Download Full The Spy Game 1st Edition Lionel Pender PDF All Chapters
Download Full The Spy Game 1st Edition Lionel Pender PDF All Chapters
Download Full The Spy Game 1st Edition Lionel Pender PDF All Chapters
com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-spy-game-1st-edition-
lionel-pender/
OR CLICK BUTTON
DOWNLOAD NOW
https://ebookmeta.com/product/to-serve-and-protect-the-history-of-
policing-1st-edition-lionel-pender/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-spy-whisperer-1st-edition-matthew-
dunn/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-gentlewoman-spy-1st-edition-adele-
jordan/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-patient-gloria-1st-edition-gina-
moxley/
ebookmeta.com
Cloud Computing Master Cloud Computing Concepts
Architecture and Applications with Real world examples and
Case studies 1st Edition Kamal Kant Hiran
https://ebookmeta.com/product/cloud-computing-master-cloud-computing-
concepts-architecture-and-applications-with-real-world-examples-and-
case-studies-1st-edition-kamal-kant-hiran/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/shooting-to-win-pierson-u-2-1st-edition-
elouise-tynan/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/atomic-days-the-untold-story-of-the-
most-toxic-place-in-america-1st-edition-joshua-frank/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/have-a-foxy-christmas-1st-edition-
catherine-lievens/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-killing-parade-1st-edition-tg-reid/
ebookmeta.com
THE SPY GAME
INTERNATIONAL AND
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
Published in 2017 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with The Rosen Publishing Group,
Inc.
29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010
Rosen Publishing materials copyright © 2017 The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. All
rights reserved.
First Edition
Rosen Publishing
Lionel Pender: Editor
Nelson Sá: Art Director
Brian Garvey: Designer
Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager
Bruce Donnola: Photo Researcher
Introduction and conclusion by Michael Ray.
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE
NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE
LEVELS OF INTELLIGENCE
TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
THE PROBLEM OF MOLES
SOURCES OF INTELLIGENCE
METHODS OF INTELLIGENCE GATHERING
CHAPTER TWO
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES
PREMODERN INTELLIGENCE
SUNZI AND THE ART OF WAR
INTELLIGENCE AND THE RISE OF NATIONALISM
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM, THE QUEEN’S
“SPYMASTER”
INTELLIGENCE IN THE MODERN ERA
THE ZIMMERMANN NOTE
CHAPTER THREE
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
UNITED STATES
NATIONAL SECURITY ACT
RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION
UNITED KINGDOM
FRANCE
CHINA
ISRAEL
GERMANY
OTHER NOTABLE INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
CHAPTER FOUR
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
LEVELS OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
SOURCES OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
ACOUSTICS
IMAGERY
SIGNALS
RADIATION
FOREIGN MATÉRIEL
HUMAN AGENTS
WHISTLE-BLOWERS IN THE MILITARY
TYPES OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
ARMED FORCES
BIOGRAPHICAL
CARTOGRAPHIC
ECONOMIC
ENERGY
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
GEOGRAPHIC
MEDICAL
SOCIOLOGICAL
TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION
CONCLUSION
TIMELINE
GLOSSARY
FOR MORE INFORMATION
FOR FURTHER READING
INDEX
INTRODUCTION
L
eaders of all kinds seek to obtain intelligence, or secret
information, to achieve an advantage over their opponents.
Heads of government, presidents of companies, and even
managers of sports teams try to acquire information that
would give them insight into the intentions or weaknesses of their
adversaries. In this book, we will examine the development of
intelligence gathering as a discipline and the growth of national
intelligence agencies around the world.
Any discussion of spies naturally conjures images of James Bond
and clandestine operations conducted with high-tech gadgets. Field
agents certainly do have a role in the gathering of intelligence,
although few would likely aspire to a job as action-packed as 007’s.
The life of a clandestine agent is fraught with danger, as evidenced
by the Memorial Wall at the original headquarters building of the US
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Langley, Virginia. The wall is
covered with scores of stars, one for each agent who lost his or her
life in the line of duty. While many of the agents’ names are listed in
a “book of honor” that accompanies the memorial, some names
remain secret to this day.
Risk has always accompanied the job of the field agent. During
the American Revolution, American officer Nathan Hale was
executed by the British as a spy, while British officer John André was
executed by the Americans. The inherent danger of intelligence
gathering prompted countries and their militaries to develop
strategies that—in theory—would minimize the possibility of harm to
their own assets while maintaining a watchful eye on their enemies.
Technology has come to play an enormous role in these efforts. The
Space Race saw the United States and the Soviet Union jockeying for
orbital advantage, with satellites offering a real-time glimpse of
events on the ground. No longer would analysts be forced to wait for
sensitive sites to be photographed by spies on the ground or
glimpsed by reconnaissance aircraft—a camera thousands of miles
above Earth could deliver crisp images of actions as they transpired.
While the thought of spies often brings to mind the action-packed scenes of
Hollywood movies, in reality intelligence gathering often occurs behind closed
doors in agency headquarters.
This sort of tactical data can be invaluable, but even the best raw
intelligence is worthless without informed analysis. A pair of US
Army Signal Corps radar operators detected the first wave of
Japanese bombers approaching Pearl Harbor nearly an hour before
the attack began on the morning of December 7, 1941. They notified
their information center, but the officer on duty disregarded the
warning, believing the planes to be a squadron of American bombers
approaching from the mainland. The proliferation of computer
technology has certainly aided in the handling and analysis of
intelligence, with the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA) going so far as to propose an initiative titled “Total
Information Awareness.” The goal of the program was to create an
all-encompassing surveillance network, with computers performing
threat analysis on all electronic communication and digital traffic.
The program was officially discontinued after a flurry of media
criticism, but many elements of it were preserved by the National
Security Agency (NSA). For a time the NSA, jokingly referred to as
“No Such Agency” because of the intense secrecy surrounding its
operations, reportedly intercepted billions of emails, data
transmissions, and phone records every day. With this staggering
volume of data streaming in around the clock, one is forced to
consider if there could be such a thing as too much intelligence.
CHAPTER ONE
NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE
ntelligence, in government and military operations, is evaluated
information about the strength, activities, and probable courses of
I
action of foreign countries or non-state actors that are usually
—although not always—enemies. The term is also used to refer
to the collection, analysis, and distribution of such information
and also to secret intervention in the political affairs of other
countries, an activity commonly known as “covert action.”
Intelligence is an important component of national power and an
essential element in decision making regarding national security,
defense, and foreign policies.
LEVELS OF INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence is conducted on three levels: strategic (sometimes called
national), tactical, and counterintelligence. The broadest of these
levels is strategic intelligence. Strategic intelligence includes
information about what foreign countries have the capability to do
and their general intentions. Tactical intelligence (which is
sometimes called operational or combat intelligence) is information
required by military field commanders. Because of the destructive
power of modern weapons, the decision making of world leaders
must often consider information derived from tactical as well as
strategic intelligence. Military commanders, too, may often need
multiple levels of intelligence. As a result, the distinction between
these two types of intelligence may be diminishing.
Counterintelligence is intelligence aimed at protecting a country’s
intelligence operations and keeping them secret. Its purpose is to
prevent spies or other foreign agents from infiltrating the country’s
government, military, or intelligence agencies. Counterintelligence is
also concerned with protecting advanced technology, preventing
terrorism, and combating international drug trafficking.
Counterintelligence operations sometimes produce positive
intelligence, including information about other countries’ intelligence-
gathering tools and techniques and about the kinds of intelligence
other countries are seeking. Counterintelligence sometimes involves
the use of “moles,” or double agents, to manipulate an adversary’s
intelligence services. In authoritarian states (where a single power
holder, such as a dictator or military group, controls all aspects of
the government), counterintelligence commonly entails the
surveillance of key elites and the repression of dissent.
Governments often use their intelligence agencies to carry out
covert actions to support diplomatic initiatives or to achieve goals
unattainable by diplomatic means alone. The US Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA), for example, organized the overthrow of the
government of Guatemala by military coup in 1954. It also helped to
undermine the government of President Salvador Allende of Chile
prior to the military coup there in 1973. More recently, US covert
actions have included providing military and financial support to the
mujahideen—Islamic fundamentalists who fought Soviet troops in
Afghanistan during the 1980s—and aiding US and British military
forces in their campaign against Afghanistan’s Taliban government in
2001. Earlier in the twentieth century, the intelligence services of the
Soviet Union assassinated exiled political figures such as Leon
Trotsky and supported Marxist-Leninist organizations throughout the
world.
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
»Mutta miksi? Sinuthan voidaan tappaa».
»Miksi»?
RAKKAUDEN IDYLLI.
Tämä päivä oli kenties hauskin, mitä nuo nuoret olivat milloinkaan
keskenään viettäneet. Ilonka unhotti kaiken varovaisuuden ja uhmasi
äidin kaikkein synkimpiäkin katseita antautuen valoisten unelmiensa
suoman onnen valtaan. Kuten lapsi, joka leikkii aivan uudenaikaisen
ja mieltäkiinnittävän lelun kanssa ymmärtämättä ollenkaan sen
haurautta ja muistamatta sen olevan tehdyn vain hetken iloksi, leikki
Ilonkakin tämän uuden tunteen kanssa, jonka nuoren kauniin
upseerin tuliset sanat olivat sytyttäneet hänen sydämeensä.
»Minuunko, äiti»?
»Ah, äiti»!
»Äiti»!
Pieni tyttö raukka, hän oli niin katuva ja surullinen. Hän tiesi kyllä
olevansa hieman syyllinen, mutta hän oli huvitellut niin äärettömästi
tänään. Pari suurta kyyneltä oli jo valahtanut hänen poskilleen, sillä
äiti teki torumisillaan hänet aina onnettomaksi.
Ja äiti aloitti tuon vanhan läksyn, kuinka nuoren jalon tytön pitää
käyttäytyä, kuinka hän ei milloinkaan saa sallia kenenkään nuoren
miehen, ei enemmän toisen kuin toisenkaan, osoittaa
huomaavaisuutta, elleivät hänen vanhempansa ole jo ennakolta
luvanneet hänen tehdä niin, ja kuinka sellainen käyttäytyminen kuin
llonkan tämäniltainen oli epäneitseellistä. Äiti uhkasi, että jollei Ilonka
korjaa erehdystään seuraavana päivänä, saa hän viettää lopun
ajasta, jonka vieraat vielä viipyvät talossa, omissa huoneissaan
yksinään.
UHKAAVA MYRSKY.
»Hän joi varmasti liian paljon äitinne antamaa viiniä ennen työhön
lähtemistään sinä aamuna», sanoi András koettaen nauraa. Mutta
hänen naurunsa kuulosti väkinäiseltä ja luonnottomalta. Kaikki isä
Ambrosiuksen opetukset eivät olleet voineet karkoittaa kokonaan
tuota talonpojille niin ominaista taikauskoisuutta hänen aivoistaan, ja
vaikka András koettikin olla katsomatta Bideskuty’yn päin, kääntyivät
hänen silmänsä kumminkin vaistomaisesti hedelmällisten peltojen ja
hiekkatasankojen yli tuohon mustaan savupatsaaseen, jonka hän
tiesi kohoavan Bideskuty’n uuden myllyn piipusta.