Summary of Key Features and Components in Windows Server 2019

Key Security Features:

1. Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP):

o Detects, investigates, and responds to advanced attacks, providing visibility into

security threats.

2. Shielded Virtual Machines:

o Protects virtual machines from unauthorized access, using encryption and secure
environments.

3. Windows Defender Firewall:

o Built-in firewall that controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on configured
rules.

4. Just Enough Administration (JEA):

o Limits user permissions, allowing them only enough access to perform specific tasks,
reducing risk.

5. Active Directory Security:

o Enhances authentication with password policies, account lockout, and multi-factor

authentication (MFA).

6. BitLocker Drive Encryption:

o Encrypts server drives, protecting data from unauthorized access even if the drive is
physically removed.

7. Network Security Groups (NSGs):

o Controls server traffic by applying inbound and outbound rules for managing
resource access.

8. Event and Audit Logging:

o Logs server activities for monitoring and auditing to detect and respond to security
incidents.

Main Components of Windows Server 2019:

1. Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS):

o Provides centralized user and resource management, including authentication and

authorization.

2. Hyper-V:

o Virtualization platform for managing and running virtual machines (VMs), improving
resource efficiency.

3. Failover Clustering:
 o Ensures high availability of applications and services by allowing multiple servers to
work together, preventing downtime during failures.

4. Remote Desktop Services (RDS):

o Provides remote access to desktops and applications, ideal for remote work
environments.

5. DNS Server:

o Resolves domain names to IP addresses, allowing clients to locate and access

network resources.

6. File and Storage Services:

o Facilitates file sharing and storage management with features like Distributed File
System (DFS) and resource management.

7. Windows Admin Center:

o Web-based management tool that provides a centralized interface to manage

servers, clusters, and PCs.

Security Services in Windows Server 2019:

 Windows Defender ATP: Detects and responds to threats.

 Shielded VMs: Protects sensitive virtual machine environments.

 Windows Defender Firewall: Monitors network traffic.

 JEA: Controls admin permissions to minimize risk.

 Active Directory Security: Strengthens authentication.

 BitLocker: Encrypts server data.

 NSGs: Manages traffic flow into and out of the server.

 Event and Audit Logging: Tracks server activities for security monitoring.

Device Manager in Windows Server 2019:

1. Device Management: Displays all connected hardware and their statuses.

2. Status Monitoring: Identifies functioning or problematic devices via visual indicators.

3. Driver Management: Enables updates, disabling, or troubleshooting drivers.

4. Troubleshooting: Assists with resolving device and driver issues.

5. Hardware Changes: Detects new or removed hardware.

6. Properties and Details: Provides detailed device information like drivers and resources used.

Steps to Install Windows Server 2019:

1. System Requirements:

o Minimum hardware: 1.4 GHz processor, 512 MB RAM, 32 GB storage.

 2. Installation Media:

o Use a bootable USB or DVD with the Windows Server 2019 ISO.

3. Boot and Start Installation:

o Boot from the installation media, set preferences, and begin the installation.

4. Select Installation Type:

o Choose between Standard, Datacenter, or Desktop Experience (with GUI).

5. Select Partition:

o Choose the target drive and format or create partitions as needed.

6. Complete Installation:

o Set the Administrator password, finalize the setup, and configure network settings or
server roles.

Post-Installation Configuration:

 After installation, configure network settings, install updates, and set up additional server
roles like Active Directory.

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Summary of Android OS Components and Setup

Key Components of Android OS:

1. Linux Kernel: The core of Android, managing hardware interaction, memory, processes, and
device drivers.

2. Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): Acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the
Android framework, enabling the OS to work with various hardware components.

3. Android Runtime (ART): Executes Android apps by compiling them into native code for
improved performance and battery life.

4. Libraries: C/C++ libraries providing essential services like graphics, media playback, and
database management.

5. Application Framework: Provides APIs and tools for developers to build apps, including
managing user interfaces, data storage, and system services.

6. Applications: User-facing apps pre-installed or downloaded, providing the core user

experience.
Android Architecture (Layer-by-Layer):

1. Linux Kernel: Manages core system services (security, process management, memory) and
device drivers, interfacing with hardware components like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.

2. HAL: Provides a standard interface for Android to interact with different hardware devices.

3. ART and Native Libraries: Compiles apps into native code and includes libraries like Skia for
graphics, SQLite for databases, and others for media and web rendering.

4. Application Framework: Offers high-level services like activities, services, content providers,
and broadcast receivers for managing Android apps.

5. Applications: Top layer where user-facing apps interact with users, allowing access to the
device’s features.

Steps to Set Up an Android Device:

1. Power on the device and select a language.

2. Connect to Wi-Fi and sign in to a Google account.

3. Set up security (PIN, password, or fingerprint).

4. Optionally restore data from another device.

5. Customize settings like location, backup, and Google Assistant.

6. Finalize setup and begin personalizing the device.

Role of Linux Kernel in Android:

 Foundation: Serves as the core layer, handling communication between hardware and
software.

 Process & Memory Management: Manages process execution, multitasking, and memory
allocation.

 Security: Enforces security features such as user permissions.

 Hardware Abstraction: Simplifies hardware interaction for applications without requiring

detailed hardware knowledge.

Power Management by Linux Kernel:

1. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS): Adjusts CPU power based on the workload
to save battery.

2. Sleep States: Manages transitions to low-power states when the device is idle.

3. Wake Locks: Ensures specific tasks keep the device awake when necessary, then returns to
sleep to conserve power.

4. Idle Management: Puts unused components into low-power modes to save energy.

5. Power Profiles: Allows switching between power-saving modes for optimized performance
and battery life.
This summary highlights the core structure of Android, its layered architecture, and the role of the
Linux kernel in power and resource management.

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