Elnasr Tech3 Linux Lec
Elnasr Tech3 Linux Lec
OPERATING SYSTEM
―LINUX Administration & Networking System‖
By:
Mohamed A. Goumaa
1
March 2016
Schedule
Course Schedule
Lectures : Every Tuesday, 08:00 – 10:00
Labs : Every Tuesday, 10:00 – 12:00 Group A
Every Tuesday, 12:00 – 02:00 Group B
Grading
Grading Guidelines
Attendance: 10%
Course works: 10%
Lab exam: 20%
Final exam: 60%
UNIX
History of UNIX
History of UNIX
1973 Unix is re-written mostly in C, a new language
developed by Dennis Ritchie.
Being written in this high-level language greatly
decreased the effort needed to port it to new
machines.
Introduction to Linux
History of UNIX
What is LINUX
LINUX Distributions
Mandrake: http://www.mandrakesoft.com/
RedHat: http://www.redhat.com/
Fedora: http://fedora.redhat.com/
SuSE/Novell: http://www.suse.com/
Debian: http://www.debian.org/
Linux Structure
Introduction to Linux
Linux Structure
Linux Structure
Kernel
– The part of an OS where the real work is done
Linux Structure
File Management
– Control the creation, removal of files and provide directory maintenance
– For a multiuser system, every user should have its own right to access
files and directories
Introduction to Linux
Linux Structure
Process Management
– For a multitask system, multiple programs can be executed
simultaneously in the system
– When a program starts to execute, it becomes a process
– The same program executing at two different times will become two
different processes
– Kernel manages processes in terms of creating, suspending, and
terminating them
– A process is protected from other processes and can communicate with
the others
Introduction to Linux
Linux Structure
Memory Management
– Memory in a computer is divided into main memory (RAM) and secondary
storage (usually refer to hard disk)
– Memory is small in capacity but fast in speed, and hard disk is vice versa
– Data that are not currently used should be saved to hard disk first, while dat
that are urgently needed should be retrieved and stored in RAM
– The mechanism is referred as memory management
Device drivers
– Interfaces between the kernel and the BIOS
– Different device has different driver
Introduction to Linux
Linux is a multiuser OS
Allow multiple users to use the resource of a computer at the same time
Every user needs to login the system with the password provided to identify
their right in using the resource
Require for both client-server based system or desktop
Linux
Paul
Server Mary
Peter
Peter: admin
Paul : general
Mary : intruder Client-server based
: system
Introduction to Linux
File System
File System
Each node is either a file or a directory of files,
where the latter can contain other files and
directories.
You specify a file or directory by its path name,
either the full, or absolute, path name or the one
relative to a location.
The full path name starts with the root, /, and
follows the branches of the file system, each
separated by /, until you reach the desired file, e.g.:
/home/condron/source/xntp
Introduction to Linux
Access Permissions
There are three permissions for any file, directory
or application program.
Access Permissions
Access Permissions
Each of the three permissions are assigned to
three defined categories of users.
The categories are:
Access Permissions
One can easily view the permissions for a file by
invoking a long format listing using the command
ls -l.
Access Permissions
Introduction to Linux
Access Permissions
The permissions for this file are listed are listed at
the start of the line, starting with rwx.
Access Permissions
This listing indicates that the file is readable,
writable, and executable by the user who owns the
file (user juan) as well as the group owning the file
(which is a group named student).
$ ls –l
Introduction to Linux