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ITC LAB -1

Introduction to computing lab

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3 views

ITC LAB -1

Introduction to computing lab

Uploaded by

naveed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB # 1

Computer Hardware
Objective

 To learn about different parts of computer hardware

Theory

Components of a Computer:

Computer consists of two main components:

 Hardware

 Software
SOFTWARE:

Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data
that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. In other
words, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation
concerned with the operation of a data processing system. Program software performs the
function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the
computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. The term was coined
to contrast to the old term hardware (meaning physical devices). In contrast to hardware,
software "cannot be touched".

OPERATING SYSTEM:

An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware


resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a
vital component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs require
an operating system to function.

Examples:

 Microsoft Windows
Linux

Macintosh
HARDWARE:

Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system.
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of computer such as monitor,
keyboard, hard disk, mouse, etc., refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk
drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast, software is
untouchable. Software exists as ideas, application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no
substance. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system. This
allows it for computer run better than normally faster.

PROCESSOR:

A central processing unit (CPU), also


referred to as a central processor unit, is
the hardware within a computer system
which carries out the instructions of a
computer program by performing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output
operations of the system. The form,
design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over the course of their history, but their
fundamental operation remains much the same.

Two typical components of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs
arithmetic and logical operations, and the control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from
memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
MOTHERBOARD:

The motherboard serves to


connect all of the parts of a
computer together. The
CPU, memory, hard drives,
optical drives, video card,
sound card and other ports
and expansion cards all
connect to the motherboard
directly or via cables.

The motherboard can be


thought of as the "back
bone" of the computer.

Motherboards, cases and


power supplies all come in
different sizes called form
factors. All three must be
compatible to work properly
together.

Motherboards vary greatly in respect to the types of components they support. For example,
each motherboard supports a single type of CPU and a short list of memory types.

HARD DISK DRIVES:

A hard disk drive (HDD also hard drive, hard disk, or disk
drive) is a device for storing and retrieving digital information.
It consists of one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating discs
(platters) coated with magnetic material, with magnetic heads
arranged to read and write data to the surfaces.

RAM [RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY]:

RAM (random access memory) is the place in a computer where


the operating system, application programs, and data in current
use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the
computer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write
to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk,
floppy disk, and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays
there only as long as your computer is running. When you turn
the computer off, RAM loses its data. When you turn your computer on again, your operating
system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from your hard disk.
INPUT DEVICES:

The devices that use to enter data and instructions in a computer.

For Example:

 Keyboard

 Mouse /
Touchpad

 Scanner

 Microphone

OUTPUT DEVICES:

The devices that allow information to be represented (that is, given out) to the user.
For Example:

 Monitor /
LCD

 Printer

 Speakers

PS/2 Port PS/2 Port


[Keyboard] [Mouse]

USB Ports Ethernet Port


[Network]

Serial Port
[Dial-up
Modem]
LPT1 Printer
PORTS: Port [Printer]

Ports are the socket at the back of the computer that allows different peripheral devices to
VGA Port
connect to the computer
[Monitor]

Speakers

Line In Game Port


[Joystick]
Microphone
Tasks:

Q.) Label the diagram of the motherboard

Q.) Where is OS stored and installed on a computer?

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