6.

0
System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
Learning Outcome

At the end of this lesson students should be able to :

a) Identify five (5) steps of system development life cycle
based on activities in SDLC: Planning, Analysis, Design,
Implementation and Maintenance.(L)
System Development Life Cycle

• Information system is a collection of hardware, software,

data, people and procedures that work together to produce
information.
• System development is a set of activities used to build an
information system
• Activities grouped into larger categories called as phases.
• Collection phases known as System Development Life
Cycle.
System Development Guidelines

1.
Group activities
into phases
2.
Involve user
3.
Define
standards
Who participates in System Development? 2
1
Users
System Analyst
• Use the Information system
• Responsible for designing and
developing an information 3
system
Vendors
• Install & maintain software /
system.
5 • Provide technical supports
Steering Committee Programmers 4
members
• Convert system design into
• Decision-making body of an appropriate programming
organization language.
What Initiates a System Development Project?

To correct a problem such

01 as an incorrect calculation
or a security breach

Reasons are :

To improve the existing

02 information system
Phases in SDLC
1. PLANNING

2. ANALYSIS

SDLC 3. DESIGN

4. IMPLEMENTATION

5. MAINTENANCE
 Company Logo

CHECK POINT 6.0 (a)

Refer to Tutorial Question
Learning Outcome

At the end of this lesson students should be able to :

b) Explain the steps of system development life cycle. (T)
Planning

• Used to identify the potential projects and to

allocate required resources
Planning
Steering Committee 4 Major Activities
Receive the project request
1 2 3 4
Consists of : Review
i. Managers and Prioritize Form a
approve the Allocate project
ii. IT Personnel the project resource development
iii. Vice president project request team
iv. Nonmanagement users request
 Planning
1. Review and approve the project request 2.Prioritize the project request
User’s requests to modify an existing The approved project requests
system or to create a new system will will be prioritized according to
be reviewed by the steering committee the importance of the system
and some will be approved. requested.

3.Allocate the resources 4.Form a project team

The steering committee will decide on Project development team will
the resources to be allocated for the be formed. The team normally
projects. Resources include money, consists of system analysts,
people, equipment and time. programmers and designers.
Analysis

2 Major Activities

1 2
Conduct preliminary
Perform detailed analysis
investigation
Analysis
Conduct preliminary investigation
(feasibility study) System Analyst

Gather data ?

Purpose : • Interviews
Get data from
i. determine the the user • Observation
exact nature of
the problems or • Review
improvement documentation
ii. decide whether • Joint -application
it is worth design (JAD) session
pursuing
• Research
• Observe
Analysis
Perform detailed analysis
System Analyst

1
Study how the 2
current system
Determine the
work
user’s wants,
3
needs Recommend a
requirements solution

System
Proposal
Analysis
The System Proposal 2
Assess the feasibility of each alternatives
solution and recommend the most
feasible solution for the project

presents a system Steering committee

1 proposal to steering will decide whether
committee for an approval. to ….
Modify existing system

Buy retail software

System Analyst Build custom software

Outsource IT needs to an outside firm

Analysis
buy packaged software

• Mass-produced, copyrighted, prewritten software available for

purchase such as word processing, desktop publishing

build custom software

• Write own applications using C++, Java, Visual Basic

• Match organization ‘s requirements.

outsource IT needs to an outside firm

• Having an outside source to develop custom software.

Design

• Used to acquire hardware and software needed

for the new system and to create the detailed design of the
new or modified information system.
Design
2 Major Activities

1 2
Acquiring necessary Develop details of new or
hardware and software modified information system

Obtaining additional hardware or

software that meets organization’s
needs by System Analyst

1 2 3 4

Test and
Identify Soliciting Make a
evaluate
technical vendor decision
vendor
specification proposal
proposal
Design 2 Major Activities

1 2
Acquiring necessary Develop details of new or
hardware and software modified information
system

1 2 3
Database Input Output Program
Design Design Design

◼ Prototype is working model of the proposed system

 Design

Database Design

Input Output Design

Program Design
Implementation

• Used to construct, or build the new or modified

system and then deliver it to the users
Implementation
4 Major Activities

1 2 3 4

Install and
test the Convert to the
Develop Train User
new new system
Program
system
Implementation
Develop Program
Programmers write / modify the system follow the
program development life cycle.

25
Implementation
Install And Test New System

The system analyst should install and test required new

hardware and software because :

a) To avoid error in the system after it is delivered to

the users

b) To make sure that all the programs work together in

the system

26
Implementation
Install And Test New System

4 Test Performed

Systems Integration Acceptance

Unit test
test test test
• Verifies that • Verifies that • Verifies that • Checks the new
each all programs an application system to ensure
individual in an works with that it works with
program or application other actual data
object works work together applications
by itself properly

27
Implementation
Train User
▪ User must be trained properly on a systems
functionality (how to use new hardware and software
in the system)
▪ Training methods include
• One-on-one session
• Classroom-style lectures
• Web-based training

photo from : canva.com

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Implementation
Convert To The New System
a) Direct conversion :
• Abandoning the old and starting up the new
b) Parallel conversion
• Old and new systems are operated side by side until the
new ones proves to be reliable
c) Phased conversion
• The new system is implemented gradually over a period
time
d) Pilot conversion
• The new system is tried out in only one part of the
organization

29
Implementation Convert To The New System
Direct
OLD SYSTEM NEW SYSTEM
Conversion
Parallel OLD SYSTEM
Conversion NEW SYSTEM

OLD SYSTEM NEW SYSTEM

Phased
OLD SYSTEM NEW SYSTEM
Conversion
OLD SYSTEM NEW SYSTEM

OLD SYSTEM NEW SYSTEM

Pilot
OLD SYSTEM NEW SYSTEM
Conversion
NEW SYSTEM
TIME

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 Information System

Maintenance
• Provides ongoing assistance for an information system and its
users after the system is implemented.

3 Major Activities

1 2 3

Performed Monitor system Assess

maintenance performance System
activity Security
Maintenance
1) Performed maintenance activities
• Include fixing errors in, as well as improving, a
system operations.
✓ Post-implementation system review
✓ Corrective maintenance
✓ Adaptive maintenance

32
Maintenance
2) Monitor System Performance
• Purpose – to determine whether the system is
inefficient or unstable at any point
• Perform perfective maintenance (if any).

3) Assess System security

• Responsible for physical security of an organization's
property and people and also is in charge of securing
computing resources
• Responsible by CSO – Chief Security Officers

33
 Company Logo

CHECK POINT 6.0 (b)

Refer to Tutorial Question