GAYESHPUR GOVT.

POLYTECHNIC

KALYANI, NADIA

PROJECT REPORT on - Measuring Water Flow rate and Volume using Arduino
and Flow Sensor

GROUP MEMBERS

Sl. No. Name Reg. No. Roll No.

1 Deepraj Jadav D192008341 DGAGMES6 10008638
2 Hemantika Das D192008348 DGAGMES6 10008645
3 Indrajit Koiri D202121887 DGAGMES6 10022042
4 Priyanka Kumari D192008361 DGAGMES6 10008658
Pandey

Under the Supervision of - Mr. Shubham Pal

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Gayeshpur Govt. Polytechnic,

Kalyani, Nadia
 UNDERTAKING

I certify that research work titled ‘ Measuring Water Flow rate and Volume
using Arduino and Flow Sensor is my own work. The work has not been
presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from
other sources, it has been properly acknowledged/referred.

___________________

Deepraj Yadav

DME/192008341

___________________

HEMANTIKA DAS

DME/D192008348

___________________

INDRAJIT KOIRI

DME/D202121887

___________________

PRIYANKA KUMARI PANDEY

DME/D192008361

DEDICATION
 We dedicate this project work to

Our Parents

Respected Teachers

Sincere Friends

Who help us and support us to complete this

Project work, without the support of them it

couldn’t be complete.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All praise to GOD, lord of all the worlds, the most Affectionate, the most
Merciful, who taught writing by pen, taught me what I knew not. After the
GOD, all praise and thanks to Mr. Shubham Pal, who is forever a model of
guidance and knowledge for humanity.I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my project guide Mr. Shubham Pal as our Supervisor,
who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
“Measuring water Flow Rate and Volume using Arduino and Flow Sensor ”,
which also helped me in doing alot of research and i came to know about so
many new things. We are grateful to his ever-inspiring guidance, keen interest,
scholarly comments and constructive suggestions throughout the course of our
studies. May GOD almighty infuse us with the energy to fulfill his noble
inspiration and expectation and to further modify our competence. May GOD
bless him with long happy and peaceful life.Secondly I would also like to thank
my parents and friends, who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.

ABSTRACT
 The irrigation systems modernization is a part of the water resources
management improvement process which requires a decision support system,
the core of such system is an automated procedure for simulating the relevant
processes governing the system. Water is necessary thing to sustain life on
earth but due to poor management the resourses of pure water decrease day
by day. This infulation is due to Poor check and balance on Well Drilling and
installing pump. Discharging of Groundwater is increased to dangerous level
and recharging is so less that we are handling this problem by automation
process, and the most common sensor which we used to measure the flow of a
liquid is a Flow Sensor. By using a flow sensor with a microcontroller like
Arduino, we can calculate the flow rate, and check the volume of liquid that
has drilled through the GroundWater table, and control it as required. Apart
from water management, flow sensors can also be found in the agriculture
sector, food processing, manufacturing industries, mining industry, water
recycling, coffee machines etc. Further, a water flow sensor will be a good
addition to projects like Automatic water dispenser and smart irrigation
systems where we need to monitor and control the flow of liquids. In this
project, we are going to build a water flow sensor using Arduino. We will
interface the water flow sensor with Arduino and LCD, and program it to
display the volume of water, which has passed through the valve. For this
particular project, we are going to use the YF-S201 water flow sensor, which
uses a hall effect to sense the flow rate of the fluid.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION
2 MATERIALS AND
METHODS
3 RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION
4 FUTURE SCOPE
5 SOURCE CODE
 INTRODUCTION

Water is very important to the Living Organism. Every one of Living Organism
use water to help with temperature regulation, keeping hydrated and
maintaining bodily functions. According to calculation Earth cover with 71% of
water by area but pure water is only 1%. But due to High Discharge and Low
Recharging Groundwater and Rivers water, the amount of drinkable water
decrease day by day. According to Survey Asian countries add in the list of
Water Scarcity countries in 2025. So we need to giving attention on this issue
before we fall in this problem. Main problem is that we don’t think that we are
wasting water. This automation Project attach with the main water supply and
everyone see the amount of water that they use and in future we do some
modification this project and convert this system into utility sytem.
Flow rate and volume helps tell the amount of fluid going into, or through a
particular vessel. For certain process automation applications, this simple-
sounding fluid measurement task is so critical to the success of the project
that, failure to get it right, could bring the entire process to its knees. The
water flow sensor uses the principles of electromagnetism, such that, when
liquids flow through the sensor, the flow action impacts the fins of a turbine in
the sensor, causing the wheel to spin. The shaft of the turbine wheel is
connected to a hall effect sensor so that with every spin, a pulse is generated,
and by monitoring that pulse with a microcontroller, the sensor can be used in
determining the volume of fluid passing through it. As the microcontroller for
today, we will use the Arduino Uno. The Uno will be used to count the number
of pulses detected over time and calculate the flow rate (in liters/hour) and
total volume of fluid that has passed through it using the total number of
pulses. The result, flow rate and volume, will then be displayed on a 16×2 LCD
so as to provide a visual feedback to the user. To make reading the sensor and
calculating flow easy, the interrupt feature of the Atmega328p on the Ardunio
is employed, as such, the signal pin of the YF-S201 is connected to one of the
interrupt-enabled IOs of the Uno (in this case, pin D2). The LCD, on the other
hand, is connected ina 4-bit mode to the Arduino. To save some time on
connections, you could also decide to use an I2C enabled version of the 16×2
LCD display. For this, you will only need to connect4 wires from the display to
the Arduino.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

REQUIRED MATERIALS

Serial No. Components Description Quantity

1 Arduino board Arduino UNO R3 1
2 Water flow sensor YFS201 hall effect 1
3 LCD display 16*2 LCD 1
4 Connecting wires Jumper wires 40
5 Breadboard simple 1
6 LED 5m.m. 2
7 Resistor 1k 2

METHODOLOGY

The circuit diagram is shown in the figure. In circuit diagram, Connect the LCD
pin 1,3, 5, 16 to GND & 2, 15 to 5V VCC. And then connect LCD pins
4,6,11,12,13,14 to Arduino digital pins D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, and D2. Connect
YFS201 Hall Effect Water Flow Sensor VCC pin (red wire) to 5V Power supply &
GND pin (black wire) to Arduino GND. Since it’s an analog sensor, so connect its
analog pin to A0 of Arduino. So connect LED positive wire to 1k resistor
positive side and connect to with analog pin of sensor (yellow wire) and put
the negative side of LED in A0 of Arduino. So when YFS201 Hall Effect Water
Flow Sensor start working LED light start glowing. Voltage measuring meter is
connect on Breadboard Input wires, which show the operating voltage of
sensors.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

In our project, I connected the water flow sensor to a pipe. If theoutput valve
of the pipe is closed, the output of the water flow sensor is zero (No
pulses).There will be no interrupt signal seen at the pin 2 of the Arduino, and
the count of the flowfrequency will be zero. In this condition, the code which is
written inside the else loop willwork. If the output valve of the pipe is opened.
The water flows through the sensor, whichin turn rotates the wheel inside the
sensor. In this condition, we can observe pulses, whichare generated from the
sensor. These pulses will act as an interrupt signal to the ArduinoUNO. For
every interrupt signal (rising edge), the count of the flow frequency variable
will be increased by one. The current time and cloopTIme variable ensure that
for every onesecond the value of the flow frequency is taken for calculation of
flow rate and volume.After the calculation is finished, the flow frequency
variable is set to zero and the whole procedure is started from the beginning.
 APPARATUS

1. YFS201 HALL EFFECT WATER FLOW SENSOR: This sensor sits in line with
your water line and contains a pinwheel sensor to measure how much
liquid has moved through it. There’s an integrated magnetic Hall Effect
sensor that outputs an electrical pulse with every revolution. The Hall
Effect sensor is sealed from the water pipe and allows the sensor to stay
safe and dry. The sensor comes with three wires: red (5-12VDC power),
black (ground), and yellow (Hall Effect pulse output). By counting the
pulses from the output of the sensor, you can easily calculate the water
flow rate. Each pulse is approximately 2.25 milliliters. Note: This isn’t a
precision sensor, and the pulse rate does vary a bit depending on the
flow rate, fluid pressure, and sensor orientation.

2. ARDUINO UNO REV R3: It is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6
can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz ceramic
resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0),a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
 3. LCD DISPLAY: It can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x
2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224
different characters and symbols.1 . YFS201 Hall Effect Water Flow
Sensor : This sensor sits in line with your water line and contains a
pinwheel sensor to measure how much liquid has moved through it.
There’s an integrated magnetic Hall Effect sensor that outputs an
electrical pulse with every revolution. The Hall Effect sensor is sealed
from the water pipe and allows the sensor to stay safe and dry. The
sensor comes with three wires : red (5 – 12VDC power), black (ground)
and yellow (Hall Effect pulse output). By counting the pulses from the
output of the sensor, you can easily calculate the water flow rate. Each
pulse is approximately 2.25 milliliters. Note : This isn’t a precision sensor
and the pulse rate does vary a bit depending on the flow rate, flow
pressure and sensor orientation.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF WATER FLOW SENSOR

The Water Flow Sensor for Flow Rate &Volume Measurement using Arduino
works on the principle of the Hall Effect. According to the Hall Effect, a voltage
difference is induced in a conductor transverse to the electric current and the
magnetic field perpendicular to it. Here, the Hall Effect is utilized in the flow
meter using a small fan/propeller-shaped rotor, which is placed in the path of
the liquid flowing.
Liquid pushes against the fins of the rotor, causing it to rotate. The shaft of the
rotor is connected to a Hall Effect sensor. It is an arrangement of a current
flowing coil and a magnet connected to the shaft of the rotor, thus a
voltage/pulse is induced as this rotor rotates. In this flow meter, for every liter
of liquid passing through it per minute, it outputs about 4.5 pulses. This is due
to the changing magnetic field caused by the magnet attached to the rotor
shaft. We measure the number of pulses using an Arduino and then calculate
the flow rate in liters per hour (L/hr) and total volume in Litre using a simple
conversion formula.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

This project has successfully monitoring the Flow and Volume of water
automatically. Thus we can check how much water we use on daily basis.

CONCLUSION
 Designed a smart system capable of controlling the water automatically. This
project is of low cost and the efficiency of the project is more compared to the
previous methods. Using this project, automatic controlling and monitoring the
flow of water is done. Thus, required amount of water is discharged. Same
methodology can be implemented in case of any fluids in the industries. The
disadvantage of the previous systems, which required manpower was
eliminated. This real time project represents a solution for easy and automated
management of water which helps in preventing wastage of water. We simple
check the volume of water and after desire amount simple automatically trip.

FUTURE SCOPE

There is no restriction on water use in Asian countries specially in Pakistan,

Due to this resourses of fresh water decrease day by day, groundwater depth
increase day by day. According to survey Pakistan add in the list of water
scarcity zone in 2025. Then we take this problem seriously and then
government install water utility system so in future we convert this project to
water utility machine by doing some modifications. We develop a water utility
system where people can go to fetch water and insert their cards with some
credit on them and when they do so, the system first accepts the payment
before it dispenses the water equivalent to the credit paid. For that system we
use RFID System and a keypad. Rfid for access controlling and keypad for
selecting amount/volume of water that is to be drawn.

SOURCE CODE

//Measuring Water flow rate using Arduino

// Program Written By Engr. ASIM RAZA

#include <LiquidCrystal.h

LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);

int X;

int Y;

float TIME = 0;

float FREQUENCY = 0;

float WATER = 0;

float TOTAL = 0;

float LS = 0;

const int input = A0;

void setup()

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16,2);

icd.clear();

icd.setCursor(0,0);

icd.print(“Water Flow Meter”);

icd.setCursor(0.1);

icd.print(“****************”);

delay(2000);

pinMode(input,INPUT);

Void loop()

X=pulseIn(input, HIGH);
Y = pulse(input, LOW);

TIME = X+Y;

FREQUENCY = 1000000/TIME;

WATER = FREQUENCY/7.5;

LS = WATER/60;

if(FREQUENCY >=0)

if(isinf(FREQUENCY))

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print(“VOL. :0.00”);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(“TOTAL:”);

lcd.print( TOTAL );

lcd.point(“ L”);

else

TOTAL = TOTAL + FS;

Serial.println(FREQUENCY);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(“VOL.: “);

lcd.print(WATER);

lcd.print(“ L/M”);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(“TOTAL :”);

lcd.print(TOTAL);

lcd.print(“ L”);

delay(1000);