Selfstudys Com File
Selfstudys Com File
Answer: Those economic activities which are engaged in the processing and altering of
raw materials and semi-finished products into finished products are known as
manufacturing industries.
Question 3: Which are other manufacturing industries, which depend on Iron and Steel
industry?
Answer: Other manufacturing industries, e.g., machine tools, railway rolling stock like
locomotives,
coaches and ship-building indirectly depend on it.
Answer: Engineering industries directly depend on it. For example, Defence equipment’s,
a variety of consumer goods like bicycles, fans, furniture, tractors and other agricultural
machinery are also manufactured.
Answer: The mini Steel plants are of small or medium size and have less production
capacity as compared with the big Steel plants. It has electric furnaces and utilize scrap
sponge iron as raw materials.
Answer: Integrated Steel Plant is one where all the processes are carried out in one
complex, starting from handling of raw materials, Sinter making, Coke making, Steel
making, rolling and shaping.
Question 7: Where are the recent Integrated Iron and Steel Plants of India located?
Answer: Vishakhapatnam Steel Project, Vijayanagar Steel Plant and Salem Steel Plant.
Question 8: What are the facilities enjoyed by ‘Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Works’?
Answer: It is ideally located because most of the materials required are available within a
radius of 50 km at Bhadr,avati. Instead of coal it was charcoal from the wood in Shimoga
and Kadur forests.
Answer: The Durgapur Steel Plant is located in Burdwan district of West Bengal (about
160 km. from Kolkata).
Question 10: (i) Which river provides the water facilities for IISCO plant?
(ii) From where does it export its finished goods?
Answer: (i) Damodar river provides the water facilities for IISCO plant.
(ii) Kolkata port facilitates the export of finished goods.
Question 11: Mention any one problem faced by the Iron and Steel Industry in India.
Answer: Petrochemicals are the important organic chemicals, derived from petroleum
products, LPG and Coal. The industry is normally located near an oil refinery.
Question 13: What is the basic raw material or requirements for Petrochemical industry?
Answer: The basic requirement for petrochemical industry are Naphtha or Ethylene and
Benzene.
Answer: Petrochemicals are used for manufacturing synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber,
ferrous and non- ferrous metals, plastic, dyestuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Answer: The Heavy Industries are: Ship-building, Railway rolling stock and Automobile
industries.
Question 16: Where does the Chittaranjan Locomotives industry gets its coal and iron
ore.
Answer: It gets its coal iron ore from Rourkela Steel Plant.
Answer: They are manufactured at Bhopal by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).
Question 22: What are the main products manufactured by the Electronic Industry?
Answer: It manufactures radio sets, television sets, power transmitters, data processing
machines and computers.
Question 23: Where are the main manufacturing centres of Electronic Industry.
Answer: They are at Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Pune.
Question 24: Which satellites are built by our Space Technology in support with our
Electronic Industry.
Short Questions
Question 1: Name the section into which an Iron and Steel plant can be divided.
Answer: An Iron and Steel plant can be divided into the four sections:
(i) Raw materials processing area.
(ii) Blast furnaces.
(iii) Steel melting furnaces.
(iv) Rolling mills.
Question 2: What are the resources necessary for the development of Iron and Steel
industry?
Answer: The resources necessary for the development of Iron and Steel industry are iron-
ore; fuel—coal, thermal power; ferro alloys—tungsten, cobalt, manganese; scrap—waste
material; flux— limestone, dolomite or gypsum.
Answer: Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Works is a new name of Mysore Iron and Steel
Works. It was started in the year 1923 at Bhadravati. It was formerly a private sector
concern. Since 1962, it is in the public sector and is owned by the Central Government and
State Government of Karnataka and has been renamed Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Ltd.
Question 5: (i) What is the ‘speciality’ of Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant?
(ii) Name the Power Stations that supply electricity to this plant.
Answer: (i) High quality coking coal is obtained from Raniganj and Jharia.
(ii) Manganese ore from Sundargarh district.
(iii) Limestone from Birmitrapur (Madhya Pradesh).
Question 7: Mention three advantages that a mini steel plant has over an integrated steel
plant.
Answer: The advantages are: Mini Steel Plants use electric furnaces thus conserving
coking coal. They require less capital investments. Since they are located in industrial
towns so transport cost is reduced. It is ecofriendly does not require large capital
investment.
Answer: (i) High quality iron-ore is obtained from Durg, Chanda and Bastar districts,
(ii) Limestone is brought from Nandini mines 25 km. away from north of Bhilai.
(iii) Electricity is transmitted from Korba Thermal Power Station.
Answer: (i) The Bokaro Steel Plant is located at Bokaro in Jharkhand. It is on the right
bank of the Damodar river.
(ii) (a) Iron ore from Kiriburu mines in Orissa.
(b) Coal is brought from Jharia Coal fields located at a distance of 65 km.
(c) Limestone from Palamau and Dolomite from Bilaspur district.
Question 11: What are the facilities enjoyed by the Rourkela Steel Plant?
Answer: (i) Iron-ore is obtained from Bonaigarh and Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and
Noamundi.
(ii) HEP is secured from the Hirakud Power Project.
(iii) Coal is secured from Raniganj, Jharia, Talcher and Korba coal fields.
Question 12: Where does Rourkela Steel Plant get its raw material.
Question 13: Mention any two advantages does the Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant have
over the other Steel plants in the public sector?
Answer: (i) Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant is a modem integrated Steel plant with the latest
technology and some of the largest size units.
(ii) Vishakhapatnam’s modern protected harbour and deep land locked port facilitates
import of raw materials and export of finished goods.
Question 14: Why are the Iron and Steel Industries concentrated in the Damodar valley
region.
Iron and Steel industries are concentrated in the Damodar valley region due to:
Question 16: Mention two reasons for the development of the petrochemical industry in
India.
Answer: The raw materials for the petrochemicals industry are cheaper. They are easily
available and not dependent on the traditional raw materials like, metal, wood or
agricultural products.
Question 17: Name three units for production of locomotives and coaches under the
Ministry of Railways.
Answer: The three units for the production of locomotives and coaches under the Ministry
of railways are:
(i) The Locomotive Works at Chittaranjan (West Bengal).
(ii) The Locomotive Works at Varanasi (U.P.).
(iii) The Integral Coach Factory at Perambur (near Chennai).
Question 18: What are the four basic requirements of automobile industry?
Answer: (i) Engineering raw material like steel, iron, leather or paint, etc.
(ii) Tools, machinery and other facilities for the running and maintenance of the factory.
(iii) Finished goods like plastic parts, tyres, tubes and batteries etc.
(iv) Coal and hydropower.
Question 20: What industrial product are the following centres noted for?
(i) Gurgaon (ii) Perambur (iii) Chittaranjan.
Question 22: What is the significance of the Electronics Industry in recent times?
Long Questions
Answer: (i) Any economic activity concerned with the production of goods, extraction of
minerals, or tire provision of services is called industry.
(ii) Agro-based industries utilise agricultural products as raw material, e.g., sugar industry,
jute industry.
Mineral based industries obtain their raw materials from mines and quarries like coals,
iron-ore, bauxite, etc., Steel plants.
Question 2: (i) What role do mini steel plants play in India’s economy?
(ii) Mention the names of some mini Steel plants which are proposed, planned and
operating projects.
(iii) Name the foreign collaborators of the following Iron and Steel plants:
Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur and Bokaro.
Answer: (i) Mini Steel plants use electric furnaces, thereby conserving coking coal and
producing alloy Steel which meets the Steel requirements of far flung areas. They produce
3-5 million tonnes of Steel. Since they are located in industrial towns, the cost of transport
is greatly reduced. They also have the advantage of less capital investment.
(ii) (a) A mini Steel plant at Solan near Shimla.
(b) Hospet in Karnataka is in the process of being planned carefully.
(c) Near Goa a proposed project.
(d) Chanda near Nagpur in Maharashtra is a proposed project.
(iii) The foreign collaborators for the above Steel plants are:
Bhilai Steel Plant: USSR (now Russia)
Rourkela Steel Plant: Germany Durgapur Steel Plant: Britain
Bokaro Steel Plant: USSR (now Russia)
Question 4: (i) What does IISCO stand for and where is it located?
(ii) Name the three basic raw materials required by the Steel plant and the places from
where it gets each of them.
Answer: (i) IISCO stand for the Indian Iron and Steel Company. It is located at Bumpur
and Kulti in West Bengal, 210 km. from Kolkata.
(ii) Iron-ore—Singhbhumi (Jharkhand) and Mayurbhanj (Orissa); Coal—Ramnagar,
Raniganj and Jharia; Manganese—Balaghat and Birmitrapur; Limestone and Dolomite:
Gangapur (Orissa).
Question 5: With reference to the Iron and Steel industry in India, give logical
explanations for the following:
(i) The location of this industry is governed by its close proximity to raw material.
(ii) This industry is not found in western India.
(iii) Most of the ‘Iron and Steel’ plants are ‘public sector undertakings’.
(iv) Mini Steel plants are becoming more popular.
Answer: (i) The location of this industry is governed by its close proximity to raw material
because due to the bulky nature of the raw material and the large quantities in which they
are needed, a high cost of transportation is involved.
(ii) This industry is not found in Western India because of unavailability of raw material.
(iii) Most of the Iron and Steel plants are public sector undertakings because it requires
large capital investment, machinery and needs research facilities.
(iv) Since mini Steel plants are smaller in size, they can be conveniently located in
industrial towns to meet the special Steel requirements, this reduces transport cost.
It utilises scrap iron from big Steel plant as raw material and thus help in recycling and
does not need huge capital investment.
Question 6: With reference to Tata Iron and Steel Company, answer the following;
(i) When and where was it set up?
(ii) From where does it gets its supply of Iron-ore, coal, limestone and manganese?
Question 7: With reference to Visveswaraya Iron and Steel Ltd., answer the following:
(i) Name the state in which it is located.
(ii) From where does it get iron ore and power supply?
Answer: (i) Visveswaraya Iron and Steel Ltd. is located in Mysore state.
(ii) (1) It gets its iron supply from Kemmangundi mines (Chikmaglur district)
(2) Power supply from:
(a) Charcoal from nearby forests of Malnad area.
(b) Electricity is obtained from the Jog Hydroelectricity and Shravati Power Project.
Answer: (i) The industries which require heavy and bulky raw material, enormous amount
of power, huge investment and large transport cost are called Heavy Industries.
(ii) The importance of heavy engineering industries lies in the fact that these provide
various types of semi-finished or finished goods for small scale and other subsidiary
industries.
(iii) Heavy engineering industries require:
(a) Heavy and bulky raw material.
(b) Enormous amount of power.
Question 10: How did electronic industry develop in India? What are its diversified field
now?
Answer: Electronic industry developed in India in 1950. It started with the manufacturing
of radio sets and now it has spread all over India in various diversified fields such as
defence equipment’s, medical diagnosis, communication, information technology, computer
system, space exploration. Indian hardware and software is in great demand world wide.
Give Reasons
Question 1: Give two reasons favouring the location of Iron and Steel Plant in north-
eastern Deccan.
Answer: (i) Availability of iron ore, manganese, coal, limestone in close nearness since
transportation of these bulky material would require a lot of money.
(ii) Iron and Steel industry is a labour intensive industry. Jharkhand, Bihar and U. P. of
India are densely populated and cheap labour available.
Question 2: Explain three reasons as to why there is a large concentration of iron and
steel plants in the Chhota Nagpur Region.
Answer: Three reasons for large concentration of iron and steel plant in Chhota Nagpur
region are:
(i) Availability of raw iron ore
(ii) Availability of coal for power
(iii) Availability of cheap labour
Question 3: Most of the petrochemical units are in Maharashtra or Gujarat. Give two
reasons to explain why?
Question 4: Mention two reasons why petrochemical products are replacing traditional raw
materials.
Answer: Petrochemicals are replacing traditional raw materials because they are quite
cheap economical and stable not dependent on agricultural raw material therefore
traditional raw material are being replaced by petrochemical products as:
(i) Leather footwear (Natural material) can be replaced by Plastic chappals and synthetic
footwear (Petrochemical Product).
(ii) Cloth and Jute bags (Natural material) can be replaced by Polythene bags
(Petrochemical Product).
Question 5: Mini steel plants cause less pollution than integrated steel plants.
Answer: Mini steel plants work through electric furnaces causing less pollution whereas
the integrated steel plant use blast furnace where cake coal are fed continuously to melt
the iron ore, causing huge pollution.
Answer: Vishakhapatnam has an important ship-building centre because there has been a
large area of level land, deep navigable water, cheap and technically skilled labour are
easily available.
Question 7: Give reason why the development of ship-building industry has been retarded
in India.
Answer: Due to shortage of Steel, machinery, equipment, skilled technical labour, proper
space and good harbour.
Question 9: The electronic industry has made an impact on both entertainment and
education.
Answer: Electronic industry with mass scale integration process has produced computers,
servers, displays, TVs and cameras, telephones exchanges etc., to enable capture and
broadcast news, advertisements, cinema, educational program etc., to large section of the
population over the country and overseas, thus revolutionising the life style of the Indian
masses.
Question 10: Give two geographical reasons for the growth of IT industries in Bangalore.
Question 11: Mention two reasons for the importance of the Electronic industry in India’s
development.
Question 12: Give reasons why tree plantation is essential in and around heavy industrial
areas.
Answer: Tree plantation is essential in and around heavy industrial area because these
are the major air polluted and noise-polluted areas, and tree reduces the level of pollution
and keep the balance of environment.
Differentiate
Answer:
Question 2: What is the difference between a public sector industry and one which is in
the private sector? Give an example of an industry in each of the two sectors.
Answer:
Public sector industries are owned and Private sector industries are owned and
controlled by the Central or State managed by private industrialists as joint
Governments e.g. iron and steel, aircraft, stock companies or proprietary concerns
petroleum refineries. e.g. cement, paper, textiles.
Answer: Some centres of Iron and Steel plants are at Jamshedpur, Bhadravati, Rourkela,
Bokaro and at Neyveli in South.
Question 2: Name the four centres of iron and Steel in the public sector which are located
in a single geographical region. With whose collaboration was each one of them set-up?
Or
Name the foreign collaborators of the following Iron and Steel plants:
Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur and Bokaro.
Question 3: Name the Steel projects in the public sector which were not set up with
foreign collaboration.
Answer: The Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant at Bhadravati in Karnataka and the Indian
Iron and Steel Company at Burnpur and Kulti in West Bengal.
Question 4: Name the international firm that has helped the Rourkela Steel Plant.
Answer: The Rourkela Steel Plant at Rourkela in northern Orissa has been developed with
the help of West German firm of Krupps and Demag.
Question 7: Name one iron-ore project in Tamil Nadu and one in Karnataka.
Answer: Salem Steel Plant in Tamil Nadu and Kudremukh iron-ore project in Karnataka.
Question 8: Name one Iron and Steel city from each of the four states:
(i) Jharkhand, (ii) Chhattisgarh,
(iii) Orissa, (iv) West Bengal.
Question 10: Name one important centre of production for each of the following:
(i) Diesel Locomotive (ii) Air Craft (iii) Ship building
Question 11: Name one important centre each for the production of the following:
(i) Tractors (ii) Electronic goods (iii) Petro chemicals.
Answer: Mumbai, Kolkata: (Entertainment) TV, BPL, Videocon, Onida, Philips, CD based
system, Car audio system etc.
Answer: Murshidabad.
Answer: Nasik.
Answer: Perambur.
Question 19: The foreign collaborator of the iron and steel plant at Durgapur.
Question 20: Give one important centre of production of each of the following:
(i) Integral Coach Factory (ICF)
(ii) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)
(iii) The Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT)
Question 21: Name two cities that have leading Software Companies.
Question 22: Name the steel plants that were set up with Russian collaboration.
Question 23: Name a manufacturing centre for each of the following industries:
(i) Engines for MIG aircraft (ii) Diesel locomotives
(iii) Software.