Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

Experiment 04
CNC Milling

Objectives:

• To write the G & M codes for slotting operations and perform the operations on
the CNC Milling.

Types of CNC machines

• CNC Turning
• CNC milling
• CNC wire-cut
• CNC router
• CNC laser cut
• CNC water jet cutting etc.

Working on CNC Machine/ EDM wire-cut

C) Machine
A) Instructions B) Controller
Component

A) Instructions to machine: (based on the available facilities in Labs)

Machine Form of instruction

EDM wirecut 2D cad drawings using AutoCAD software

CNC lathe Writing G & M codes manually
CNC milling Generating G & M codes using Fusion 360 software

G & M codes
Generally, G-codes create movement & M-codes turn things ON, turn things OFF.

Recommended order of Addresses in a block

N… G… X (or U)… Z (or W)… F… S… T… D… M… H…

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Addresses

N Refers to block number / sequence

G G-codes
X Absolute distance traveled by tool in x-axis
U Incremental distance traveled by tool in x-axis
Z Absolute distance traveled by tool in z-axis
W Incremental distance traveled by tool in z-axis
F Feed rate
S Spindle speed
T Tooling management
M M-codes

G-codes (Preparatory functions)

G Code Description
G00 Positioning (rapid traverse)
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 Circular interpolation clockwise
G03 Circular interpolation counterclockwise
G04 Dwell
G17 Plane XY
G18 Plane XZ
G19 Plane YZ
G20 Dimensions in inches
G21 Dimensions in mm
G28 Automatic machine reference
G40 Cancel cutter radius compensation
G41 Cutter radius compensation left
G42 Cutter radius compensation right
G80 Deselection of drilling cycles
G90 Absolute programming
G91 Incremental programming
G92 Spindle speed limit

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

G98 Feed per minute

G99 Feed per revolution
G96 Constant cutting speed, feed per revolution
G97 Constant spindle speed

M-codes (Miscellaneous functions)

M
Code Description
M00 Programmed stop
M01 Optional stop
M02 Main program end
M03 Spindle rotation clockwise
M04 Spindle rotation counterclockwise
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant ON
M09 Coolant OFF
M10 Chuck open
M11 Chuck close
M19 Spindle lock
M20 Spindle unlock
M30 Main program end

Lab Task (Write a program to change the cutting tool CNC Slotting Program for
Precise Linear Interpolation and Axis Positioning operation on workpiece on CNC
Milling machine):

G code:

G54 G41 G17 G90;

T1 D1;

M03 S100

G95 F0.9;

G00 X0 Y0;

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

Z0;

Z0.5;

Y70;

X140;

Y0;

X0;

G00 X15 Y15

Z0;

Z0.5;

G01 Y50

X100;

Y15;

X15;

Z10;

M30;

Procedure:

• Prepare the Workpiece: Secure the workpiece on the CNC machine using
clamps or a vice to ensure it remains stable during the slotting operation.
• Tool Selection Choose the appropriate cutting tool (such as an end mill) based
on the slot's width, depth, and material of the workpiece.
• Set the Machine Parameters: Input the required parameters into the CNC
machine, such as spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, according to the
material and tool specifications.
• Program the Slotting Path: Create a CNC program using G-codes, typically
involving linear movements (e.g., `G01`) to guide the tool along the desired
path.
• The program will include axis movements in X, Y, and Z to define the slot
dimensions.
• Run the Program: Execute the CNC program to move the cutting tool along the
defined slotting path.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

• The tool will cut along the X or Y axis while maintaining the required depth (Z-
axis).
• Monitor the Operation: Observe the slotting process to ensure there are no
issues like tool wear, vibration, or improper cutting.
• Finish and Clean the Slot: Once the slot is completed, inspect the workpiece
for accuracy.
• Clean up any burrs or rough edges using appropriate tools.
• Final Inspection: Measure the slot to confirm it meets the required dimensions
and tolerances.

Conclusion:
This CNC program instructs the machine to make a series of linear movements
using the G01 command. The tool moves in a precise path along the X, Y, and Z
axes as part of a slotting operation. The simplicity of the program suggests that it is
likely intended for a basic operation, such as creating a slot or contour in a
workpiece, with defined start and stop points along each axis.

Photograph of the product/part manufactured in Lab:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra