ωc t + θ ), and the output e0 (t) is passed through
b b a low-pass cfilter,
c
–5000
then show that 0
–5000this circuit 5000
can f
5000be used as a phase detector, that ∑ is,
0 f ∑ a circuit that measures the
(a) Find
phase the spectrum
difference of the
twoscrambled signal y(t). frequency (ω ).
M2M(between
f2)( f ) sinusoids of the same
m2(t)
m2(t)
c
(b)
Hint:Suggest a method
Show that the filter of descrambling
output is a dc y(t)
signalto proportional
obtain m(t). to sin θ .
a a
2 cos 40,000πt
2 cos 40,000πt
4.2-8 Two signals–5000
m1 (t) and
–5000 0 m 5000
0 2 (t), bothf band-limited
5000 f to 5000 Hz, are to be transmitted simultaneously
98 AMPLITUDEover a channel byAND
MODULATIONS the multiplexing
DEMODULATIONS scheme
2 cosshown
20,000πt
2 cos
in Fig. P4.2-8. The signal at point b is the
20,000πt
multiplexed signal, which now modulates a carrier of frequency 20,000 Hz. The modulated
gure P.4.2-8 signal
M1at
( f point
) c is transmittedmover
1(t)
a channel.
5
A slightly modified
A slightly version
modified of this
version scrambler
of this waswas
scrambler firstfirst
used commercially
used on on
commercially thethe
25-mile radio-
25-mile radio-
(a) Sketch signal spectra
telephone
telephone at points
circuit connecting
circuit and
a, b,Los
connecting c.Angeles
Angeles
Los andand
Santa Catalina
Santa bisland.
Catalina island. c
–5000 0 5000 f ∑
(b) What must be the bandwidth of the channel?
M 2( f )
(c)AMPLITUDE m 2(t) DEMODULATIONS
Figure
198P.4.2-9
Figure Design
P.4.2-9
point c.
a MODULATIONS
receiver
f ) f ) to recover
M(M( AND
m(t) Chap 4
signals m1 (t) and
m(t) a
m2 (t) from the modulated signal at
Low-pass
Low-pass y(t)y(t) (Scrambled output)
filter
filter 2 cos 40,000πt
(Scrambled output)
Figure–5000
P.4.2-8 0 M 1( f ) f
5000 m1(t) 0–15
0–15 kHzkHz
– 15
4.2-9 The system kHzkHz in15
shown
– 15 kHz
Fig.
15 P4.2-9 is used for scrambling audio signals. The output y(t) is the
kHz
f kHz
f kHz 2 cos 20,000πt
scrambled version of the input m(t). b c
–5000 0 2 cos
5000 f30,000πt
2 cos 30,000πt ∑
(a) Find the spectrum
M2( f ) of the scrambled signal
m2(t) y(t).
A slightly
(b) Suggest
4.2-10 modified
a method
A DSB-SC version
of isofgiven
this scrambler
descrambling
signal byy(t)
m(t) was first
tocosobtain 6used
)10m(t).
(2π(2π)10 t. 6Theacommercially
carrier on of
frequency thethis
25-mile radio-
signal, 1 MHz,
4.2-10 A DSB-SC
telephone circuit signal is given by m(t) cos t. The carrier frequency of this
island.consists of one 2ring signal,
cosmodulator,
40,000πt 1 MHz,
is to
–5000 beconnecting
is to changed
be to Los
0changed
5000to
Angeles
400400
kHz. Theand
onlySanta Catalina
equipment available
f kHz. The only equipment available consists of one ring modulator,
a bandpass filter
a bandpass centered
filter at the
centered frequency
at the of of
frequency 400400
kHz, kHz,andand
oneone
sinesine
wave generator
wave whose
generator whose
frequency can be varied from 150 2tocos
21020,000πt
kHz. Show how you can obtain
frequency can be varied3 from 150 to 210 kHz. 6Show how you can obtain the desired the desired signal
signal
gure P.4.2-9 M( f ) cm(t) coscos × 400
(2π(2π × 10 t)3from m(t) coscos )10 t. 6Determine
(2π(2π)10 thethe
value of c.
cm(t) × 400 × 10 t) from m(t) t. Determine value of c.
m(t) Low-pass y(t)
4.3-1 Figure P4.3-1 shows a scheme for coherentfilter (synchronous) demodulation. (Scrambled
Show thatoutput)
this scheme
4.3-1 Figure P4.3-1 shows a scheme for coherent
0–15 (synchronous)
kHz demodulation. Show that
thethis scheme
can A slightly modified
demodulate the AM version
signal [Aof+this scrambler
m(t)] cos (2π fwas
t) first used
regardless commercially
of the value of on
A>
c t) regardless of the value of A>
25-mile radio-
– 15 kHz can
15 kHz demodulate the AM signal [A + m(t)] cos (2πf c
telephone circuit connecting Los Angeles and Santa Catalina island.
f kHz
Figure P.4.3-1 2 cos 30,000πt
Figure P.4.3-1
Figure P.4.2-9 M( f )
m(t) Low-pass y(t)
filter (Scrambled output)
4.2-10 A DSB-SC signal is given by m(t) cos (2π)106 t. The carrier 0–15frequency
kHz of this signal, 1 MHz,
– 15
is to be kHz to 400
changed 15 kHz
kHz. The only equipment available consists of one ring modulator,
a bandpass filter centeredf kHzat the frequency of 400 kHz, and one sine wave generator whose
frequency can be varied from 150 2 cos 30,000πt
to 210 kHz. Show how you can obtain the desired signal
cm(t) cos (2π × 400 × 10 t) from m(t) cos (2π)106 t. Determine the value of c.
3
4.3-2 Sketch the AM signal [A + m(t)] 6 coscos
(2π fc t) for the periodic triangle signal m(t) shown in
4.3-2 Sketch the AM signal [A + m(t)] (2πfc t) for the periodic triangle signal m(t) shown in
4.3-1 Figure4.2-10
Fig. P4.3-2 corresponding to the modulation indices
P4.3-1Fig.
shows
A a scheme
DSB-SC
P4.3-2 signalfor
correspondingcoherent
is giventoby (synchronous)
them(t) cos (2π)10
modulation 6 t.(a)
indices The
µ = 0.5; (b) µ = 1; (c) µ = 2; (d)
demodulation.
(a) carrier
µ = 0.5;Show that
frequency
(b) µ this
=of scheme
1;this
(c) signal,
µ = 2;1(d)
MHz,
µ = ∞. How do you interpret the case of µ = ∞?
can demodulateµis=the
to∞.AM
beHow signal
do you
changed [Ainterpret
to + m(t)]
400 kHz. cos
the case
The only
(2πf = ∞?
regardless
ofcµt)equipment of the value
available of A>
consists of one ring modulator,
 – 15 kHz 15 kHz
is to be changed to 4004.2-10
f kHz kHz. TheA DSB-SConly equipm
signa
4.2-10 A DSB-SC signal is given by m(t) cos (2π)106 t. The carrier frequency
a bandpass filter of this signal, 1 MHz,
centered at theis frequency
2 cos 30,000πt of
is to be changed to 400 kHz. The only equipment available consists of one ring modulator, to be changed
Problems
frequency can be varied from 150 199 to 210 filter
kHz.
a bandpass filter centered at the frequency of 400 kHz, cm(t) and one sine wave generator a bandpass
whose
cos (2π × 400 × 10 t) from 3 m(t) cos
frequency can(2π
be
4.3-3 frequency
For the AM can be varied
signal fromshown
with m(t) 150 to
Chap 4
in 210
Fig. kHz.
P4.3-2
cm(t) cos (2π × 400 × 103 t) from m(t) cos (2π)106is
Show
4.2-10
and µhow
A DSB-SC
t. to
4.3-1
you
= 0.8: canis obtain
signal
be changedthe
Determine
Figure
given bythe
to value
P4.3-1
400 kHz.
shows
m(t)desired
of The
a scheme
6 t. The carrier
signal
cos (2π)10
cm(t) cos
c. only equipment
for coherent
a bandpass filter centered at the frequency of 400 kHz, and
(2π ×
available
fre
co
(sync
on
(a) Find the amplitude and power of the carrier. can demodulate
frequency the AM
can be varied from signal
150 to [A
210 kHz.
4.3-1 +Show
Figure m(t)] cosyou
how
P4.3-1 sho
(2
4.3-1 Figure P4.3-1 shows a scheme for coherent (synchronous) demodulation.
cm(t) cos (2π × 400 × 10 Show thatm(t)
3 t) from thiscos
scheme
(2π)10 6 t. Determin
(b) demodulate
Find the sideband can demodulate t
can the AMpower
signaland
[A the power
+ m(t)] cosefficiency η.
(2πfc t) regardless of the value of A>
4.3-1 Figure P4.3-1 shows a scheme for coherent (synchronous) demod
Figure
4.3-4 (a) Sketch the DSB-SC signal P.4.3-1 to the message
corresponding can demodulate
signalthem(t)
AM = cos[A2π
signal + t.
m(t)] cos (2πfc t) regardless
Figure P.4.3-1
4.3-1 (b) The DSB-SC signal of part (a) is applied at the input of an envelope detector. Show that
the output of the envelope detector
Figure is not m(t), but |m(t)|. Show that, in general, if an AM
P.4.3-1
signal [A + m(t)] cos ωc t is envelope-detected, the output is |A + m(t)|. Hence, show that4.3-3 For the AM
the condition for recovering m(t) from the envelope detector is A + m(t) > 0 for all t.
(a) Find t
4.3-5 Show that any scheme that can be used to generate DSB-SC can also Problems generate AM.199 Is the (b) Find t
converse true? Explain.
4.3-3 For the AM signal with m(t) shown in Fig. P4.3-2 and µ = 0.8: 4.3-4
4.3-2 Sketch the AM signal [A + m(t)] cos (a)
(2πfSketch
c t)
4.3-6 Show that any scheme that can be used to demodulate 4.3-2 DSB-SC
Sketch the can
AM also
signal demodulate
[A + m(t)] 4.3-2
AM.
cos Is Sketch
t)the
for thethe
(b) AMDs
The
periodic
4.3-2 Sketch the AM signal [A + m(t)] cos (2πfc t) for the periodic Fig. P4.3-2 corresponding
triangle signal m(t) to the modulation
(2πf
shownc in in
(a)
converse true?
Find the Explain.
amplitude and power of the carrier. Fig. P4.3-2 corresponding to the modulationFig. P4.3-2
indices corre
(a) µthe
=ou 0.
Fig. P4.3-2 corresponding to the modulation indicesµ(a) µ= = ∞.
= ∞. How 0.5; How µdo=you1;theinterpret
(b) interpret
do you (c)case
µ of=µ2;the
=
case of µ = ∞
(d)
∞?
(b) µ = ∞. How do
signal
µ =Find
∞. the
How sideband
do you power andthe
interpret thecase
power
of µefficiency
= ∞? η. the co
4.3-7 In the text, the power efficiency of AM for a sinusoidal m(t) was found. Carry out a similar
analysis when m(t) is a random Figurebinary
Figure signal as shown in Fig. P4.3-7 and µ = 1. Sketch the
P.4.3-2
P.4.3-2
4.3-4 (a) Sketch the DSB-SC signal corresponding to the message signal Figure
m(t)P.4.3-2
= cos 2π t. 4.3-5 Show that
4.3-2 AM signal with µ = 1. Find the sideband’s power and the total power (power of the AM signal)
(b) The DSB-SC signal converse t
as well as their ratio (theofpower
part (a) is applied
efficiency η).at the input of an envelope detector. Show that
the output of the envelope detector is not m(t), but |m(t)|. Show that, in general, if an AM
4.3-6 Show that
signal [A + m(t)] cos ωc t is envelope-detected, the output is |A + m(t)|. Hence, show that converse t
7
the condition for recovering m(t) from the envelope detector is A + m(t) > 0 for all t.
P.4.3-7 A
4.3-7 In the text
4.3-5 Show that any scheme that can be used to generate DSB-SC can also generate AM. Is the analysis w
converse true? Explain. t AM signal
–A
Chap 4
4.3-6 Show that any scheme that can be used to demodulate DSB-SC can also demodulate AM. Is the
as well as

converse true? Explain.

Figure P.4.3-7
4.3-8 In the early days of radio, AM signals were demodulated by a crystal detector followed byA a
4.3-7 Inlow-pass
the text,filter
the and
power
a dcefficiency
blocker, as ofshown
AM for a sinusoidal
in Fig. m(t) was
P4.3-8. Assume found. detector
a crystal Carry out a similar
to be basically
analysis when
a squaring is a randomthe
m(t) Determine
device. binary signal
signals as shown
at points a, b, in Fig. d.
c, and P4.3-7
Pointand
out µthe=distortion
1. Sketchterm
the
–Ain
AMthe signal
outputwith = 1. Find
y(t).µShow that ifthe
A sideband’s power
≫ |m(t)|, the and theistotal
distortion power (power of the AM signal)
small.
as well as their ratio (the power efficiency η).
4.3-8 In the earl
P.4.3-8 wAM(t) x(t) y(t) low-pass fi
.4.3-7 A ( )2 Low-pass a squaring
filter DC block
the output
a b c d
t
–A
Figure P.4.3-8 wAM(t)
(
4.4-1 In a QAM system (Fig. 4.19), the locally generated carrier has a frequency error $ω and a phase
a
error δ; that is, the receiver carrier is cos [(ωc + $ω)t + δ] or sin [(ωc + $ω)t + δ]. Show that
4.3-8 In the early days of radio, AM signals were demodulated by a crystal detector followed by a
the output of the upper receiver branch is
low-pass filter and a dc blocker, as shown in Fig. P4.3-8. Assume a crystal detector to be basically
a squaring device. Determine the signals at points a, b, c, and d. Point out the distortion term in4.4-1 In a QAM
the output y(t). Show thatmif A≫
1 (t) cos|m(t)|,
[($ω)tthe+distortion is sin
δ] − m2 (t) small.
[($ω)t + δ] error δ; tha
the output

instead of m1 (t), and the output of the lower receiver branch is

.4.3-8 wAM(t) x(t) y(t)
( )2 Low-pass
m (t) sin filter +8δ] + m (t) cosDC
[($ω)t
block
[($ω)t + δ]
a b 1 c 2 d instead of
4.4-3 For the signals in Prob. 4.4-2, use Eq. (4.20) to determine the time domain expressions ϕLSB (t)
4.4-3 and
For the
ϕUSBsignals
(t) if in
theProb. 4.4-2,
carrier use Eq. (4.20)
frequency to determine the time domain expressions ϕLSB (t)
ωc = 1000.
and ϕUSB (t) if the carrier frequency ωc = 1000.
Hint: If m(t) is a sinusoid, its Hilbert transform mh (t) is the sinusoid m(t) phase-delayed by π/2
rad.
rad.
Chap 4
Hint: If m(t) is a sinusoid, its Hilbert transform mh (t) is the sinusoid m(t) phase-delayed by π/2

4.4-4 (t) and ϕUSB (t) for the modulating signal m(t) = πB sinc 2
Find ϕ
4.4-4 Find ϕLSB 2 (2πBt) with B = 2000
LSB (t) and ϕUSB (t) for the modulating signal m(t) = π B sinc (2π Bt) with B = 2000
Hz
Hz and
and carrier frequencyffc ==10,
carrier frequency 10,000
000Hz.
Hz.Follow
Followthese
thesesteps:
steps:
c

(a)
(a) Sketch spectra of
Sketch spectra of m(t) andthe
m(t)and thecorresponding
correspondingDSB-SCDSB-SC signal
signal 2m(t)
2m(t) coscos
ωcω t. c t.
(b)
(b) To
To find the LSB
find the LSB spectrum,
spectrum,suppress
suppressthe
theUSBUSBininthe
theDSB-SC
DSB-SC spectrum
spectrum found
found (a).(a).
in part
in part
(c)
(c) Find the LSB
Find the LSB signal
signalϕϕLSB whichisisthe
(t),which
LSB(t), theinverse
inverseFourier
Fourier transform
transform of of
thethe
LSB LSB spectrum
spectrum
found in part (b). Follow
part (b). Followaasimilar
similarprocedure
proceduretotofindfindϕUSB
ϕUSB(t).(t).

4.4-5
4.4-5 If Hilbert transform
If mh (t) is the Hilbert transformofofm(t), then
m(t),then

(a) Show that the

(a) the Hilbert
Hilberttransform h (t)isis−m(t).
transformofofmmh (t) −m(t).
(b) Show also
(b) also that
that the
theenergies
energiesofofm(t)
m(t)and
andmm h (t)are
h (t) areidentical.
identical.

4.4-6 An
4.4-6 An LSB
LSB signal
signal is
is demodulated
demodulatedcoherently,
coherently,asasshown
shownininFig.Fig.P4.4-6.
P4.4-6.Unfortunately, because
Unfortunately, because
of the transmission delay, the received signal carrier is not 2 cos ω t as sent, but
of the transmission delay, the received signal carrier is not 2 cos ωc t as sent, but rather,
c rather, is is
2 cos [(ω + $ω)t + δ]. The local oscillator is still cos ω t. Show the following.
2 cos [(ωcc + $ω)t + δ]. The local oscillator is still cos cωc t. Show the following.

(a) When
(a) When δδ = = 0,0, the
the output y(t)isisthe
outputy(t) thesignal m(t) with all its spectral components shifted
9signal m(t) with all its spectral components shifted
(offset) by $ω.
(offset) by $ω.
Hint: Observe that the output y(t) is identical to the right-hand side of Eq. (4.20a) with ω
Hint: Observe that the output y(t) is identical to the right-hand side of Eq. (4.20a) withc ωc
replaced with $ω.
replaced with $ω.
(b) When $ω = 0, the output is the signal m(t) with phases of all its spectral components
(b) When $ω = 0, the output is the signal m(t) with phases of all its spectral components
shifted by δ.
shifted by δ.that the output spectrum Y ( f ) = M ( f )ejδ for f ≥ 0, and equal to M ( f )e−jδ
Hint: Show jδ −jδ
< 0. that the output spectrum Y ( f ) = M ( f )e for f ≥ 0, and equal to M ( f )e
when fShow
Hint:
when f < 0.
(c) In each of these cases, explain the nature of distortion.
(c) In each
Hint: Forofpart
these cases,
(a), explain the
demodulation natureofofshifting
consists distortion.
an LSB spectrum to the left and right
Hint: For part (a),
by ωc + $ω and low-pass-filtering the result. For partan
demodulation consists of shifting LSB
(b), usespectrum to the(4.20b)
the expression left andfor
right
by + multiply
ωc(t),
ϕLSB $ω and it low-pass-filtering the2 result.
by the local carrier cos (ωcFor
t + part (b),low-pass-filter
δ), and use the expression (4.20b) for
the result.
ϕLSB (t), multiply it by the local carrier 2 cos (ωc t + δ), and low-pass-filter the result.