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lecture 3

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moh.90586
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Northern Technical University

Technical College / Kirkuk


Mechanical Power Technologies Eng.Dept
Fuel & Energy Technologies Eng.Dept

Electricity Technology
Series and Parallel circuit
Lecture (3)
Presented by :
Khaleel Ali Khudur
Resistors in Series
 A series circuit provides only one path for current between two points so that
the current is the same through each series resistor.

 In a series circuit, the current that flows through each of the components is the
same, and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltage
drops across each component.
Properties of series circuit
 At any point in circuit, the current in to that point must equal the current out of that
point.
IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = In

 The sum of all the voltage drops a round a single closed path in a circuit is equal to
the total source voltage in that closed path.
𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 + 𝑉𝑛

 For any number of individual resistors connected in series, the total resistance is
the sum of each of the individual values.
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + 𝑅𝑛
Example
Calculate the current passing through 𝑅3 and voltage
drop at each resistor in the circuit of figure (1)
Solution Figure (1)

R T = R1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4 R T = 82 + 18 + 15 + 10 R T = 125Ω

𝑉𝑇 25 𝑉
𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼𝑇 = 0.2𝐴 IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = I4
RT 125Ω
𝑉1 = I1 ∙ R1 𝑉1 = (0.2𝐴)(82Ω) 𝑉1 = 16.4 𝑉

𝑉2 = I2 ∙ R 2 𝑉2 = (0.2𝐴)(18Ω) 𝑉2 = 3.6 𝑉
𝑉3 = I3 ∙ R 3 𝑉3 = (0.2𝐴)(15Ω) 𝑉3 = 3 𝑉

𝑉4 = I4 ∙ R 4 𝑉4 = (0.2𝐴)(10Ω) 𝑉4 = 2 𝑉

Example
Find the value of 𝑅4 resistor and power at 𝑅4 . If
current circuit is 200mA

Solution
VT 100V
RT = RT = R T = 500Ω
IT 200 × 10−3
R T = R1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4 500Ω = 10Ω + 47Ω + 100Ω + R 4

R 4 = 343Ω

P4 = I 2 ∙ R P4 = 0.2 2 ∙ 343 P4 = 13.72w

H.W :- Determine the total amount of power and


power in the all resistors
Voltage Source in Series
A voltage source is an energy source that provides a constant voltage to a load.
Batteries and power supplies are practical examples of dc voltage source. When two
or more voltage sources are in series, the total voltage is equal to the algebraic sum
of the individual source voltages.
Resistors in Parallel
In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and
the total current is the sum of the currents flowing through each component.

Properties of parallel circuit


IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + In

𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = 𝑉𝑛
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
R T R1 R 2 R 3 R n
Example
Calculate the total resistance of the circuit shown in figure
Solution
Method 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = +
R T R1 R 2 R T 6 12

1 2+1 1 3 1 1
= = = 𝑅𝑇 = 4Ω
RT 12 R T 12 RT 4

Method 2
R1 ∙ R 2 6 × 12
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇 = 4Ω
R1 + R 2 6 + 12
Example
Calculate the total resistance of the circuit shown in figure

Solution
R1 ∙ R 2 ∙ 𝑅3
𝑅𝑇 =
R1 R 2 + R1 R 3 + R 2 R 3

100 × 47 × 22
𝑅𝑇 =
100 × 47 + 100 × 22 + 47 × 22

𝑅𝑇 = 13Ω
Example
Find the voltage source and the current through for each resistor.

Solution
R1 ∙ R 2 ∙ 𝑅3
𝑅𝑇 =
R1 R 2 + R1 R 3 + R 2 R 3

220 × 560 × 1000


𝑅𝑇 =
220 × 560 + 220 × 1000 + 560 × 1000

𝑅𝑇 = 136.4Ω

𝑉𝑇 = IT ∙ R T 𝑉𝑇 = 10 × 10−3 × 136.4 VT = 1.36 V


𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = 1.36 𝑉

𝑉1 1.36 𝑉
𝐼1 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼1 = 0.0062A 𝐼1 = 6.2mA
R1 220Ω

𝑉2 1.36 𝑉
𝐼2 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼2 = 0.0024A 𝐼2 = 2.4mA
R2 560Ω

𝑉3 1.36 𝑉
𝐼3 = 𝐼3 = 𝐼3 = 1.36mA
R3 1𝐾Ω
Thank you for
listening
Any question

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