·
Chapter 1
Which of the following algorithms is
commonly used for anti-aliasing in computer
graphics?
· A) DDA Algorithm
B) Bresenham's Line Algorithm
C) Supersampling
D) Z-buffering
Answer: C
Supersampling is a technique used to reduce
aliasing by sampling multiple points within a
pixel and averaging the results.
· What is the primary function of a Z-buffer
in 3D rendering?
· A) To store color information of pixels
B) To manage texture coordinates
C) To keep track of depth information for
rendering scenes
D) To enhance lighting effects
Answer: C
The Z-buffer stores depth information to
determine which objects are in front of others
in a 3D scene.
· Which shading technique calculates the
color of a pixel based on the angle between
the light source and the surface normal?
· A) Flat shading
B) Gouraud shading
C) Phong shading
D) Cel shading
Answer: C
Phong shading provides a more realistic
rendering by calculating the color at each pixel
based on light reflection.
· In computer graphics, what does the term
"ray tracing" refer to?
· A) A technique for creating 2D images from
vector graphics
B) A rendering technique that simulates the
way light interacts with objects
C) A method for rasterizing vector images
D) An algorithm for generating textures
Answer: B
Ray tracing simulates the path of rays of light
to create realistic images with reflections and
shadows.
· What is the purpose of using Bézier curves
in computer graphics?
· A) To create bitmap images
B) To define smooth curves and shapes
mathematically
C) To enhance color depth in images
D) To perform rasterization
Answer: B
Bézier curves are used for creating smooth
curves that can be scaled without losing
quality.
· Which of the following is a common
application of shaders in modern graphics
programming?
· A) Storing image data in memory
B) Performing complex mathematical
calculations for rendering effects
C) Converting 3D models into 2D
representations
D) Managing user input in graphical
applications
Answer: B
Shaders are used to perform calculations that
determine the final appearance of pixels on
the screen.
· What is the primary difference between
vertex shaders and fragment shaders?
· A) Vertex shaders operate on pixel data,
while fragment shaders operate on vertex
data.
B) Vertex shaders process vertices, while
fragment shaders handle pixel colors.
C) Vertex shaders are used in 2D graphics,
while fragment shaders are used in 3D
graphics.
D) Vertex shaders are executed on the CPU,
while fragment shaders run on the GPU.
Answer: B
Vertex shaders manipulate vertex data, while
fragment shaders determine the color of
pixels.
· Which technique is used to create a
realistic representation of materials in 3D
rendering?
· A) Texture mapping
B) Rasterization
C) Vectorization
D) Aliasing
Answer: A
Texture mapping applies images to 3D
surfaces to give them a realistic appearance.
· In which scenario would you use a frame
buffer object (FBO)?
· A) For storing static textures only
B) For off-screen rendering and post-
processing effects
C) For managing user interface elements
D) For loading image files into memory
Answer: B
FBOs allow for rendering to textures that can
be used for effects like shadows or reflections.
· What does the term "bump mapping" refer
to in computer graphics?
· A) A technique to simulate surface
irregularities without increasing polygon count
B) A method to enhance color saturation in
images
C) An algorithm for creating shadows in 3D
scenes
D) A process for converting 2D images into 3D
models
Answer: A
Bump mapping simulates texture detail on
surfaces without adding more polygons.
· Which of the following describes a "normal
map"?
· A) A texture that defines surface colors only
B) A texture that stores normal vectors for
simulating surface detail
C) An image file format used for storing raster
graphics
D) A type of shader used for lighting
calculations
Answer: B
Normal maps are used to add detail to 3D
models by altering the way light interacts with
surfaces.
· In the context of computer graphics, what
does "LOD" stand for?
· A) Level of Detail
B) Line of Display
C) Light Optimization Design
D) Layered Object Design
Answer: A
Level of Detail refers to techniques that
reduce the complexity of 3D models based on
their distance from the viewer.
· What is the primary advantage of using
tessellation in 3D modeling?
· A) It reduces the overall file size of models.
B) It allows for dynamic adjustment of model
complexity based on distance from the
camera.
C) It enhances color depth in textures.
D) It simplifies animation processes.
Answer: B
Tessellation allows for more detailed models
when close to the camera and less detail when
far away.
· Which rendering technique uses a scene
graph to manage complex scenes efficiently?
· A) Rasterization
B) Ray tracing
C) Immediate mode rendering
D) Scene graph rendering
Answer: D
Scene graph rendering organizes and
manages the rendering of complex scenes by
using a hierarchical structure.
· What is "ambient occlusion" used for in
computer graphics?
· A) To simulate indirect lighting effects by
darkening areas that are less exposed to light.
B) To enhance texture quality on surfaces.
C) To create shadows based solely on direct
light sources.
D) To manage color gradients across surfaces.
Answer: A
Ambient occlusion adds realism by simulating
how light interacts with surfaces in a scene.
· Which API is known for providing low-level
access to graphics hardware and is designed
for high-performance applications?
· A) OpenGL
B) DirectX
C) Vulkan
D) WebGL
Answer: C
Vulkan provides developers with more control
over GPU resources and performance
optimizations.
· In computer animation, what does
"keyframing" refer to?
· A) The process of creating textures
B) The technique of defining important frames
to interpolate motion
C) The method used to render static images
D) The algorithm for calculating lighting
effects
Answer: B
Keyframing involves setting specific frames in
an animation to define motion between them.
· What is a primary benefit of using
procedural generation in graphics?
· A) It requires less memory than traditional
methods
B) It allows for infinite variations without
manual intervention
C) It simplifies texture mapping processes
D) It guarantees high-resolution outputs
Answer: B
Procedural generation creates content
algorithmically, allowing for diverse and
complex environments.
· Which term describes a graphical
representation that combines both raster
and vector elements?
· A) Hybrid graphics
B) Composite graphics
C) Rasterized vector
D) Vectorized raster
Answer: A
Hybrid graphics utilize both raster and vector
techniques to leverage the strengths of each.
· In what context would you typically utilize
GPU compute capabilities beyond traditional
rendering tasks?
· A) For managing user input
B) For performing complex simulations and
data processing
C) For creating simple 2D animations
D) For enhancing audio output quality
Answer: B
GPUs can handle parallel processing tasks,
making them suitable for simulations and
data-intensive computations.
Chapter 2
1.
What does computer graphics primarily
deal with?
2.
1. A) Audio processing
2. B) Drawing pictures on a computer screen
3. C) Text editing
4. D) Data storage
Answer: B
Explanation: Computer graphics focuses
on creating, manipulating, and displaying
visual images on screens, making it
essential for a wide range of applications,
from video games to simulations.
3.
Which of the following is an example of
raster graphics?
4.
1. A) Adobe Illustrator
2. B) Microsoft Paint
3. C) CorelDRAW
4. D) AutoCAD
Answer: B
Explanation: Microsoft Paint is a raster
graphics editor, which means it works with
images made up of pixels, as opposed to
vector graphics that are created using
paths.
5.
What is a pixel?
6.
1. A) A type of vector graphic
2. B) The smallest unit of a digital image
3. C) A color palette
4. D) A file format
Answer: B
Explanation: A pixel is the smallest unit of
a digital image, representing a single
point in the raster grid that makes up an
image.
7.
Which file format is typically associated
with raster graphics?
8.
1. A) SVG
2. B) PNG
3. C) EPS
4. D) PDF
Answer: B
Explanation: PNG (Portable Network
Graphics) is a common raster image
format that supports lossless compression
and transparency.
9.
What does the term "resolution" refer to
in computer graphics?
10.
1. A) The size of the file
2. B) The maximum number of pixels in an
image
3. C) The color depth of an image
4. D) The speed of rendering
Answer: B
Explanation: Resolution indicates the
amount of detail an image holds and is
defined by the maximum number of pixels
in the image.
Medium Questions
1.
What distinguishes vector graphics from
raster graphics?
2.
1. A) Vector graphics are made up of pixels.
2. B) Vector graphics use lines and curves
instead of pixels.
3. C) Raster graphics are more scalable than
vector graphics.
4. D) Vector graphics require more memory
than raster graphics.
Answer: B
Explanation: Vector graphics are created
using mathematical equations to define
shapes, allowing them to be scaled
without loss of quality, unlike raster
graphics.
3.
Which of the following is a benefit of
using vector graphics?
4.
1. A) They can be easily pixelated.
2. B) They are resolution-dependent.
3. C) They can be scaled without loss of
quality.
4. D) They take longer to render than raster
images.
Answer: C
Explanation: Vector graphics can be
resized infinitely without losing quality
because they are based on mathematical
formulas.
5.
In which decade did the first computer-
controlled oscilloscopes for graphing
signals emerge?
6.
1. A) 1940s
2. B) 1950s
3. C) 1960s
4. D) 1970s
Answer: B
Explanation: The 1950s saw significant
advancements in technology, including
the development of the first computer-
controlled oscilloscopes.
7.
What is the main purpose of computer-
aided design (CAD)?
8.
1. A) To create audio files
2. B) To manipulate 3D models and designs
3. C) To edit text documents
4. D) To develop video games
Answer: B
Explanation: CAD software is primarily
used for creating precise drawings and
models in engineering and design fields.
9.
What does the term "animation" refer to
in computer graphics?
10.
1. A) The process of creating still images.
2. B) The process of adjusting positions and
shapes over time.
3. C) The method of storing images in a file.
4. D) The technique for color correction in
images.
Answer: B
Explanation: Animation involves creating
the illusion of movement by displaying a
sequence of images that change over
time.
Complex Questions
1.
Which technology allows for high-
efficiency, cross-platform access to
modern GPUs?
2.
1. A) OpenGL-ES
2. B) Vulkan
3. C) DirectX
4. D) Metal
Answer: B
Explanation: Vulkan is a low-overhead
graphics API that provides high-
performance access to modern GPUs
across various platforms.
3.
What is texture mapping in computer
graphics?
4.
1. A) Applying color to 3D models based on
their geometry.
2. B) The process of creating vector images.
3. C) Adding surface detail to rendered
objects by modifying surface color on a
per-pixel basis.
4. D) Converting raster images into vector
formats.
Answer: C
Explanation: Texture mapping enhances
the visual detail of 3D models by applying
images (textures) to their surfaces.
5.
Which significant advancement in
computer graphics occurred during the
1990s?
6.
1. A) Introduction of color raster displays
2. B) Development of dynamic color raster
displays
3. C) Texture mapping in hardware and
OpenGL support
4. D) Emergence of pen plotters
Answer: C
Explanation: The 1990s saw the
introduction of hardware-accelerated
texture mapping and widespread support
for OpenGL, revolutionizing graphics
rendering.
7.
What role does visualization play in
computer graphics?
8.
1. A) It creates 3D models from 2D sketches.
2. B) It interprets model data to derive visual
representations for better understanding.
3. C) It animates objects within a scene.
4. D) It stores images in various formats.
Answer: B
Explanation: Visualization helps in
interpreting complex data by creating
clear and informative graphics that
enhance understanding.
9.
Which type of display technology uses
drawn lines rather than a grid of pixels?
10.
1. A) Raster displays
2. B) Vector displays
3. C) LCD displays
4. D) OLED displays
Answer: B
Explanation: Vector displays render
images using lines and curves, making
them resolution-independent and ideal for
certain applications.
Additional Questions (16-30)
1. What is the primary advantage of using
algorithms in vector graphics?
Answer:
Algorithms in vector graphics allow for
scalable, high-quality images that can be
manipulated mathematically without losing
detail.
1. How do modern computer graphic
packages typically combine raster and
vector techniques?
Answer:
They integrate raster graphics for detailed
imagery with vector graphics for scalability
and precision, enhancing overall visual quality.
1. What are Direct View Storage Tubes
(DVST)?
Answer:
DVSTs are early display technologies that
allowed for high-resolution graphics by directly
storing images on a phosphorescent screen.
1. Which film was notable for its use of
advanced computer graphics in the
1980s?
Answer:
"Tron" is often credited with pioneering
computer graphics in film, showcasing 3D
imagery and animations.
1. How does scaling affect raster images
compared to vector images?
Answer:
Scaling a raster image can lead to pixelation
and loss of quality, while vector images can be
resized without any loss of fidelity.
1. What is the significance of SIGGRAPH
conferences?
Answer:
SIGGRAPH conferences are vital for sharing
advancements in computer graphics and
interactive techniques, fostering innovation
and collaboration.
1. In what ways can computer graphics save
lives in medical fields?
Answer:
Computer graphics are used in imaging
techniques like MRI and CT scans, allowing for
better visualization of anatomical structures
for diagnosis and treatment planning.
1. What are some common applications for
scientific visualization?
Answer:
Scientific visualization is used in fields such as
climate modeling, molecular biology, and
physics to represent complex data sets
visually.
1. How do CAD systems contribute to
engineering and design?
Answer:
CAD systems facilitate precise design,
modeling, and simulation, improving the
efficiency and accuracy of engineering
projects.
1. What challenges exist when producing
realistic 3D scenes from 2D images?
Answer:
Challenges include depth perception, texture
mapping, and lighting accuracy, which are
crucial for creating lifelike representations.
1. Describe the impact of mobile platforms
on modern computer graphics.
Answer:
Mobile platforms have driven innovations in
graphics optimization, requiring efficient
rendering techniques and adaptive graphics
quality due to hardware limitations.
1. What is the difference between a bitmap
and a vector graphic?
Answer:
A bitmap is composed of pixels, making it
resolution-dependent, while a vector graphic
uses mathematical paths, allowing for
scalability without quality loss.
1. How has animation evolved with
advancements in technology?
Answer:
Advancements in technology have enabled
more realistic animations through improved
rendering techniques, motion capture, and
real-time graphics processing.
1. What are shaders, and how do they
enhance graphical rendering?
Answer:
Shaders are small programs that run on the
GPU to calculate rendering effects like lighting,
texture application, and shadowing, enhancing
visual realism.
1. Discuss the importance of graphical user
interfaces (GUIs).
Answer:
GUIs are essential for user interaction with
software, making complex functionalities
accessible through visual elements like
windows, buttons, and icons.
Chapter 3
1.
What does OpenGL stand for?
2.
1. A) Open Graphics Library
2. B) Open General Library
3. C) Open Graphics Language
4. D) Open General Language
Answer: A) Open Graphics Library
Explanation: OpenGL stands for Open
Graphics Library, which is a cross-platform
API for rendering 2D and 3D graphics.
3.
Which of the following is a primary
function of OpenGL?
4.
1. A) File management
2. B) Rendering 2D and 3D graphics
3. C) Data analysis
4. D) Network communication
Answer: B) Rendering 2D and 3D
graphics
Explanation: OpenGL is primarily used for
rendering 2D and 3D graphics, making it
essential in game development and visual
simulations.
5.
What is the prefix used for OpenGL
commands?
6.
1. A) op
2. B) gl
3. C) og
4. D) gp
Answer: B) gl
Explanation: OpenGL commands typically
use the prefix "gl" to distinguish them
from other functions.
7.
Which library provides modeling features
in OpenGL?
8.
1. A) GLX
2. B) GLUT
3. C) GLU
4. D) GLEW
Answer: C) GLU
Explanation: GLU (OpenGL Utility Library)
provides additional modeling features and
helper functions for OpenGL.
9.
What type of transformations does
OpenGL primarily handle?
10.
1. A) Data transformations
2. B) 3D transformations
3. C) Text transformations
4. D) Network transformations
Answer: B) 3D transformations
Explanation: OpenGL primarily deals with
3D transformations to manipulate objects
in 3D space.
Medium Questions
1.
What is the purpose of the OpenGL
rendering pipeline?
2.
1. A) To manage memory allocation
2. B) To process geometric and pixel data for
rendering
3. C) To handle user input
4. D) To optimize network connections
Answer: B) To process geometric and
pixel data for rendering
Explanation: The rendering pipeline is
responsible for processing all the data
necessary to create images from
geometric representations.
3.
In which stage of the rendering process
are vertices converted into primitives?
4.
1. A) Rasterization
2. B) Per-Vertex Operations
3. C) Pixel Operations
4. D) Fragment Operations
Answer: B) Per-Vertex Operations
Explanation: During the Per-Vertex
Operations stage, vertices are processed
and converted into geometric primitives
like triangles.
5.
What does rasterization convert?
6.
1. A) Geometric and pixel data into
fragments
2. B) Fragments into textures
3. C) Textures into pixels
4. D) Pixels into colors
Answer: A) Geometric and pixel data
into fragments
Explanation: Rasterization is the process
of converting geometric data into
fragments that can be processed for
display.
7.
Which operation is performed to
eliminate portions of geometry outside a
defined half-space?
8.
1. A) Clipping
2. B) Texturing
3. C) Rasterization
4. D) Fragmentation
Answer: A) Clipping
Explanation: Clipping is used to remove
parts of the geometry that lie outside of a
defined viewing area or half-space.
9.
The transformation matrix that combines
model, view, and projection
transformations is called:
10.
1. A) MVP Matrix
2. B) Transformation Matrix
3. C) Projection Matrix
4. D) View Matrix
Answer: A) MVP Matrix
Explanation: The MVP (Model-View-
Projection) Matrix combines
transformations to manipulate objects in
3D space for rendering.
Hard Questions
1.
What does GLU stand for in the context
of OpenGL?
2.
1. A) Graphics Library Utility
2. B) General Library Utilities
3. C) Open Graphics Utility
4. D) OpenGL Utility Library
Answer: D) OpenGL Utility Library
Explanation: GLU stands for OpenGL
Utility Library, which provides additional
utility functions to support OpenGL
applications.
3.
Which of the following describes how a
synthetic camera model behaves in
computer graphics?
4.
1. A) It inverts the image.
2. B) It places the film plane behind the lens.
3. C) It mimics real camera behavior without
inversion.
4. D) It uses physical film for capturing
images.
Answer: C) It mimics real camera
behavior without inversion.
Explanation: A synthetic camera model
simulates the behavior of a real camera,
including aspects like perspective and
depth, without inverting the image.
5.
In the context of OpenGL, what are
evaluators used for?
6.
1. A) To define color models.
2. B) To derive vertices from control points.
3. C) To manage memory allocation.
4. D) To enhance lighting effects.
Answer: B) To derive vertices from
control points.
Explanation: Evaluators in OpenGL are
used to generate vertices based on
control points, facilitating the creation of
curves and surfaces.
7.
The depth buffer in fragment operations
is primarily used for:
8.
1. A) Texture mapping.
2. B) Hidden-surface removal.
3. C) Color blending.
4. D) Pixel scaling.
Answer: B) Hidden-surface removal.
Explanation: The depth buffer is used to
manage depth information for pixels,
allowing OpenGL to determine which
surfaces are visible and which are hidden
behind others.
9.
Which library extends the functionality of
window systems to support OpenGL
rendering?
10.
1. A) GLUT
2. B) GLX
3. C) GLU
4. D) GLEW
Answer: B) GLX
Explanation: GLX (OpenGL Extension to
the X Window System) enables OpenGL to
render graphics in X Window
environments.
Advanced Questions
1.
How does OpenGL handle multiple
rendering contexts?
2.
1. A) Through single-threaded rendering.
2. B) By using display lists.
3. C) By creating separate contexts for each
window.
4. D) Through shared resources.
Answer: C) By creating separate
contexts for each window.
Explanation: OpenGL manages multiple
rendering contexts by creating a distinct
context for each window, allowing for
independent rendering.
3.
What is the main advantage of using
display lists in OpenGL?
4.
1. A) They reduce memory usage.
2. B) They improve performance by pre-
compiling commands.
3. C) They allow dynamic rendering.
4. D) They simplify user input handling.
Answer: B) They improve
performance by pre-compiling
commands.
Explanation: Display lists allow OpenGL to
store sequences of OpenGL commands for
efficient execution, enhancing rendering
performance.
5.
In which stage do fog calculations occur
during fragment operations?
6.
1. A) Before texturing.
2. B) After depth-buffer testing.
3. C) During rasterization.
4. D) After pixel unpacking.
Answer: B) After depth-buffer
testing.
Explanation: Fog calculations are typically
performed after depth-buffer testing to
apply fog effects based on the visibility of
fragments.
7.
How are texture coordinates typically
generated in OpenGL?
8.
1. A) Automatically by the GPU.
2. B) Manually defined by the programmer.
3. C) Derived from vertex normals.
4. D) Calculated from fragment colors.
Answer: B) Manually defined by the
programmer.
Explanation: Texture coordinates are
usually defined manually by the
programmer to map textures correctly
onto 3D models.
9.
The process of converting output
primitives into framebuffer updates is
known as:
10.
1. A) Rasterization
2. B) Scan Conversion
3. C) Fragmentation
4. D) Clipping
Answer: A) Rasterization
Explanation: Rasterization converts the
output primitives into pixel data that can
be written to the framebuffer, creating the
final image displayed on the screen.
