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Values and Datatypes(notes)

just some notes

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12 views

Values and Datatypes(notes)

just some notes

Uploaded by

discodiscostuck
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter – 3.

Values and Types

1. ASCII value of alphabets :

A–Z 65 – 90
a–z 97 – 122
blank space 32

2. What are escape sequences?

These are some non-graphic characters which are used as commands to direct the cursor
while printing.

eg : \ t – to leave a tab space horizontally

\ n – to start a new line

\ \ – to print backslash

\ ‟ – to print single quote

\ ” – to print double quote

3. What are Tokens? Explain briefly.

A token is defined as each individual component of a java program. The various types of
tokens are:

(i) Literals
(ii) Identifiers
(iii) Assignments
(iv) Punctuators
(v) Separators
(vi) Operators
(vii) Keywords

(i) Literals – These are constants which remain fixed throughout the execution of the program.
Types of literals are :

a) Integer literal – numbers without decimal point. eg: 14, 5


b) Real literal – numbers with decimal point. eg: 14.5, 5.6
c) Character literal – Single character enclosed within single quotes. eg: „a‟, „8‟, „$‟
d) String literal – Single character or a group of characters enclosed within double quotes.
eg: “abc”, “345”, “$”
e) Boolean literal – Special literals which are represented by true or false. They are never
enclosed within quotes. eg: true, false
f) Null literal – it is represented as null, and is used to initialise an object or reference
variable.

(ii) Identifiers - These are used to represent a function name, class name or a variable. A variable
is represented by its data type.

int a = 10 Literal
Assignment operator
Identifier

Data type

(iii) Assignment - refers to storing a value in a variables using „ = ‟ symbol. Here, the symbol „ = ‟
acts as an assignment operator.

(iv) Punctuators – They are the punctuation signs used as special characters in java.

eg - ? . ;

(v) Separators – They are the special characters in java which are used to separate the variables
or the characters.

eg - , [ ] { } ( )

(vi) Operators – These are the symbols or signs used to specify the operations to be performed in
a java expression or statement.

eg – Arithmetical operators – + , - , / , *

Relational operators – < , > , == , !=

Logical operators – && , || , !

(vii) Keywords – They are reserved words that carry special meaning for the system compiler.

eg – class, public

4. What is a data type ?

Data types are the types of data assigned to a variable for storage, to ensure optimum
utilisation of memory space.

eg – int, char
5. Difference between Primitive and Non-primitive data types ?

Primitive Non-primitive
1. These are built-in data types 1. These are collection of primitive
data types
2. These are independent 2. These are dependent on primitive
data types
3. eg – int, char, double 3. eg – class, array, interface

6. Memory allocation of data types.

Data type In Bits In Bytes


byte 8 1
short 16 2
int 32 4
long 64 8
float 32 4
double 64 8
char 16 2
String > 16 >2

7. Difference between Declaration and Initialization ?

Declaration Initialization
1. declares the type of a variable 1. assigns or stores a specific value
to a variable
2. eg – int a; 2. eg – a = 5;

8. Difference between Static initialization and Dynamic initialization ?

Static initialization Dynamic initialization


1. A value is directly stored into 1. A variable is initialised during run
a variable time
2. eg – a = 10 ; 2. eg – c=a+b;

9. Difference between Arithmetic expression and Arithmetic statement ?

Arithmetic expression Arithmetic statement


1. A set of variables, constants 1. An arithmetic expression assigned
and arithmetic operators to a variable
2. eg – a*b+8 2. eg – m=a*b+8;
10. Difference between Pure expression and Impure expression ?

Pure expression Impure expression


1. where all the variables and 1. where the variables and constants
constants are of the same data are of different data type
type
2. eg – int a + int b 2. eg – int a + double b

11. What is Type Conversion ? Explain the two types of conversion with example.

(Refer to the solved Q&A in the text book exercise)

______________________

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