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Introduction to Python

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muska07n
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Introduction to Python

Dr. Faisal Anwer


Department of Computer Science
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002
Copyright © Dept of Computer Science, AMU, Aligarh. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Recap of Previous Lecture
• Introduction to Data Science

• AI, Machine Learning and Data Science


Introduction
➢ Python is Developed by Guido van Rossum.

➢ The Python language is built around 19 guidelines from the


Zen of Python.

➢ The first release appeared in 1991 as Python 0.9.0.


Introduction: Features
Python is an interactive, general-purpose, object-oriented, and high-
level programming language.

Open-Source

Simplicity & Readability

Portable

Huge community of developers/users

Python works on different platforms

Python is widely used in various types of applications


Introduction: Features
Vast Support of Libraries and frameworks

• Data Science: NumPy, Pandas, SciPy, PyTorch, etc.

• Machine Learning: Tensorflow, Scikit-Learn, PyBrain,


PyML, etc.

• Artificial Intelligence: Keras, OpenCV, NLTK, etc.

• Web Development: Django, Flask, Pyramid, etc.

• Network Programming: Asyncio, Pulsar, Pyzmq, etc.


INTRODUCTION: OFFICIAL HOME

✓ The official home of the Python Programming Language


is www.python.org

✓ The latest release can be checked


(https://www.python.org/downloads/)

✓ Python extension is .py


IDEs & Editors
✓Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

✓Text/Code Editor

✓How to select IDE/Editor?


➢ Beginner — IDLE (or Online Python Editors) is perfect.
➢ Intermediate/ Advanced —Google Colab, Jupyter
Notebook, PyCharm, Sublime, etc.

✓What’s your purpose?


➢Data Science —Jupyter Notebook, Colab, PyCharm
Professional
➢Web development — PyCharm Professional, VS Code
IDEs & Editors
Integrated Development and Learning
Environment (IDLE)
✓IDLE is a cross-platform
IDEs & Editors:
open-source IDE
that comes by default
IDLEwith Python.
✓Suitable for simple projects

Installation Steps for IDLE


✓ Go to https://www.python.org/downloads/
✓ Download the latest release of Python as
per your OS ( Windows/Linux/Mac)
✓ Run the downloaded (.exe) file
IDEs & Editors: Jupyter Notebook
✓A web-based interactive development environment

✓Easy to use, open-source software that allows you to create


and share live code, visualizations, and others.

First Method:

Installing Jupyter using Anaconda


✓Download latest version of Anaconda
(https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual)
✓Install Anaconda
(https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/windows/)
IDEs & Editors: Jupyter Notebook

Second Method:

Installing Jupyter with pip (Python’s package manager)


✓Rum command prompt (cmd)
✓Upgrade pip (pip3 install --upgrade pip)
✓pip3 install jupyter

Start with Jupyter Notebook


✓Rum command prompt (cmd)
✓Write jupyter notebook
IDEs & Editors: Colab
✓A free Jupyter notebook environment that runs entirely in the
cloud.

✓Requires no installation/setup

✓Allows you to work in a team

✓Supports many popular machine learning libraries


IDEs & Editors: Getting Started
✓ Run IDLE or Jupyter Notebook or Colab
✓ print(‘Hello, World’)
✓ a=50
✓ b=6
✓ c=a%b
Running code in the interactive shell

• Python is an interpreted language.

• Python expressions and statements can be run in an


interactive programming environment called the shell.

At the prompt (>>>) type:


print (“Python: Hello World”)
– Press [Enter]

13
Running code in the interactive shell

Calculator: Interactive Mode


• Start the Python interpreter and use it as a calculator.

• Use an interactive shell to perform the following


operations

➢2 + 3,
➢6/2,
➢6/4,
➢6%4,
➢6%2,
➢2*4-3,
➢4-2*6-4
14
Programming in Script Mode
• Open a New File from the File menu of the IDLE shell
window
• Write your program and save your file using the “.py”
extension
• Use Run Module (F5) from the Run menu.

15
Program
1.Write a program in Python programming and save it as
MyfirstProgram.py to perform the following operations
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Modulo
division.

2.Write a program in Python programming and save it as


MysecondProgram.py to display the following messages:

• “Hello World, I am studying Data Science using Python”


• “ Guido Van Rossum invented the Python programming
language.”

16
Program Documentation
• Comment lines provide documentation about your
program

– Anything after the “#” symbol is a comment


– non-executable (Ignored by the python shell)

#My First Python Program


#May February, 2024

17
Basic Concepts
✓ A case-sensitive language
✓ Comment (single line (#) or Multi-lines (triple-quotes))
✓ Indentation is essential (no curly braces)
✓ Multiple statements are allowed with a semicolon
✓ a=5; b=6; c=a+b
✓ Keywords: A set of reserved words that can’t be used as variable
names, function names, or any other identifier:
✓ import keyword as K
✓ len(K.kwlist) --- 36
✓ To print the list, print(keyword.kwlist)
Introduction to Python Advanced Libraries
NumPy
• NumPy stands for Numerical Python.
• It is a library consisting of
multidimensional array objects and a
collection of routines for processing
those arrays.
• Using NumPy, mathematical and
logical operations on arrays can be
performed.
Pandas
• Pandas is a Python library used for
working with data sets.
• It has functions for analyzing,
cleaning, exploring, and
manipulating data.
• Pandas can clean messy data sets,
and make them readable and
relevant.
Seaborn
• Seaborn is a python library for making statistical graphics.
• It is built on top of matplotlib and integrates closely with
pandas data structures.

import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
df = pf.read_csv('PIMA_diabetes.csv')
k=df.corr()
sns.heatmap(k, annot=True, cmap="bwr")
Scikit-learn (Sklearn)
• Scikit-learn (Sklearn) is the most useful and robust library
for machine learning in Python.

• It provides a selection of efficient tools for machine


learning and statistical modeling including classification,
regression, clustering and dimensionality reduction via a
consistence interface in Python.
Scikit-learn Features
• Scikit-learn library focuses on modeling the data. Some of the
most popular groups of models provided by Sklearn are as
follows −

• Supervised Learning algorithms

• Unsupervised Learning algorithms

• Clustering − This model is used for grouping unlabeled data.


Example

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression


from sklearn.metrics import
mean_absolute_error,mean_squared_error

lin_reg = LinearRegression()
lin_reg.fit(X_train, Y_train)
Y_pred=lin_reg.predict(X_test)
Summary
• Features of Python
• IDE and Editors
• How to run a python code
• Introduction of Advanced Libraries

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