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PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE

Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

Computer (2210) SR-II (RED)

Final Term
UNIT Topic
Programming: 4.1: Logical tests and choice
It all adds up 4.2: Add up a total
4.3: Conditional loop
4.4: A class project
4.5: Extend the project
4.6: Readable and user friendly
Multimedia: 5.1: Plan a podcast
Make a podcast 5.2: Digital audio recording
5.3: Record your podcast
5.4: Finish your podcast
5.5: Share your podcast
5.6: Improve your podcast
Numbers and data: 6.1: Collect product data
Business data table 6.2: Records and fields
6.3: Data type and formats
6.4: Calculations
6.5: Show bad data
6.6: Block bad input

Criteria:
 Brain storming / Mind-Map
 MCQs
 Q/ans
 Activities
 Worksheets
 Assessment

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 Index
S# Date Topic T.S P.S
Syllabus
Mind Map of Programming
Chap 4.1: Worksheet
Chap 4.1: Q/Ans 1 to 4
Cap 4.1: Activity
Chap 4.2: Worksheet
Chap 4.2: Q/Ans
Cap 4.2: Activity
Chap 4.3: Q/Ans
Cap 4.3: Activity
Chap 4.4: Q/Ans
Cap 4.4: Activity
Chap 4.5: Q/Ans
Chap 4.6: Q/Ans
Class Test

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4 of 34
OBJECTIVES:
 How to use conditional (if) structures in Python
 How to make Python programs with loop
 How to find and fix errors in programs
 How to make your programs user friendly and readable.

Mind Map
Logical test
A logical test in Python
Conditional structure: Programming involves evaluating an
expression that returns
A conditional structure is either True or False.
typically represented using.
If, elif & else

Comparison Operators: Loop:

o = = : Equal to Loops are used to repeat a block
o != : Not equal to of code multiple times. Python
o : Greater than provides two types of loops:
o < : Less than
o >= : Greater than or equal to for & while
o <= : Less than or equal to

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4.1 Logical tests and choice

PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE

Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

SR-I (RED)
Worksheet # 01
Date: Name:

Topic: Programming:
Subject: COMPUTER (2210)
Logical Test and choice

Multiple choice questions (MCQs).

1) A logical test usually compares ______ value

a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four

2) In scratch, the relational operators are ________ blocks.

a) Red b) Blue c) Green d) Purple

3) In Python, != operators means ___________________

a) Equal a) Not equal b) Less than c) Greater than

4) Logical test will not be run, if ____ symbol is not inserted.

a) ; b) : c) “” d) ( )

5) Conditional structure is called _____ structure.

a) If b) Else c) For d) While

e) f) g) h)

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4.1 Logical tests and choice
1. Here are some logical tests using Python relational operators. Which are True and
which are False?
a. 4 = =5-1
b. 55>= 11 5
c. 22 != 23-1
A. Evaluations:

a. 4 == 5 - 1
o 5 - 1 is 4, so the expression is 4 == 4.
o This is True.
b. 55 >= 11 5
o 11 5 is 55, so the expression is 55 >= 55.
o This is True.
c. 22 != 23 - 1
o 23 - 1 is 22, so the expression is 22 != 22.
o This is False because 22 is equal to 22.

2. Here is a Python program.

a. The user entered the letter ‘X’. What is the output of the program?
A. If the user entered the letter 'X' as input, the program will execute the ‘if’ condition and
print "remember to log off".
b. What other output can there be from this program? When will you see this
output?
A. When the user inputs anything other than X, the output will be, "you can make
another menu choice"

Activity
Make a Python program that uses if…… else statement.

Hint:

Select ‘1’ to continue

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4.2 Add
Press any other key toup
exit a total

PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE

Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

SR-I (RED)
Worksheet # ____
Date: Name:

Topic: Programming:
Subject: COMPUTER (2210)
Add up a total

Write a Python program to match the given scratch program.

total = 0

total = total + 1

print(total)

total = 0

number = input (“Enter a number ”)

number = int(number)

total = total + number

print(total)

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4.2 Add up a total
1. What does ‘exit condition’ mean?
A. An "exit condition" is a specific criterion or set of criteria that must be met for a
process, loop, or function to terminate or complete. It's commonly used in
programming, project management, and decision-making scenarios to define when an
operation or activity should end.
2. What are the two types of loop?
A. The two main types of loops are:
a. A counter loop (for):
A counter loop is also called a fixed loop; it repeats a set number of times then stop.
b. A conditional loop(while):
It is also called condition-controlled loop, it is controlled by a logical test.
3. Write a first line of Python loop that repeats 100 times.
A. The first line of a Python loop that repeats 100 times is:
for i in range(100):
4. A Python program includes a variable called ‘points’. Write the command to
increase points by 10.
A. point = 0
point = point +10
print(point)

Activity

Write a Python code of given planned action.

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4.3 Conditonal loop
1. What is conditional loop?
A. A conditional loop is a loop that continues to execute as long as a specified condition
remains true. The loop will keep running until the condition evaluates to false. Common
examples of conditional loops include the while and do-while loops.
Example:
x=0
while x < 5: # Conditional loop: runs while x is less than 5
print(x)
x += 1
2. In your own words, explain when to use a conditional loop in your program.
A. A conditional loop is used when you want a program to keep repeating a set of actions until a
certain condition is met. It’s best for scenarios where you don’t know the exact number of
repetitions needed beforehand.

3. Here is a line from a Python program. What value of the variable ‘username’ will
cause the loop to stop?
while username!= “x”:
A. The loop will stop when the value of the variable `username` is set to "x". When `username`
equals "x", the condition `username != "x"` becomes false, causing the loop to terminate.

4. Here is a Python program. It has an error in it. Explain what the error is?
print(“Start program”)
while username!= “x”:
username = input(“enter your name :”)
print(“hello”, username)
A. The error in the program is that the variable username is used in the while loop condition
before it is initialized. If username has not been assigned a value before the loop starts, it will
result in a NameError because Python won't recognize username.

5. Write the program without error.

print(“Start program”)
username = “ ”
while username!= “x”:
username = input(“enter your name :”)
print(“hello”, username)

Make the Python program that adds each number that user enters to
Activity the total until the user enters value smaller than 0.

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4.4 A class prject
1. Syntax errors stop the computer from translating the program. What does
‘translating the program’ mean?
A. "Translating the program" means changing the code you write into a form the computer can
understand and run. Syntax errors stop this process because the code doesn't follow the rules
of the programming language, so the computer can't understand it.

2. Name one place in a Python program where you must include a colon.
A. There are several Python commands end with a colon (:). For example, you must put a colon
at the end of a while loop to indicate that the code below it belongs to the loop.

while x <5:
print(x)
x += 1

3. Text colour can help you find errors in your Python programs. Give one example.

A. This error message says ‘expected an indented block’. That helps to understand what was
wrong with the program.

4. In your own words, explain the difference between a single equal sign and a
double equals sign in Python.
A. SINGLE EQUAL SIGN
A single equal sign (`=`) is used to assign a value to a variable, like `x = 5`.
DOUBLE EQUAL SIGN
A double equal sign (`==`) is used to compare two values to see if they are equal, like `x ==
5`, which checks if `x` is equal to `5`.

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4.5 Extend the prject
1. Why is it harder for a programmer to spot a logical error than a syntax error?
A. It's harder to spot a logical error than a syntax error because syntax errors stop the program
and show an error message, making them easy to find. In contrast, logical errors let the
programs run but produce incorrect results, so the programmer has to carefully check the
logic and output to identify the mistake.

2. Look at the addition program you made. What would happen if the line
total = 0 were included inside the loop?
A. If the line `total = 0` is placed inside the loop, the total would reset to `0` every time the loop
runs. This means it wouldn't keep adding up the numbers; instead, it would only show the last
number added after the loop ends. For example, if you loop from `0` to `4`, it would only
show `4` instead of the total `10`.

3. Write a Python program that adds together fie numbers input by the user.
A. Python program that adds together five numbers input by the user:

total = 0
number = input("Enter number: ")
number = int(number)
while number !=99:
number = input("Enter number: ")
number = int(number)
total = total + number
print("The total sum is:", total)

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4.6 Readable and user friendly

1. Say one way that Scratch is more user friendly than Python.
A. One way Scratch is more user-friendly than Python is its block-based interface, which allows
users to build programs by snapping together visual code blocks, eliminating the need to
remember complex syntax or indentation rules. This makes it easier, especially for beginners
and young learners, to understand programming logic without worrying about errors in typing
code.

2. Hayley wrote a command to print a variable. How can she change the print
command to make it more users friendly?
A. Let suppose, if Hayley uses a command to print a variable “total” as:
print(total)
So she can make it as user friendly and understandable by using the strings before “total”
print(“The total of given input is :”,total)

3. Why do well-chosen variable names make your programs more readable?

A. Well-chosen variable names make programs more readable because they clearly describe
what the variable is used for, making it easier to understand the purpose of the code without
needing extra explanation.

4. Explain how adding comments to a program might help you next time you work
on the program.
A. Adding comments to a program helps by explaining what the code does in simple language.
This makes it easier to remember your thought process and understand the code when you
come back to it later, saving time and reducing confusion.

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Activity

Make a Python Program to check passcodes. The program asks you to input
your pass code and tells you whether it is correct or wrong.
Set the value of a correct passcode in strings, such as:
123456 858452 00000
 Extend the program with as “if” structure:
 If the user enters the correct passcode, the program output the message “login
successful” otherwise shows “login failed. Try again”
 Repeat the loop when the passcode is wrong. Using “while” loop.

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4 Class Test

1. What are the two types of loop?

2. What does ‘exit condition’ mean?
6. What is conditional loop?
5. What does ‘translating the program’ mean?
6. Write the difference between Syntax and Logical error.
7. In your own words, explain the difference between a single equal sign and a
double equal sign in Python.
4. Why is it harder for a programmer to spot a logical error than a syntax error?
5. Explain any one way that Scratch is more user friendly than Python.
6. Why do well-chosen variable names make your programs more readable?
7. Explain how adding comments to a program might help you next time you work
on the program.
8. Write the functions of IF structure.
9. What is the importance of (:)colon, in programing language.
10.Why do programmers use comments in a program.

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OBJECTIVES:
 How to use Digital Audio Workstations (DAW)
 How to make A segment of audio or video content used in editing
 How to create recording setup that allows multiple audio tracks to be
recorded or played back simultaneously
 What is stream?

Clip: A segment of audio Mind Map

or video content used in Track:
editing.
A container for
Podcast:
Multimedia audio, used to keep
different sources
A digital audio file separate
available on the internet
for downloading or
streaming.
Looped Playback:
The continuous repetition of a
Parameters: segment of audio or video.
Variables or settings that Stream:
define the characteristics or
To transmit or receive data
behavior of a function or
(especially audio or video) over a
system.
network as a continuous flow.
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5.1 plan a podcast
PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE
Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

SR-I (RED)
Worksheet # ___
Date: Name:

Topic: Multimedia:
Subject: COMPUTER (2210)
plan a podcast

Multiple choice questions (MCQs).

1) What is the primary goal of defining your podcast's purpose?

a) Audience b) Content c) Equipment d) Schedule

2) Identifying your target __________ helps tailor your podcast content.

a) Topic b) Format c) Audience d) Length

3) Which aspect involves choosing between solo, interview, or panel styles?

a) Research d) Format e) Editing f) Promotion

4) Gathering accurate information pertains to which planning step?

a) Research b) Recording c) Publishing d) Engagement

5) Preparing a script or bullet points aids in maintaining __________.

a) Equipment b) Focus c) Feedback d) Consistency

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5.1 plan a podcast
1. What do the letters "DAW" stands for?
A. DAW stands for Digital Audio Workstation.
2. Explain the function of DAW.
A. A DAW is software that allows users to record, edit, and produce audio files. It serves
as the central hub of an audio studio setup, enabling the layering of instruments,
manipulation of sounds, and mixing of tracks to create cohesive audio projects.
3. Put these stages of planning in the correct order: script, aim, and outline.
A. The correct order is:
Aim: Define the purpose and objectives of your podcast.
Outline: Create a structured plan detailing the main topics and flow of the episode.
Script: Develop a detailed script or notes to guide the recording.
4. Explain the difference between an outline and a script for a podcast.
A. An outline is a structured framework that lists the main topics and points to be covered
in a podcast episode. It serves as a roadmap, ensuring a logical flow and that all key
subjects are addressed. An outline provides flexibility, allowing the host to speak more
spontaneously while staying on track.
A script, on the other hand, is a detailed document that includes the exact dialogue or
specific wording intended for the podcast. It is more comprehensive than an outline
and is used when precise language is crucial, such as in storytelling or delivering
complex information. While a script ensures consistency and thoroughness, it may
result in a less conversational tone if read verbatim
5. Give an example of a constraint on your plans for a podcast.
A. One common constraint in podcast planning is time limitations. This includes the
availability of the host and guests for recording sessions, as well as the time required
for editing and post-production. Balancing these time constraints with the goal of
producing high-quality content can be challenging and requires effective time
management and planning..

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5.2 Digital audion recording
A. What does the waveform illustrate in a DAW?
A. In a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW), the waveform visually represents the audio
signal's amplitude over time. This visualization allows you to see the structure of the
audio, including peaks, troughs, and silence, facilitating precise editing tasks such as
cutting, copying, and pasting sections of audio. The waveform display is essential for
detailed audio editing and arrangement.
B. How does an input level meter help you record audio?
A. An input level meter displays the amplitude of incoming audio signals, allowing you to
monitor and adjust recording levels in real-time. By observing the meter, you can
ensure that the audio signal is neither too low (which could introduce noise) nor too
high (which could cause clipping and distortion). Proper use of the input level meter
helps maintain optimal audio quality during recording.
C. Explain the difference between an audio track and an audio clip.
A. An audio track is a channel within a DAW that holds and plays back audio data. It can
contain multiple audio clips arranged in sequence or layered. An audio clip, on the
other hand, is a specific segment of audio data, such as a recording or a sample, that
resides on an audio track. In essence, audio clips are the individual pieces of audio
content, while audio tracks are the containers that organize and control the playback of
these clips within a project.
D. What is digital audio recording?
A. Digital audio recording involves converting audio signals into a series of discrete
numbers that represent changes in air pressure over time. These numerical
representations are stored digitally and can be converted back into analog signals for
playback.
E. What is the significance of sampling rate in digital audio recording?
A. The sampling rate determines how frequently the audio signal is measured per second
during the analog-to-digital conversion. A higher sampling rate captures more detail of
the audio waveform, leading to better sound quality and more accurate reproduction of
the original sound.

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5.3 Record your podcast
PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE
Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

SR-II (RED)
Worksheet # ___
Date: Name:

Topic: Multimedia:
Subject: COMPUTER (2210)
Record your podcast

Multiple choice questions (MCQs).

1) What is the primary device used to capture audio for a podcast?

a) Microphone b) Camera c) Keyboard d) Monitor

2) What term describes unwanted background sounds in a recording?

a) Silence b) Echo c) Noise d) Melody

3) Which software is commonly used for editing podcast audio?

a) Spreadsheet b) DAW c) Word Processor d) Browser

4) Which tool in audio editing software is used to remove unwanted sections of a recording?

a) Trim b) Amplify c) Loop d) Reverb

5) Recording in a quiet environment helps to achieve what kind of audio quality?

a) Distorted b) Muffled c) Clear d) Noisy

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5.3 Record your podcast
1. Why is it important to record the audio for your podcast in a quiet place?
A. Recording in a quiet environment minimizes background noise, ensuring clear and
professional sound quality for your podcast.
2. Explain what the “Trim” tool is used for in your DAW?
A. The "Trim" tool in a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) is used to remove unwanted
sections from audio clips, allowing for precise editing and cleaner recordings.
3. Why is it a good idea to record segments of a podcast on separate tracks?
A. Recording segments on separate tracks provides greater flexibility in editing, mixing,
and applying effects to each segment individually, resulting in a more polished final
product.
4. Most modern music is made using multi-track recording. Explain some of the
benefits of recording music in this way.
A. Multi-track recording allows for individual control over each instrument or vocal track,
facilitating easier editing, mixing, and enhancing the overall sound quality.

Activity

 Record the segments of your podcast on separate tracks.

 Playback your audio and decide what edits you need to make.
 Use the trimming and time shift tools to edit your tracks.
 Listen to the whole file to check you have a complete podcast program.
 Save your work

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5.4 Finish your podcast
1. What is meant by “mixing” audio tracks?
A. Mixing audio tracks involves combining multiple audio recordings into a single track.
This process includes adjusting the volume levels, panning (stereo placement), and
applying effects to each individual track to ensure they blend harmoniously. The goal is
to create a balanced and cohesive final product where all elements, such as vocals,
music, and sound effects, are appropriately integrated.
2. Explain what the “Fade Out” and “Fade In” effects do.
A. Fade In: This effect gradually increases the audio's volume from silence to its full
level. It's commonly used at the beginning of a track to introduce the audio smoothly.
Fade Out: Conversely, this effect gradually decreases the audio's volume from its full
level to silence. It's typically applied at the end of a track to conclude the audio gently.
Both effects help in creating smooth transitions and can prevent abrupt starts or
endings in audio recordings.
3. What do you need to consider when you are adding effects to speech audio in a
podcast?
A. When adding effects to speech audio in a podcast, consider the following:
Clarity:
Ensure that the speech remains clear and intelligible. Avoid effects that might distort
the voice or make it hard to understand.
Consistency:
Maintain a consistent sound throughout the episode. Inconsistent use of effects can be
distracting to listeners.
Subtlety:
Use effects sparingly. Overuse can overwhelm the listener and detract from the content.
Relevance:
Choose effects that enhance the listening experience and are appropriate for the
podcast's theme and tone.
Technical Quality:
Ensure that effects do not introduce unwanted noise or artifacts that could degrade
audio quality.
4. Why do you need to add a credit when you use music or other content that is
created by someone else?
A. Adding credit when using someone else's music or content is essential for several
reasons:

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Legal Compliance:
It ensures adherence to copyright laws, which require acknowledgment of the original
creator's work.
Ethical Responsibility:
Giving credit respects the creator's intellectual property and acknowledges their effort
and creativity.
Transparency:
It informs your audience about the sources of your content, maintaining honesty and
integrity in your production.
Avoiding Plagiarism:
Proper attribution prevents the misrepresentation of someone else's work as your own.

Failing to provide appropriate credit can lead to legal consequences and damage your
reputation as a content creator.

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5.5 Share your podcast
1. Name three things you can include in a podcast’s show notes to help listeners?
A. Episode Summary: A brief overview of the episode's content to inform listeners about
the topics discussed.
Links to Resources: References to articles, books, or websites mentioned during the
episode for further exploration.
Timestamps: Markers indicating when specific topics or segments begin, allowing
listeners to navigate the episode easily.
2. Describe at least two ways of sharing your podcast with people.
A. Podcast Hosting Platforms:
Upload your podcast to hosting services like Libsyn, Podbean, or Anchor, which
distribute your episodes to various podcast directories.
Social Media:
Share links to your podcast episodes on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram
to reach a broader audience and encourage engagement..
3. Explain how feedback can help you improve podcast.
A. Feedback from listeners provides valuable insights into what aspects of your podcast
are resonating well and what areas may need improvement. Constructive criticism can
guide you in refining content, enhancing audio quality, and improving delivery.
Engaging with your audience's opinions helps create a more engaging and polished
podcast that meets their expectations.
4. Explain the differences between “compressed” audio and “uncompressed” audio.
A. Uncompressed audio formats, such as WAV and AIFF, store audio data in its original
form without any reduction in quality, resulting in large file sizes. Compressed audio
formats, like MP3 and AAC, reduce file size by removing certain audio data, which
may lead to a slight loss of quality. This compression makes files more manageable
and easier to distribute, especially over the internet.

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5.6 Improve your podcast
1. What does “troubleshooting” means?
A. Troubleshooting is a systematic approach to identifying, diagnosing, and resolving
problems or malfunctions in a system or process.
2. What is the purpose of a “safety copy” of a file?
A. A safety copy, commonly known as a backup, serves to protect data by creating a
duplicate file that can be restored in case the original is lost, corrupted, or accidentally
deleted.
3. After analyzing your feedback, which of these problems should you fix first?
a. The easiest b. the hardest c. the most important
A. The most important problems first to resolve critical issues that affect functionality and
user experience. This ensures system integrity and maintains user satisfaction.
4. Describe how should you decide on the priority of the problems should you fix
first?
A. Prioritize problems based on their impact and urgency. Address issues that significantly
affect functionality or user experience before tackling less critical ones. Consider
factors such as alignment with strategic goals, resource availability, and potential
benefits when determining the order of resolution.

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OBJECTIVES:
 Understanding Business Data Tables
 Data Entry and Management:
 Data Analysis Techniques
 Creating Data Tables Using Software
 Interpreting Data from Tables
 Visualizing Data
 Data Security and Privacy

Atomic: Refers to operations Mind Map

that are indivisible and
completed without
Validation:
interruption, ensuring data It ensures data meets
integrity. Numbers and criteria to maintain
accuracy and integrity.
AutoSum: data
A spreadsheet function that
automatically calculates the Key Field:
sum of a selected range of A specific field in a database table that
cells uniquely identifies each record, often
serving as the primary key to establish
Currency: relationships between tables.

A data type in databases and Data Table:

spreadsheets used to represent monetary An organized collection of data arranged in
values, formatted according to specific rows and columns, facilitating easy access,
currency symbols and decimal places. management, and analysis.

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6.1 Collect product data
PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE
Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

SR-II (RED)
Worksheet # ___
Date: Name:

Topic: Numbers and data:

Subject: COMPUTER (2210)
Collect product data

Multiple choice questions (MCQs).

1) Which method involves gathering information directly from customers?

a) Surveys b) Observations c) Interviews d) Experiments

2) What is the term for data collected by observing customer behavior without direct interaction?

a) Surveys b) Interviews c) Observations d) Experiments

3) What is the term for data that is numerical and can be measured?

a) Qualitative b) Quantitative c) Descriptive d) Analytical

4) What is the term for ensuring data is accurate and consistent?

a) Validation b) Verification c) Analysis d) Collection

5) What is the term for facts collected about a product for analysis and decision-making in an online
business?

a) Surveys b) Reports c) Data d) Feedback

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6.1 Collect product data
1. Write a list of the products you have decided to sell in your online store.
A. List of Products for Online Store:
 Smartphones
 Laptops
 Wireless Earbuds
 Smartwatches
 Bluetooth Speakers
2. Write three facts you have collected about your product.
A. Name of the product, cost of the product, name of supplier.
3. State why each fact is useful to your business or to your customers.
Name of Product: Helps customers recognize the product and make it easier for
the business to market and promote effectively
Cost of Product: Enables the business to set competitive prices while allowing
customers to compare affordability.
Name of Supplier: Assures product quality and availability, which builds customer
trust and supports consistent sales.
4. Give the URLs of the websites that you used in this lesson.
A. URLs of Websites Used in the Lesson:
 https://www.invensis.net/blog/product-data-collection-methods
 https://research.aimultiple.com/pruduct-data-collection/
 https://www.surveycto.com/resources/guides/data-collection-methods-guide/
 https://gepard.io/for-retailers/content-collection
 https://www.gocanvas.com/blog/best-ways-to-collect-data-in-manufacturing-gocanvas

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6.2 Record and fields
PROFECTUS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & COLLEGE
Pre-Junior to O-Level, Matric & Intermediate
(P-6061) Registered & Recognized by the Cambridge Board

SR-II (RED)
Worksheet # ___
Date: Name:

Topic: Numbers and data:

Subject: COMPUTER (2210)
Record and fields

Multiple choice questions (MCQs).

1) What part of a data table stores one complete record?

a) Column b) Top row c) Row d) Key field

2) What is the term for data collected by observing customer behavior without direct interaction?

a) Surveys b) Interviews c) Observations d) Experiments

3) What is the purpose of a key field in a data table?

a) To format the table b) To calculate data

c) To uniquely identify each record d) To store the largest value

4) What does it mean for data fields to be atomic?

a) Each field should hold only one piece of information b) Fields should be grouped together
c) Each field should hold multiple pieces of information d) Fields should be linked to other
tables

5) What does the top row of a data table contain?

a) Headings b) Values c) Data d) Records

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6.2 Record and fields
1. What information is shown in the top row of a data table?
A. The top row of a data table shows the headings or labels for each column, indicating
the type of data stored in that column.
2. Write a definition of a data record. What part of a data table is used to store one
record?
A. A data record is a single row in a data table that contains related information for one
entry. Each row in the table stores one complete record.
3. What is the purpose of a key field in a data table?
A. A key field uniquely identifies each record in the table, ensuring that no two records
are identical and facilitating data organization and retrieval.
4. Data fields should be atomic. Explain what this means.
A. Atomic means each data field should hold only one piece of information, making it
simple and indivisible for accurate data management and analysis.

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6.3 Data types andformats
1. Which statement is true?
a. All data in one record should be the same data type.
b. All data in one field should be the same data type.
A. The true statement is “All data in one field should be the same data type”.
2. When you look at a field you can tell if it stores a number value or text data. How
can you tell?
A. You can tell by the type of data in the field: numbers consist of digits, while text
contains letters, symbols, or words.
3. How is text data stored in the computer?
A. Text data is stored as sequences of characters encoded using formats like ASCII and in
Python it is called Strings.
4. You cannot do some actions using text data – give an example.
A. You cannot perform mathematical calculations, like addition or subtraction, on text
data.
5. Write the difference between field and record.
Field Record

 A single piece of data or attribute.  A collection of related fields.

 Represented as a column in a data

 Represented as a row in a data table.
table.

 Holds one type of data (e.g., names,  Combines multiple fields for one
ages). entity (e.g., Name: John, Age: 25).

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6.4 Calculations
1. A warehouse worker uses a tablet to do her job. Write down one thing she might
use the tablet for.
A. A warehouse worker might use the tablet to scan barcodes for inventory tracking.
2. What does “opening stock” mean? How do businesses find out the quantity of
their opening stock?
A. Opening stock refers to the quantity of goods a business has at the beginning of a
period. Businesses find this out by checking inventory records or conducting a stock
count.
3. In your own words, explain how to calculate closing stock.
A. Closing stock is calculated by adding new purchases to the opening stock and then
subtracting the goods sold during the period.
4. How can you calculate the total value of all the stock that a business has?
A. Multiply the quantity of each item by its price, then add up the values for all items to
get the total stock value.

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6.5 Show bad data
1. Define validation?
A. Validation is the process of checking that data entered into a system meets predefined
rules and criteria to ensure accuracy and reliability.
2. What is the name for using rules to check data?
A. Validation uses rules to check data.
3. Explain why the “Opening stock” field must have integer (whole number) data
only.
A. Stock quantities are whole numbers because they represent items that can only be
counted in complete units, not fractions.
4. Explain why the data in the “Stock in” Column must be greater than or equal to 0.
A. Negative stock values are illogical, as they imply removing more items than exist.
5. What validation rules would you use for the data in the “Cost” field?
A. The cost must be a positive number, greater than 0, and formatted as a decimal or
currency.
6. What is bad data? How to find bad data?
A. Bad data refers to inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent information that can lead to
errors in decision-making or operations. Bad data can be identified through validation
checks, such as looking for missing values, incorrect formats, duplicate entries, or
values that fall outside acceptable ranges.
7. What are the rules for stock validation?
A. Rules for Stock Validation:

1. Non-Negative Values: Stock quantities must be greater than or equal to 0.

2. Whole Numbers: Stock values should be integers, as items cannot be fractional.
3. Logical Limits: Ensure stock values do not exceed maximum storage capacity.
4. Consistent Updates: Validate that changes in stock match documented transactions
(e.g., sales or purchases).
5. Correct Data Types: Stock fields must only accept numeric data.

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6.6 Calculations
1. When does the user see an error message?
A. The user sees an error message when they enter data that does not meet the predefined
rules or criteria set for the input.
2. How does a good error message help the user?
A. A good error message clearly explains what went wrong and provides guidance on how
to correct the mistake, helping the user to fix the issue quickly.
3. Think about the validation checks you have added to your data table in this lesson
and the last lesson. Describe one data entry mistake which your validation checks
would block.
A. A validation check would block the entry of a negative number in the "Stock in" field,
as stock quantities must be 0 or greater.
4. An input message does not stop the user from entering bad data. How does it help
to prevent errors?
A. An input message helps by providing instructions or reminders to the user before they
enter data, reducing the likelihood of errors by guiding them on the correct format or
value.

Activity Stock Data Entry and Validation Exercise

Objective:
Students will practice entering stock data into a table, applying validation rules, and identifying errors.
Instructions:
1. Step 1: Provide students with a simple data table template that includes fields like "Product Name,"
"Opening Stock," "Stock In," "Stock Out," and "Closing Stock."
2. Step 2: Ask students to enter sample product data with the following conditions:
o Enter the "Opening Stock" as whole numbers.
o Ensure "Stock In" values are positive numbers and cannot exceed 100.
o Ensure "Stock Out" values are non-negative and do not exceed the current "Opening Stock."
3. Step 3: Set up validation rules in the data table:
o Prevent negative numbers in "Stock In" and "Stock Out."
o Block "Stock Out" values greater than "Opening Stock."
4. Step 4: Ask students to enter incorrect data (e.g., negative values or exceeding stock limits) to see
how the validation rules block the entry.
5. Step 5: Students will then correct the errors based on the error messages and input guidance
provided.
Outcome:
Students will learn to apply validation rules effectively and understand how data entry errors can be
prevented and corrected using validation techniques.

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