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E19___FM_Assignment___2024

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E19___FM_Assignment___2024

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S. NIRANJAN
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EE 357 (E/19 Batch) - Communication Systems

Assignment: Frequency Modulation


June 2024
Answer all (five) questions. Submission Deadline: 1 July 2024

Problem 1. An angle modulated signal is expressed as s(t) = 100 cos (2πfc t + 4 sin(2πfm t))
where the carrier frequency fc = 10, 000 kHz and fm = 1 kHz. (i) If s(t) is an FM signal, find
the modulation index (ii) Repeat (i) if fm = 2 kHz. (iii) Now assume that s(t) is a PM signal
and calculate the modulation index. (iv) If fm = 2 kHz, find the bandwidth of the PM signal.

Problem 2. A carrier wave is frequency modulated using a sinusoidal signal of frequency fm


and amplitude Am .
(i) Determine the values of the modulation index, β for which the carrier component of the FM
wave is reduced to zero. For this calculation you may use the values of J0 (β).
(ii) In a certain experiment conducted with fm = 1 kHz and increasing Am (starting from 0 V)
it is found that the carrier component of the FM wave is reduced to zero for the first time when
Am = 2 V. What is the frequency sensitivity of the modulator? What is the value of Am for
which the carrier component is reduced to zero for the second time?

Problem 3. The signal s1 (t) = 100 cos (2π2000t + 5 cos 20πt) is an angle modulated signal.
Find and sketch the amplitude and phase spectra of s1 (t). Now assume the angle modulated
signal s2 (t) = 100 cos (2π2000t + 5 sin 20πt). Find and sketch the amplitude and phase spectra
of s2 (t).

Problem 4. Figure 1 below shows the block diagram of a wideband frequency modulator using
the indirect method. The modulator is used to transmit audio signals containing frequencies in
the range of 100 Hz to 15 kHz. The narrowband phase modulator is supplied with a carrier
frequency f1 = 0.1 MHz by an crystal oscillator. Another crystal oscillator supplies a sinusoidal
wave frequency 9.5 MHz to the mixer. The system specifications are as follows: carrier frequency
at the output fc = 100 MHz. Minimum frequency deviation, ∆f = 75 kHz. Maximum modulation
index in the phase modulator = 0.3 radians.
(i) Calculate the frequency multiplication ratios, n1 and n2 which will satisfy these specifications.
(ii) Specify the values of the carrier frequency and frequency deviation at various points in the
modulator of Figure 1 .

Figure 1: Indirect frequency modulation.

1
Problem 5. A 100 MHz carrier wave is frequency modulated by a sine wave of amplitude 20 V
and frequency 100 kHz. The frequency sensitivity of the modulator is 25 kHz/V.
(i) Determine the approximate bandwidth of the FM signal using, Carson’s rule.
(ii) Determine the bandwidth by transmitting only those side-frequencies with amplitudes that
exceed 1% of the unmodulated carrier amplitude. Use the universal rule for this calculation.
(iii) Repeat your calculations assuming that the amplitude of the modulating wave is doubled.
(iv) Repeat your calculations assuming that the modulation frequency is doubled.

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