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5 views

ProgrammingForDS17_DataScience

Uploaded by

Margarita Hambaryan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Science

Liana Harutyunyan
Programming for Data Science
May 1, 2024
American University of Armenia
[email protected]

1
Data Science

• Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses


algorithms, procedures, and processes to examine large
amounts of data in order to uncover hidden patterns,
generate insights, and direct decision making.

2
Data Science

• Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses


algorithms, procedures, and processes to examine large
amounts of data in order to uncover hidden patterns,
generate insights, and direct decision making.
• It includes but is not limited to this stages:
• Data collection, cleaning and preprocessing
• Exploratory data analysis
• Machine learning (finding insights)
• Communication and interpretation of results

2
Programming for Data Science

Main programming languages used for Data Science are

• Python - which is more general-purpose programming


language
• R - which is primarily used for statistical analysis and
data visualization

3
Programming for Data Science

Main programming languages used for Data Science are

• Python - which is more general-purpose programming


language
• R - which is primarily used for statistical analysis and
data visualization

However, both of them, develop with high speed, and


sometimes it just comes to personal preference.

3
Data Science and Machine Learning

Machine Learning is a part of Data Science.


Deep Learning is a part of Machine Learning.

4
Main directions

Machine Learning has 3 main techniques to learn something


(algorithms also divide into these categories):
• Supervised Learning - when you have labeled dataset,
both inputs and outputs
• regression
• classification

5
Main directions

Machine Learning has 3 main techniques to learn something


(algorithms also divide into these categories):
• Supervised Learning - when you have labeled dataset,
both inputs and outputs
• regression
• classification
• Unsupervised Learning - unlabeled dataset, only input,
we provide the machine with data and ask to look for
hidden features

5
Main directions

Machine Learning has 3 main techniques to learn something


(algorithms also divide into these categories):
• Supervised Learning - when you have labeled dataset,
both inputs and outputs
• regression
• classification
• Unsupervised Learning - unlabeled dataset, only input,
we provide the machine with data and ask to look for
hidden features
• Reinforcement Learning - machine learns getting
positive and negative rewards from the environment
(similar to how the child learns)

5
Linear Regression example

Imagine you have a dataset of Flat area and price, and you
want to predict the price of the apartment based on the
area.
Let’s do the same exercise in both Python and R.

• Build a toy dataset of area-price relationship.


• Use built-in libraries and functions to predict the
relationship.

6
Classical Models

• In Python, the most classical Machine Learning


algorithms are implemented in sklearn package.
• In R, some algorithms are in the base library, others
have their individual packages. Currently unified
package is being developed.

7
Deep Learning Models

To write Deep Learning Models (Neural Nets) in Python, you


need either of the following libraries:

• PyTorch
• Tensorflow

They require more code than the classical models.


(For R, libraries for deep learning are being developed, but
not highly used.)

8
Other terms

Other terms used in Data Science:

• Web Scraping - Download data from Internet that are


not already available for download (tables)
• APIs - Download data using APIs (request - reply of data)

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